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EWP 3-3 Yr 1872 Annual Rep.pdf
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Superintendent Files and Annual Reports
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-- --
SECOND ANNUAL REPORT
OF THE
Superintendent of Public Instruction,
OF VIRGINIA ,
18 7 2 .
PART I.- STATISTICAL.
VIRGINIA SCHOOL REPORT,
18 7 2 .
SECOND ANNUAL REPORT
OF THE
OF THE
Superintendent of Public Instruction,
FOR THE YEAR ENDING AUGUST 31, 1872.
FIRST REPORT OF THE BOARD OF VISITORS
OF
The Agricultural aŋd Mechanical College,
ON
LE
SS
1. B
N
GTO
RICHMOND :
HIN
R . F. WALKER , SUPERINTENDENT PUBLIC PRINTING F WASHIN
1872.
COMMONWEALTH OF VIRGINIA ,
OFFICE OF THE BOARD OF EDUCATION,
Richmond , December 1, 1872.
To the General Assembly of Virginia :
The Board of Education has the honor to transmit
herewith the Second Annual Report of the Superintendent of
Public Instruction , together with the accompanying docu
ments.
Respectfully ,
GILBERT C . WALKER ,
President Board of Education .
166003
COMMONWEALTH OF VIRGINIA ,
OFFICE SUPERINTENDENT OF PUBLIC INSTRUCTION ,
Richmond, November 1, 1872.
To his Excellency GILBERT C . WALKER,
Governor of Virginia , and ex officio
President of the Board of Education :
MR. PRESIDENT, —
I respectfully submit herewith my Second
Annual Report ; which shows, as you will be pleased to
observe, a gratifying advance in our Educational work .
The Report is prepared in two parts: the first, Statistical;
the second , Expository . The second part is an exposition of
the general principles and methods of the school system , rather
than of the particular statistics of the year, which are suffi
ciently explained in part first. The two parts may be printed
as independent pamphlets, and be circulated separately , or
under one cover, as may be preferred in particular cases. This ,
I think , is a more economical and effective arrangement than
the usual one of inserting general discussions into the midst of
the record of current facts.
I have the honor to be
Your ob ’t sery't,
W . H . RUFFNER ,
Supt. Public Instruction .
- - -. …
- - -- -
SECOND ANNUAL REPORT
OF THE
Superintendent of Public Instruction,
FOR
THE YEAR
ENDING AUGUST
PART I---STATISTICAL.
The following statements exhibit the educational results for the last
year in a summary way, and show a decided gain , as compared with the
previous year:
Number of counties in the State...........
cities of first class............
91
county and city superintendents ..............
school districts in cities and counties............
vos . . . . . . . . . . . . ..
school trustees in cities and counties..
public schools * in cities and counties...................
454
.....
1,362
3,695
107
............
3,853
. .. . .. .
graded schools.....
al
teachers in public schools.................
Average monthly salaries ......... ..........
...... ..... . $29 81
5.72
Average number of months schools were taught...
Number of pupils attending public schools......... ..... ...... ..................... 166,377
Number of pupils in average daily attendance......
................... 95,488
40.5
Per centage of school population enrolled ..........
Per centage of school population in average attendance........................ 23.2
57.4
. 70
Average cost of tuition per pupil in average attendance....................... $ 1504
22
Number of school houses owned by districts.............
.............$387,672
Value of public school property............................
Per centage of those enrolled in average attendance...........
Average cost of tuition per month in public schools per pupil enrolled .....
COUNTY SUPERINTENDENTS.
78
Average number of visits to schools....
teachers examined ................
official letters written ..............
. .... . .
miles traveled on official business................
..............
days employed ..............
* Counting each grade of one teacher in a graded schoolas one school.
245
828
138
SECOND ANNUAL REPORT OF THE
viii
..... ...... $92 51
Average amount of incidental expensest............
.... .... ..... $ 310
Average salary from the State......
.... .... 218
.......
Average salary from the State, less incidentals...............
.......
....
...
...
186
Average salary from the county ....... ......
Average salary from the State and county ........... ......................... 497
ls ..............
Tuciaent
identaals
. ... ... .. .. .. ... ... .. . .. .
nty,, 1088
less inc
Average salary from State and couuvy
95
44
80
75
405 24
PRIVATE SCHOOLS.
Number of primary schools........
Number of colleges and technical schools...............
Totalnumber of private schools................
Number of pupils attending primary schools...............................
Number of pupils attending high schools............. ..... .. .. ...
Number of pupils attending colleges and technical schools........ ..
