Edwin Washington Project

EWP 01 Civil Rights

Item Set

Items

• EWP 1 IMAG 0118
• EWP 1 IMAG 0115
• EWP 1 IMAG 0109
• EWP 1 IMAG 0108
• EWP 1 IMAG 0107
• EWP 1 IMAG 0104
• EWP 1 IMAG 0103
• EWP 1 IMAG 0102
• EWP 1 IMAG 0101
• EWP 1 IMAG 0100
• EWP 1 IMAG 0095
• EWP 1 IMAG 0083
• EWP 1 IMAG 0082
• EWP 1 IMAG 0081
• EWP 1 IMAG 0080
• EWP 1 IMAG 0079
• EWP 1 IMAG 0078
• EWP 1 IMAG 0077
• EWP 1 IMAG 0076
• EWP 1 IMAG 0075
• EWP 1 IMAG 0074
• EWP 1 IMAG 0069
• EWP 1 IMAG 0068
• EWP 1 IMAG 0065
• EWP 1 IMAG 0064
• EWP 1 IMAG 0062
• EWP 1 IMAG 0061
• EWP 1 IMAG 0057
• EWP 1 IMAG 0051
• EWP 1-1-1 Yr 1940 McKJackson to Emerick with Bill
  March 18, a handwritten letter by William McKJackson to Emerick, complaining that there is no credited High School for Blacks in Loudoun, gave Emerick a bill for the costs of sending McKJackson's child to Manassas.
• EWP 1-1-2 Yr 1940 Petition 204 Leesburg PTA for Equal Salries
  1940 Petition using 1938 Comparison Data on White and Negro Teachers', Principals', and Supervisor's salaries as evidence of inequitable salary and contracts.
• EWP 1-7 Yr. 1956 Civil Rights Hearing Notice of General Assembly Consideration for Sales Taxes used for Educational Purposes
  1956 Document 2-3. Civil Rights Public hearing by the Virginia School Boards Association on Sales Taxes to be considered for educational purposes.
• EWP 1 U Poll Tax for Colored in Mt Gilead
  Unknown Date, Poll Tax List of Coloreds living in Mt. Gilead.
• EWP 1 1940 March 18 Expenses
• EWP 1 1940 Jan 6 Walter Millss
• EWP 1 1940 Jan 11 George Fox (2)
• EWP 1 1940 Jan 11 George Fox
• EWP 1 1940 Gibbons Tract (5)
• EWP 1 1940 Gibbons Tract (4)
• EWP 1 1940 Gibbons Tract (2)
• EWP 1 1940 Gibbons Tract.1
• EWP 1 1940 Dec 11 Colored High School
• EWP 1 1939 Daily (5)
• EWP 1 1939 Daily (4)
• EWP 1 1939 Daily (3)
• EWP 1 1939 Daily (2)
• EWP 1 1939 Daily
• EWP 1 1938 March 19 Jennie Dean
• EWP 1 1934 Gresham 002
• EWP 1 1934 Gresham
• EWP 1 Legal Opinion 003
• EWP 1 Legal Opinion 002
• EWP 1 Legal Opinion 001
• EWP 1.8 Yr 1955 League Of Va Counties 006
  League met In Roanoke 10 Nov 1955 and was opposed to public funds being used for integration.
• EWP 1.8 Yr 1955 League Of Va Counties 005
  League met In Roanoke 10 Nov 1955 and was opposed to public funds being used for integration.
• EWP 1 Yr 1955 League Of Va Counties 004
  League met In Roanoke 10 Nov 1955 and was opposed to public funds being used for integration.
• EWP 001 Yr 1955 League Of Va Counties 003
  League met In Roanoke 10 Nov 1955 and was opposed to public funds being used for integration.
• EWP 1 Yr. 1955 League Of Va Counties 002
  League met In Roanoke 10 Nov 1955 and was opposed to public funds being used for integration.
• EWP 1 Yr. 1955 League Of Va Counties 001
  League met In Roanoke 10 Nov 1955 and was opposed to public funds being used for integration.
• EWP Gray Commission 019
• EWP Gray Commission 018
• EWP Gray Commission 017
• EWP Gray Commission 016
• EWP Gray Commission 015
• EWP Gray Commission 014
• EWP Gray Commission 013
• EWP Gray Commission 012
• EWP Gray Commission Image Page 012
  The image of Page 12 continues the Commission's Report from the previous page into the CONCLUSION. The Commission details concerns about the school calendar (financial penalties for not meeting the required time in school), the retirement plan for teachers who choose to leave the public school system to teach in private schools; the funding for teacher retirements; funding for the Attorney General's office and the need to expand it to meet the potential influx of questions about the Supreme Court decision of 1954 and legal ramifications for local schools/school divisions.