Total number attending private schools....
648
187
Number of high schools................
856
10,182
7,742
2,573
Cost of tuition per month in primary schools........... ...........
20 ,497
$ 1 90
. .. .. ... . ... ... ..
4 91
Cost of tuition per month in colleges and technical schools....................
7 00
6 .75
Cost of tuition per month in high schools...............
Average number of months taught in primary schools ....................
Average number of months taught in high schools....................
Averagenumber of months taught in colleges and technical schools........
8.33
9.00
*Not paid out of public funds.
A TABLE
Showing the whole Cost of Public Education for the year ending August 31, 1872
(including unpaid balances).
To State
Funds.
For pay of teachers and trea
surers .....
Fordents........
pay of county superinten
To County
Funds.
To District . To other
To other.
Funds.
sources
Total.
$387,815 22 $202,865 48
$52,384 98 $643,065 68
45,295
03
.
.......
6 ,490 33
For expenses of central office ....
For district expenses...
249,104 33 49,363 22 298,467 55
Total ......... ......................... $422,602 43 $219,863 63 $ 249,104 33 $101,748 201 $ 993,318 59
. . . . . . . . . . . . . .
28,296 3388
*6,490
16,998 15
* Two thousand dollars of this amountis paid out of State Treasury.
Deduct $176,506 56,the excess of the value of public school property in 1872
over that in 1871, and we have as the total cost for current expenses, $816,812 03.
NOTE. — The total cost of public education in the State for the year is less than
the amount reported, because it appeared evident, in analyzing the reports acof
county superintendents, that some of them had charged to the current year's
count the liabilities for the year previous which were paid during the current year.
This discovery was made too late to return the reports for correction.
SUPERINTENDENT OF PUBLIC INSTRUCTION .
1x
1X
A STATEMENT
Showing the condition of the system for the school year ending August 31, 1872, in
comparison with its condition for the year ending August 31, 1871.
1871.
Whole number of public schools................
Increase in 1872................... .............
Total number pupils in public and private schools .
Increase in 1872........
Number of pupils in average daily attendance.....
Increase in 1872..... .. ...
Percentage of school population enrolled............
Increase in 1872 ... ... .....
Percentage of school population in average at
tendanc
e .....................
Increase in 1872 ..................
Whole number of teachers in public schools........
Increase in 1872.
25,948
20,497
6722
29,8381157,036
75,722
186,874
29,838
95,488
19,766
31.8
40.5
1818..58
4.4 3,084
23.2
8.7
3,853
769
$ 211, 166 $387,672
Increase in 1872..
- $ 176,506
Number of school houses owned by districts........
Increase in 1872..
166,377
5 ,451
Estimated value of public school property...........
Increase in 1872.........
Average number months schools were taught.. ...
131,088
35,289
Whole number attending private schools...
Decrease in 1872.............
3,695
648
Whole number of pupils enrolled ...................
Increase in 1872.... ... .
1872.
3 ,047
- 190
504
504
4.66
5 .72
414
1.C6
REMARKS ON THE STATISTICS.
The details on which these summaries are based will be
found among the documents forming a part of this Report,
particularly in ten tables compiled from the reports of the
county superintendents, in the tables giving the statistics of
private schools, and in the Second Auditor's Report.
Considering the embarrassments under which the mighty
work of universal education was begun and has been conti
nued , we have reason to thank God and take courage. The
hostile and the feeble -hearted expected that in a year or two
our public school system would end its existence ; but it was
born a giant, and has grown with giant vigor. Strong as it
was in its first year, it was greatly stronger in the second, and
SECOND ANNUAL REPORT OF THE
at this present writing (November 1) it has entered healthfully
upon its third year of active life.
The addition in the second year of 648 schools and 769
teachers, with an addition of more than a month in the average
length of the school session , was a most gratifying increase of
school privileges over those of the first year ; and the happy
effects were simultaneously exbibited by the addition of 35,289
pupils to the enrollment in the schools.
The increased liberality of the people is also worthy of note,
especially in view of the fact that in the counties and districts
the money was voted by the people at the polls, and came in
most opportunely to supplement the waning income from the
State. The demonstrated practicability of educating the chil
dren at seventy cents per month per pupil, confirms what has
been asserted with regard to the economy of the public system
of education .
DIMINUTION IN THE PROCEEDS OF STATE SCHOOL TAX.
The amount received from that source during the year 1870
71 was $ 362,000 ; received during 1871 –72, $ 315,428 ; diminu
tion, $46,572. After the expiration of the scholastic year
1870– 71, additional funds pertaining to that year were received
to the amount of $ 73, 182, which raised the total to $ 435,182 .
Even this sum , however , fell short of the First Auditor's esti
mate (which was $ 490 ,343 ) by more than $ 55 ,000 ; although
some important sources of revenue were left out of his calcu
lation .
On the 1st September, 1872, the school revenue from the
State tax was nearly $ 175 ,000 short of the First Auditor's esti
mate for last year.
Part of this will no doubt yet come in .
But still we cannot expect to receive within $ 100,000 of the
de
amount of funds which the facts led us to expect.
This is a
seriousmatter . The disastrous results were mitigated by the
interest received from the vested Literay Fund. But liabilities
must be paid in the districts out of money belonging to the
now current year.
This , with the danger of still further dimi
nution from reduced assessments,must tell badly on the schools
during the year upon which they have entered .
SUPERINTENDENT OF PUBLIC INSTRUCTION .
THE LITERARY FUND ,
As shown by the Second Auditor in his report which is
given in the Appendix to my last year's Report, on the 1st of
May, 1871, consisted of $ 1,596 ,069 in solvent securities, on
which the unpaid interest would on the 1st July, 1871, amount
to $ 566 ,616 . The investments were :
In Virginia State stocks....
.................$ 1,543,669 00
400 00
In Richmond City stocks.... .. ... .... ....... .. .. .... . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
In loan to Washington college .... .. .. . ... .. .. ...
In Fairmount (West Virginia ) Bank stock .
2 ,000 00
50 ,000 00
It will be seen by the present report of the Second Auditor
that the interest on the debts due from Richmond city and from
Washington College have been paid , and a portion of the inter
est due on the State stocks.' Inasmuch as the Constitution
(Art. VIII., Sections 7 and 8), and also the School Law (section
56 ) set apart this Fund, and require its annual interest to be
used for the support of the public free schools, it is to be hoped
that the General Assembly will provide for the payment of full
interest on the Fund . Unless some special effort be made to
prevent it, our school revenues for the current year will be se
riously curtailed .
AID FROM PEABODY FUND .
It will be seen from the statement of the General Agent
given below that $ 28 ,900 of the proceeds of the Peabody Edu
cation Fund were appropriated to the Virginia schools during
the past scholastic year. The bulk of this was given in aid of
graded schools, and was highly influential in promoting the
formation of this class of schools,and in the prolonging of their
sessions; both of which were objects of the first importance.
Aid was also rendered to teachers' institutes, and to the sup
port of the Educational Journal. Doctor Sears has continued
to contribute his much coveted personal services in aid of our
work by travelling extensively, delivering addresses, and ren
dering counsel.
xii
SECOND ANNUAL REPORT OF THE
LIST OF APPROPRIATIONS.
Richmond,Public Schools.......................
......... $ 1,500 00
1,500 00
800 00
" , Colored Normal School......................
Petersburg , Public Schools.........
2,000 00
Norfolk ,
1,500 00
“
Normal School ...........
. .
Winchester,
Staunton,
.
.
.
.
. .
.
.
.
.
.
. . .. ... ... . . ... . .. .. .. .. . .. .. ..
. ........
.. ...... ....
"
Lynchburg, "
.. ..
.... ....
.. . .. . . .. ..
. ... ...
1,500 00
1,500 00
2,000 00
Alexandria , "
Portsmouth , "
Manchester, "
.......................................
1,000 00
1 ,000 00
.................... ........... ......
1,000 00
Wytheville, "
Harrisonburg "
Lexington, “
...........
900 00
.
.
.
.
.
. . .
.
.. .. .. . ... ... . .. . ... . .. .. .
.
.
.
.
.
. .
. .
.
750 00
Danville, "
Floyd Courthouse, Public Schools .
Teachers' Institutes .........
Journal of Education . .................
.. .. ....
Woodstock, Public School................
Edinburg,
Strasburg ,
Palmyra,
Marion ,
.. ...
“
......... ..
O
0
. 2
9
.
9
.
. .
"
Buchanan ,
.. .. .
“
Fincastle,
"
00
00
00
00
00
00
300 00
300 00
300 00
,
300 00
300 00
300 00
" . . .. .. .. .. . ... . .. . ... . .. . ... . .
Culpeper Courthouse.......
Leesburg.................
Wythe county, Public School.....
Bristol,
600
450
1,000
200
300
300
300 00
300 00
.. .... ...
Matoaca,
800 00
"
300 00
300 00
" ..... ....