• EWP Gray Commission Image Page 11
  The image of this page shows the continuation of the proposed plan from the Gray Commission to address federally mandated desegregation of Virginia's public schools. Items 8-12 are on this page. Item 8 would allow local school boards the power to expend funds for tuition grants, etc., without gaining permission from the "tax levying body." Item 9 provided for utilizing funds from the local governing bodies' budget to pay for legal expenses accrued by local school boards in defense of their actions. Item 10 allowed for the provision of retirement benefits for teachers who chose to leave the public school sector and become employed in private schools. This item, in particular, was proposed to address staff choosing to leave the public school setting because of the 1954 school segregation cases of the time. Item 11 empowers the office of the Attorney General to "render certain services to local school boards." In the event that legal assistance is needed, this office would be engaged to answer questions regarding the "commingling of the races in the public schools." The Commission proposed that the Attorney General's office be expanded and "necessary funds be appropriated by the General Assembly." Item 12 proposes updating of state codes/statutes that would need to be amended and the removal/repeal of "obsolete sections of the code" as well.
• EWP Gray Commission 010 Image Page 10
  The image of page 10 of The Gray Commission Report shows the continuation of the proposed details of a plan to collect and utilize tax dollars for elementary and secondary education purposes, including providing tuition grants and transportation. Item number 6 on this page also provides for local governing bodies to be allowed to interpret and/or determine expenditures and the waiving of "certain conditions" under which state funds could be distributed. In addition, the funding would be provided for parents of pupils of integrated public schools who "object to such assignment" to an integrated public school.
• EWP Gray Commission Image Page 9
  The Image of Page 9 elaborates on the plan to develop legislation authorizing local school boards to levy local taxes for public school purposes. The legislation would give local school boards "broad discretion" in utilizing the funds for tuition grants for elementary and secondary school education, including expenditures for transportation costs. This page also explains that the funding legislation for the levying of taxes for public schools would be a "companion legislation to that dealing with the assignment of pupils and compulsory education, respectively." This page also specifies that the legislation would be "designed to prevent further enforced integration by providing the payment of tuition grants" for parents who object to their children attending mixed schools. This page also provides an amendment statement regarding protection from penalties for the distribution of state funds.
• EWP Gray Commission Image Page 8
  The Image of Page 8 shows the SUMMARY OF LEGISLATION PROPOSED for the proposed legislation authorizing local school boards to assign pupils to particular schools and to provide for appeals in certain instances. The legislation would give local school boards "broad discretion" in assigning pupils to public schools. This page also shows a proposed blueprint for the appeal process if a parent or guardian does not wish their child to attend an integrated school. The proposal also allows local school boards the power to choose to "furnish transportation for pupils" or, as emphasized on this page, not furnish transportation to school children. The proposal also allows for a law relating to the assignment of teachers and raising monies to support pupil transportation and expend state-provided aid for the same purposes. This document also provides language regarding localities without public schools as they may need funding; however, the funding or "school appropriations are limited."
• EWP Gray Commission Image Page 7
  This page continues the discussion from page 6 under THE PROBLEM BEFORE US, referencing the judicial decisions of 1954 and their impact on Virginia schools and the separation of Negro and white children in their education. The Commission sees the Supreme Court's decisions as having an "adverse effect" on white children through the integration of schools. Thus, the Commission believes that separate facilities for the races are the best for children's education overall. The Commission presents the case that modern public schools have been racially segregated. Additionally, the process of segregation has affected where white children are taught--in private academies. It recognized by the Commission that Negro children lose "something by being compelled to attend separate schools. Further, the Commission believes that the separate facilities" in the public schools "are in the best interest of both races." Also, the school boards are to be given broad latitude in how they meet the needs of their student populations, including employing teachers, assigning pupils, and handling transportation and cafeteria issues.
• EWP Gray Commission Image Page 7
  This page continues the discussion from page 6 under THE PROBLEM BEFORE US, referencing the judicial decisions of 1954 and their impact on Virginia schools and the separation of Negro and white children in their education. The Commission sees the Supreme Court's decisions as having an "adverse effect" on white children through the integration of schools. Thus, the Commission believes that separate facilities for the races are the best for children's education overall.