300 00
Independence, "
Charlottesville, "
" ........
Fredericksburg, Public Schools....
Calliopean, Grayson county.
300 00
.. .. .. . .. .. .. ..
300 00
300 00
Abingdon , Public Schools.........
300 00
300 00
Brucetown, "
Bridgewater, "
300 00
Clover Hill, •
Lincoln, Hampton , (colored ).........
300 00
Midlothian, Public School, (colored )....
Louisa Courthouse, (colored )...........
Butler School, near Hampton, (colored )...
Buckingham , Courthouse, (colored )......
Hampton Normal School.....
Hollins' Institute.......................
Salem , Public Schools.........
300 00
200 00
... . . .. ...
200 00
200
200
800
500
00
00
00
00
500 00
$ 28,900 00
SUPERINTENDENT OF PUBLIC INSTRUCTION .
xiii
THE STATISTICS OF PRIVATE AND INCORPORATED SCHOOLS
Given in the appropriate tables are very valuable, and probably
form the most complete and reliable collection ever made in
the State.
It is evident from the diminution of pupils in the
lower grades of private schools, taken in connection with the
large increase in the corresponding public schools, that the
latter are rapidly absorbing the former. Under special circum
stances there ought to be, and always will be, private schools
for the primary branches ; but as will be fully shown in Part
II, it is by far the best plan for the community generally to
unite upon the public schools in elementary education . It may
thus have a better quality of schools for less expense than upon
the private, or the ecclesiastical, plan . As we ascend the scale
of education , all systems may wisely be supported , for reasons
which will be given in the sequel.
It is a highly gratifying fact that last year we had in the
State 187 high schools, or academies, (as perhaps they had
better be styled, in contradistinction from secondary public
schools, which are universally denominated “ high schools ” ) .
These academies contained 7,701 pupils, a large portion of
whom will shortly enter the colleges.
The statistics of our colleges for the past year are highly
encouraging. The aggregate of students was probably greater
than at any previous period in the history ofthe State. In the
matter of superior education Virginia is the acknowledged
leader among the Southern States.
Our colleges are very ably manned, and lack nothing but
larger endowments. Our two universities, representing respec
tively the ideas of private enterprize and public munificence,
are wortby of their fame, and should not be allowed to languish
for want of means.
Theological seminaries being designed to prepare students
for a special vocation , are herein classed among technical
schools . It is gratifying to observe the disposition to diversify
our forms of education , and to establish those special schools,
which are so potent in forwarding their respective interests.
Last year there were ten technical schools, representing at least
six vocations. To these have since been added the Agricultural
XIV
SECOND ANNUAL REPORT OF THE
and Mechanical college. A discussion of the value and proper
organization of technical schools may be found in the report
of that college hereunto appended.
A comprehensive statement ofmy views in regard to schools
of all sorts will appear in Part II. It will there be seen that
the friend of public education is not of necessity an iconoclast.
Some interesting tables concerning the distribution of col
leges and college students in the United States, are copied in
the Appendix from one of the valuable documents issued by
Gen . Eaton , of the National Bureau of Education . The com
manding influence of Virginia in the higher grades of educa
cation will there be observed .
PROGRESS
OF
PUBLIC
SENTIMENT.
Abundant evidence is herein adduced to show that the pub
lic school system is growing in favor with all classes of our
people. There are some counties in which inany of the land
holders have as yet strangely failed to recognize the advantages
of popular education to the owners of the soil. But everything
being considered, the advance in public sentiment has been far
more rapid than could have been anticipated. Many of our
leading men who are still theoretically opposed to public edu
cation are coöperating in the effort to make the system a good
one, and are really bolder in devising liberal measures than
somewho claim to have been lifelong friends. This is fortu
nate. The existence of public schools being thoroughly
assured , we now specially need proper sentiments as to the
character and efficiency of the schools. In this aspect of the
work , men of all theories and prejudices may coöperate.
LAW -ABIDING CHARACTER OF OUR PEOPLE .
The following section in our constitution discloses on the part
of its framers some apprehension of violent resistance to the
working of the public free school system in Virginia :
Constitution , Article viii., Section 11.— " Each city and county shall be held ac
countable for the destruction of school property that may take place within its
limits by incendiaries or open violence.”
SUPERINTENDENT OF PUBLIC INSTRUCTION .
I never had the slightest apprehension of any form
XV
of
violent resistance to the operation of the school law ; but,
in order to show how superfluous was this provision , I have
required reports on the subject from the local officers for both
of the past two years ; and it may be seen that not a single case
has occurred of the destruction of school property by incendi
aries or open violence, except in one, or possibly two, instances,
which was of a kind not referred to in the constitution . Some
school-houses bave been burned, but the fires are believed to
have been accidental, with the exception above alluded to ,
which was a case in which persons living at a distance from
the school house were suspected of having committed the
arson in order to secure a change of location .
In regard to the honorable course pursued by our Legislature
and people generally in respect to the school system , I am glad
to be able to quote the public testimony of so well-informed
and competent a witness as Dr. Sears. In his report to the
Board of Trustees of the Peabody Education Fund ,which met
in Boston during last August, he uses the following language :
“ The introduction of a system of public schools in this State (Virginia ) has a
remarkable history. Acting under a constitution whose provisions for education
they did not fully approve, her legislators, at their first meeting, enacted laws in
strict conformity with its requirements . Entertaining in their own minds serious
doubts of the undertaking,andmeetingwith opposition from others, they never
theless determined not merely to comply with the constitution as a matter of form ,
but to make the experiment in good faith. They elected March 20th , 1870, for
superintendent * * * a man who was a believer in the system . It was made
his duty to prepare and submit a plan of public instruction for their consideration
at an early day, and the outline of a plan was immediately drawn up and pre
sented , and it became a law July 11 of the same year. Before the end of the year
the State and county organizations were complete , and fourteen hundred school
officers were appointed and commissioned. The number of schools amounted to
more than twenty -nine hundred, with about one hundred and thirty thousand
pupils, and more than three thousand teachers. The county superintendents, on
whom devolved the responsibility and labor of organizing schools and putting
them in operation were selected with great care, and for the most part showed
themselves eminently worthy of their trust. Their doubts of the practicability of
free schools at the public expense soon vanished, and from the earnestness of their
character, and the thoroughness and freshness of their convictions, they were able
to carry themajority of the people with them in the measures they proposed. It
is the more creditable to the State that all this has been accomplished at a time of
great financial embarrassment.”
xvi .
SECOND ANNUAL REPORT OF THE
It is worthy of remark also, that although themode of rais
ing local school taxes first adopted was unpopular, and practi
cally subject to a variety of flaws and mishaps, there was a .
disposition manifested in only two or three counties, and these
on the part of a very few individuals, to throw obstacles in the
way of collecting the school taxes . Taken altogether , probably
no new scheme of legislation ever operated more smoothly.
IMPROVEMENT IN SCHOOL -HOUSES.
The funds applicable to District purposes were so small that
but little improvement could have been expected in school ac
commodations, and but little has been made in comparison
with what is needed ; yet there has been some advance. In
many counties several new houses have been built and others
projected ,whilst a largemajority of the superintendents report
much done in the way of refitting. Many Districts would now
gladly multiply and improve their school accommodations, if
they were allowed to raise the necessary means for so doing .
IMPROVEMENT IN THE QUALITY OF SCHOOLS.
·
Improved school-houses and apparatus would of themselves
tend strongly to improve the schools. ' An important item of
improvement is the approach which has been made to uniform
ity of text-books.
The want of this essential requisite to
success in teaching has been sorely felt by private teachers,
who have not commonly been able to control their schools suf
ficiently to secure uniformity. The public system is attended
with great advantages in this respect.
There has also been improvement in the teachers.
The ex
amination by the County Superintendent has proved to be a
powerful stimulus here, as it has elsewhere; and the reëxami
nation which was required before the beginning of the second
year enabled the officers to drop such teachers as had notmet
expectation. The effect of these examinations, the general
influence of Superintendents, the holding of teachers' institutes,
and the reading of professional literature, have conspired to
elevate the average tone of the profession. But there is still
great room for improvement. In some places the mode of
SUPERINTENDENT OF PUBLIC INSTRUCTION .
teaching is the same that was practised half a century ago, and
the improved methods of organization , discipline and instruc
tion are almost unknown. The teachers cannot be induced to
read or inquire, but are content to plod their dull rounds in
self-satisfied ignorance. There are many most encouraging
exceptions to this . Under the influence of Superintendents ,
who have become thoroughly imbued with the spirit of their
offices, the teachers in quite a number of our cities and counties
have progressed rapidly in professional intelligence and skill.
But we cannot hope to bring our schools abreast of the educa
tional advance of the times until we engage earnestly and libe
rally in the work of giving a systematic training.