• EWP Gray Commission Image page 6
  A continuation of the introduction from page five of the report and the perceived problem identified by the commission regarding the Supreme Court Decision of 1954 in Brown v Board of Education Topeka, Kansas. The introduction further presents the concern for the Supreme Court's disregard for states' and citizens' rights.
• EWP Gray Commission Image page 5
  Introduction to the Gray Commission Report on Public Education and its purpose: to examine the effect of the Supreme Court Decision of May 17, 1954, Brown v . Board of Education Topeka Kansas, with emphasis on the Virginia case of Davis v County School Board of Prince Edward County and the decision's consequential impact on education in Virginia at the time.
• EWP Gray Commission 002 Image of List of Members of the Commission, Counsel, and Staff Page
  Members of the Commission, Counsel, and Staff Page.
• EWP Gray Commission 001 Cover
• EWP 001 Yr 1955 Gray Commission Cover
  Report to the Governor of Virginia from the Gray Commission regarding the ramifications of the Davis V. School Board of Prince Edward County Virginia Supreme Court Decision in 1954.
• EWP 1 Resolution 003
• EWP 1 Resolution 002
• EWP 1 VEA 002
• EWP 1 VEA 001
• EWP 1 Pupil Placement Board 2
• EWP 1 Pupil Placement Board
• EWP 1 School Board Salary (2)
• EWP 1 School Board Salary
• EWP 1 Parker (9)
• EWP 1 Parker (8)
• EWP 1 Parker (7)
• EWP 1 Parker (6)
• EWP 1 Parker (5)
• EWP 1 Parker (4)
• EWP 1 Parker (3)
• EWP 1 Parker (2)
• EWP 1 Parker (10)
• EWP 1 Parker
• EWP 1 4-5 Number Teachers
  Number of White and Colored Teachers
• EWP 1 Memo
• EWP 1 How To Equal
• EWP 1 Equality
• EWP 1 Distrimination OK
• EWP 1 Discrimination OK
• EWP 1 Brown (3)
• EWP 1 Brown (2)
• EWP 1 Brown
• EWP 1 1949 Daily
• EWP 1 1946 State Board
• EWP 1 1946 Salaries
• EWP 1 1945 Site Selection
• EWP 1 1945 PTA (2)
• EWP 1 1945 PTA
• EWP 1 1944 Transport (4)
• EWP 1 1944 Transport
• EWP 1 1944 StLouis (2)
• EWP 1 1944 Maintenance (2)
• EWP 1 1944 Maintenance
• EWP 1 1944 High School (2)
• EWP 1 1943 Study (3)
• EWP 1 1943 Study (2)
• EWP 1 1943 Study
• EWP 1 1942 Douglas High
  Walter White spoke at Douglass. Letter is an invitation to people to attend.
• EWP 1.1.3 Yr 1942 Douglass High School Dedication
  Regret to attend dedication
• EWP 1 1942 Douglas (3)
• EWP 1 1942 Douglas (2)
• EWP 1 1942 Douglas
• EWP 1 1941 WalterMills
• EWP 1 4-14 1941 Salaries
  Memo reference salaries for colored and white teachers for the 1942-43 and 1943-44 school terms.
• EWP 1 1941 Teacehrs
• EWP 1 1941 Study (9)
• EWP 1 1941 Study (8)
• EWP 1 1941 Study (7)
• EWP 1 1941 Study (6)
• EWP 1 1941 Study (5)
• EWP 1 1941 Study (4)
• EWP 1 1941 Study (3)
• EWP 1 1941 Study (2)
• EWP 1 1941 Study
• EWP 1 1941 Salaries
• EWP 1 1941 Randall
• EWP 1 1941 Ford
• EWP 1 1941 Dean (4)
• EWP 1 1941 Dean (3)
• EWP 1 1941 Dean (2)
• EWP 1 1941 Dean
• EWP 1 1941 Daily Record (2)
• EWP 1 1941 Daily Record
• EWP 1 1940 Walter Mills (2)
• EWP 01 Yr. 1940 Anne Arundell County
  Oscar Emerick requests court order re Walter Mills vs Anne Arundell County
• EWP 1 4-14 1940 Salaries (10)
  Letter to O. L. Emerick dated December 6, 1940, reference the vote against equalization of salaries.