The graded system of school organization , which is fully
discussed in Part II. of this report, has been introduced to a
considerable extent in our larger centres of population, and is
destined to confer vast benefits upon the people . All our cities
of the first class afford the opportunity of operating the system
to its full capacity , and their authorities are doing what they
can to organize their schools on a comprehensive and thorough
basis. All these cities have able and zealous Superintendents,
but of course for a variety of reasons, their degrees of success
have been various.
All, however, are moving in the right
direction .
The cities of Richmond and Lynchburg havemade the great
est advance toward complete organization , systematic visitation
of schools, instruction of teachers , and commodious school
accommodations. The authorities of those cities embraced the
cardinal doctrine that a Superintendent of Schools sufficiently
paid to enable him to give his whole time to his official duties,
was the only guarantee of complete success. I have appended
to the second part of this report the schemes of organization
and instruction now in operation in those cities, and feel pre
pared to commend them highly . Experience will of course
suggest improvements, but considering how short a time has
elapsed since the establishment of the system in those cities,
the maturity and efficiency of their plans of instruction and
management are really surprising.
This is especially true of
Richmond , where the school officers have been greatly strength
SECOND ANNUAL REPORT OF THE
ened by the liberality of the city council, and the important
aid of the enlightened mayor. Already families are moving
into the city in order to obtain for their children the fine edu
cational advantages here presented . This happy state of things
will continue, if a spirit of justice and liberality be manifested
toward all faiths, races and parties.
THE COLORED PEOPLE
Continue to manifest a desire for education, as will be seen
by reference to the written reports and the statistical tables,
the latter showing in many counties a somewhatbetter average
of school attendance for the blacks than for the whites, and a
general average nearly as good.
The number of colored
schools is not as large as ofwhite , in proportion to population .
It is possible that in rare cases an unjust discrimination was
made against the colored people, and yet I have no sufficient
proof that such was the fact in any case. I feel satisfied that
the prevailing disposition among school officers was to dis
charge their duties without partiality and without hypocrisy.
The relative disparity in the number of schools may, I think ,
be ascribed mainly to the want of a sufficient number of teach
ers and of school houses for colored schools. Incompetent
teachers can always be had ; but such teachers are worse than
none, and the officers are forbidden to waste the public money
on worthless schools. The average ability of the teachers of
colored schools has been rising, partly because of the improved
feeling on the subject, and partly as a consequence of the edu
cational work which has for seven years been going on among
the colored people.
Educated colored teachers are becoming somewhat numer
ous, and more intelligent viewsare spreading among the masses
of that race. The Hampton Institute, and the Colored Normal
School and the Colver Institute in Richmond are doing a most
valuable work in giving to colored youth of both sexes a really
sound education , both general and special, and sending them
out into all parts of the State to become instructors and leaders
of their race. Some account of each of these schools is given
TIT
SUPERINTENDENT OF PUBLIC INSTRUCTION.
3
in the Appendix. But there must for a time continue to be a
deficiency of really competent teachers for colored schools.
The difficulty of procuring suitable school houses is another
serious hindrance to the progress of education among the
blacks. The district money bearing so small a proportion to
the public necessities, school accommodations are largely ob
tained by the use of old school houses, or by private subscrip
tions; and hence circumstances often give advantages to the
whites when no injustice is designed. The only remedy for this
is an adequate public provision.
It is pleasant to observe that our intelligent citizens are be
coming more and more favorable to the education of the Negro.
Had our people larger pecuniary ability, I am persuaded that
it would afford them only pleasure to furnish the means of
education to this class of our population . As it is, the property
holders feel oppressed by theburden of taxation, and many of
them naturally feel exasperated that the Congress of the United
States should so long have failed to grant aid in the heavy work
of educating the children of the freedmen . But the failure in
us to educate them would be far worse than all theburdens we
have to bear, and help will come sooner or later. Apart from
outside relief, the great educational work now going on in the
State will soon render a large return .
Last year I called attention to the deposits of the freedmen
in their savings banks as affording an evidence of thrift. As
my statements had reference chiefly to the financial exhibit of
the Freedmen 's Savings and Trust Company for the month of
August, 1871, I obtained its statement for August, 1872, and
find in it so much that is encouraging concerning this large
class of our population , that I have inserted it entire in the
Appendix. It will be seen that there are thirty- four of these
banks, of which four are in Virginia — in Richmond , Lynch
burg , Norfolk and Alexandria respectively. In August, 1871,
the deposits in the Richmond branch were $ 17,790, and in
August, 1872, $64,112, showing an increase of $ 46 ,322 . The
deposits in the four Virginia branches for August, 1872,
amounted $ 86 ,916 ; their total deposits from opening, $ 2 ,181,
885 .
The deposits in August, 1872, in all the branches footed
SECOND ANNUAL REPORT OF THE
up $ 1,461,207. Total from the beginning, $ 38,245 , 163. Bal
ance due depositors August 31, $ 4 ,244,478 . Balances draw 6
per cent. interest.
This money of the freedmen is gained by
productive labor, and is commonly employed by them for busi
ness or for buying homes.
COUNTY SUPERINTENDENTS OF SCHOOLS.
A comparison of the labors and the pay of these officers
will, I hope, satisfy every one of their faithfulness, of the
importance of their duties, and the inadequacy of their com
pensation . Their labors are so quietly performed that only
the record can reveal their extent ; whilst tongues of com
plaint are always blatant. Their record is impressively given
by the figures of table No. 8 . The average summary gives
it in brief: 138 days of actual work , comprising 48 teachers
examined , 78 visits paid to schools, 245 letters written , 828
miles travelled, and $ 92 51 of incidental expenses paid
out of their own pockets; whilst their average pay from all
sources was $ 497 75 gross, or $ 405 24 above official expenses.
This was equivalent to a per diem of $ 2 93. But it should . be
observed that the State gave them only $ 310 95 of this, which ,
when reduced by the amount of official expenses, leaves $ 218
44 as the net salary, or a per diem of $ 1 58. The additional
$ 186 80 was voted to them by the people of their counties.
By the present law they must run the gauntlet of school trus
tees, supervisors and county judges before they can get anything
beyond the $ 1 58.
In order, if possible , to give these officers their proper posi
tion in the public estimation, I will in Part II. demonstrate
systematically their vital importance in the school system . I
will here only add my emphatic testimony to the ability and
faithfulness of our county and city superintendents. I do not
mean to say that there have been no exceptions ; but with the
means of forming an intelligent judgment possessed by no one
else in the State to the same extent, I am satisfied that the tes
timony which I give applies justly to the largemajority of these
officers. And, after scanning the evidence from other States, I
SUPERINTENDENT OF PUBLIC INSTRUCTION .
feel safe in saying that our superintendents stand in the front
rank of their class in point of ability and efficiency, and at the
fag end in pay. Comparing them with other public servants
in our own State, which is probably as well officered in every
department as any State in the Union , any one may see that
whilst county superintendents stand high in the scale of per
sonalmerit and official importance, they are near the bottom in
remuneration .
THE SCHOOL TRUSTEES
Have, in most cases, discharged their duties with a reasonable
degree of attention : in individual cases, with devoted zeal.
The local school records are,with some exceptions, reported to
have been kept in a neat and systematic manner, and proper
vouchers taken for payments. The County School Board is a
most valuable organization .
Its proceedings in each county
will be specially reported on next year. The duties devolving
upon school trustees will rarely be discharged properly, until
each trustee receives some remuneration . Many of the town.
ships are of such unusually large size that it is very inconveni
ent to secure regular meetings of the School Boards ; and, in
attending the meetings of both District and County Boards,
trustees are sometimes of necessity subjected to personal ex
pense, which ought to be paid out of the local school funds ;
but as the law now stands, I have felt compelled to forbid all
appropriations for this purpose . The acts of Assembly which
were intended to remedy the evils resulting in particular cases
from the injudicious running of township lines, and from the
excessive size of some districts, will no doubt have a good
effect ; but as the modified arrangements are only just forming ,
no report can be made in regard to them until next year.
If
counties continue to reduce the number, and consequently to
enlarge the size , of the townships, some changes will have still
to be made in reference to districts . Either trustees must be
paid, or the districts must be made smaller. The former alter
native is greatly preferable . It is equally cheap and far better
to pay three men to serve one large district than to sub -divide
the district and pay three clerks.
SECOND ANNUAL REPORT OF THE
LOCAL SCHOOL TAXES.