• EWP 1 1940 Salaries Court
• EWP 1 4-14 1940 Salaries (9)
  Excerpt from court order reference the salaries for colored teachers versus white teachers in Norfolk.
• EWP 1 4-14 1940 Salaries (8)
  Excerpt from court order reference salaries for colored teachers versus white teachers in Norfolk.
• EWP 1 4-14 1939 1940 Salaries (7)
  Document describes the pay for colored (Negro) teachers and principals and white teachers and principals in the public schools of Norfolk.
• EWP 1 4-14 1940 Salaries (6)
  Page 4 of a document reference a colored (Negro) teacher in the Booker T. Washington High School.
• EWP 1 4-14 1940 Salaries (5)
  Part of court document pertaining to colored (Negro) teacher salaries and salaries for white teachers.
• EWP 1 4-14 1940 Salaries (4)
  Court Document
• EWP 1 4-14 1940 Salaries (3)
  Court document reference an appeal by Melvin O. Alston, a Negro teacher of Norfolk and the Norfolk Teachers’ Association against the School Board and the Superintendent of Schools of the City, The suit pertains to the fixing of salaries of Negro teachers at a rate lower than that of white teachers.
• EWP 1 4-14 1940 Salaries (2)
  Page 1 of U.S. Circuit Court of Appeals Fourth Circuit, Melvin O. Alston, and the Norfolk Teachers’ Association versus the School Board of the City of Norfolk.
• EWP 1 4-14 1940 Salaries (17)
  Memo from the State Board of Education, dated December 2, 1940, to the Division Superintendent reference the Court of Appeal’s decision in the case of Melvin O. Alston and the Norfolk Teachers’ Association pertaining to salaries for colored versus white teachers.
• EWP 1 4-14 1940 Salaries (16)
  Letter from Abram P. Staples, Attorney General, to Dr. Sidney P. Hall, Superintendent of Public Instruction, State Board of Education, reference the appeals court decision pertaining to salaries.
• EWP 1 4-14 1940 Salaries (15)
  Letter from Abram P. Staples, Attorney General, to Dr. Sidney B. Hall, Superintendent of Public Instruction, State Board of Education, reference the appeals court decision pertaining to salaries.
• EWP 1 4-14 1940 Salaries (14)
  Letter from the Division Superintendent, dated December 20, 1940, to Superintendent George Fox, reference the appeals court decision pertaining to salaries for colored versus white teachers.
• EWP 1 4-14 1940 Salaries (13)
  Letter dated December 18, 1940, from O. L. Emerick, Division Superintendent, to Mrs. Hannah B. Daniel of Hillsboro, reference the rejection by the Teachers’ Association of Loudoun County pertaining to the proposal of the school board for the equality of salaries.
• EWP 1 4-14 1940 Salaries (12)
  Letter dated December 14, 1940, from the Division Superintendent to Mr. Alfred Anderson, City Attorney, Norfolk, reference the salaries of white and colored teachers in the city of Norfolk.
• EWP 1 4-14 1940 Salaries (11)
  Court ruling
• EWP 1 1940 Mar 8003
• EWP 1 1940 Mar 8002
• EWP 1 1940 Mar 8001
• EWP 1 1940 March 18 Expenses B
• EWP 1 ByrdSegregation004
• EWP 1 ByrdSegregation003
• EWP 1.4.2 ByrdSegregation002
• EWP 1.4.2 ByrdSegregation001
• EWP 1 1SCANS OF DOCUMENTS
• EWP 1 1956 Jan Cnty Wide League b 006
• EWP 1 1956 Jan Cnty Wide League A 006
• EWP 1 Williams 005
• EWP 1 Williams 004
• EWP 1 Williams 003
• EWP 1 Williams 002
• EWP 1 Williams 001
• EWP 1 White Head 1954 001
• EWP 1 Tenth Amendment 003
• EWP 1 Tenth Amendment 002
• EWP 1 Tenth Amendment 001
• EWP 1 Senator George 006
• EWP 1 Senator George 005
• EWP 1 Senator George 004
• EWP 1 Senator George 003
• EWP 1 Senator George 002
• EWP 1 Senator George 001
• EWP 1 School Briefing 1956001
• EWP 1.4.2 Yr 1955 Gray Comn School Briefing 006
• EWP 1 School Briefing 005
• EWP 1 School Briefing 004
• EWP 1 School Briefing 003
• EWP 1 School Briefing 002
• EWP 1 School Briefing 001
• EWP 1 Negro Opportunity 001