It will be seen by reference to the letters of County Superin
tendents that the present law regulating the raising of local
school taxes is almost universally regarded as an improvement
on the former law . But still it will be observed that objection
is made to the power given to the supervisors and the county
judge to curtail and damage, if not to destroy, the means of
education in any county. These evil results have not occurred
generally, the supervisors and the county judge having in most
cases passed the estimates as furnished them by the school
authorities; but there were a number of exceptions to this , and
some very damaging ones. Our supervisors and county judges
seem generally to be as worthy and judicious a class of men as
any who hold office in the State ; but attention to school inte
rests is quite out of their line of duty, and they cannot be
expected to form an intelligent judgment as to the educational
wants of the people . Moreover, their thoughts being more
engaged with other objects of public interest, they might be
expected often from mere want of consideration to reduce the
school appropriation in order to give preference to some very
inferior interest; and as to forming an estimate of the value of
the labors of a Superintendent of Schools, scarcely anything
could be more outside of their sphere of observation . No doubt
our worthy county judges and supervisors would much prefer
that such questions should be left to the only class of citizens
who can be supposed to have the proper information on the
subject — a class of citizens who are in every respect worthy to
be trusted , viz : The school trustees.
A serious objection to placing the decision as to school esti
mates in the hands of supervisors is that the interests of educa
tion will thus bedragged into every localcontest, the school tax
will be made a shibboleth, and men will go into office simply
on that question. The working of this, although occasioning
present irregularities, will unquestionably strengthen the school
system in the long run ; but it would be attended by certain
ill- favored effects of a more remote character, which will occur
to the thoughtful mind. The intelligent observer of the indi
cations of the times must see the impolicy of unnecessarily
SUPERINTENDENT OF
PUBLIC
INSTRUCTION .
mixing up with popular elections matters which involve the
large property interests of the country.
The severe limitations placed by the present law upon the
raising of means for the support of schools will, I fear, have a
bad effect in many ways.
School privileges will be reduced in
80 many counties this current year that I dread the exhibit
which I must make in my next report. Bitter complaints will
abound when the result is seen and felt. No doubt strong
efforts will be made to supplement the public funds from pri
vate sources; and so far as these efforts are successful, the
statistical exhibit will be improved . But the people grow more
reluctant to draw on their private means for public purposes ,
and the operation of the plan of private additions is unequal
and unsatisfactory.
As intimated when speaking of the colored people, the sup
plemental plan gives an undue advantage to those who are well
supplied with private means. The neighborhoods which are
able to do this practically monopolize the funds. There are
many exceptions, produced by the generosity of those who thus
supplement the public provision. But this large-heartedness
should not be calculated upon in framing a policy . As long as
the public provision is insufficient, a strictly impartial adminis
tration is impossible. Those who have the least need will get
the largest share of the public money. And this would have
been the unfortunate result in a multitude of cases if the 44th
sec. of school law had been repealed. Butmore on this point
hereafter.
PROPOSED CHANGE IN THE TAX LAW .
The school system being now in the third year of actual ope
ration , being manifestly established in the convictions and
plansof the people , surely the time has come for giving it regu
larity , if not fullness, of operation . As already said, as the
law now stands , it is possible for the supervisors to cut the peo
ple off from all school privileges, or by failing to make appro
priations, leave the State money to be absorbed by the wealthy
neighborhoods. Is this wise ? Is it just to the people ?
I venture to suggest the following plan for the consideration
.
SECOND ANNUAL REPORT OF THE
of the General Assembly, as a compromise : Allow the several
School Boards to fix absolutely the rate of taxation up to the
present maximum of the law , leaving the option that far only
to them . Then legalize a certain higher maximum , and put
the increase at the discretion of the supervisors. So that a part
will be sure, and part contingent. One hundred and fifty to
one hundred and seventy - five thousand dollars more than was
expended last year would pay teachers for a full supply of pri
mary schools for the State.
All the other departments of the State government are fully
provided for by law . Why should this one be left in uncer
tainty ? Who would think of leaving the necessary expenses
of the legislative, executive or judiciary departments to the
discretion of any set of outside officers whatever ! Very pro
perly the law requires that all necessary expenses incurred in
the operation of those departments shall be paid ; and the only
thing left to be ascertained is, what are the expenses. But
when it comes to the department of public instruction , neces
sáry and vital appropriations are placed at the option of men
outside of the system , who, up to the maximum fixed by the
law , are left to be governed by any notions or fancies that may
happen to be uppermost. Supposing it should be proposed to
leave the fees and incidental expenses of courts of justice to
the discretion of the county school board , and the pay of the
county judge to the discretion of the county superintendent,
what would be thought of the scheme! Not much, I fear.
But if public education may be managed in this style, why not
public justice ? Is public education a matter of so little conse
quence as not to deserve a place among other great interests ;
are its officers of such inferior grade that they must not be
trusted to administer the system with the usual powers of ex
ecutive officers ? I cannot think that such disparagement was
designed , and yet, in fact, the position of our school officers is
one of humiliation , from which they naturally desire to be re
lieved .
CENSUS OF SCHOOL POPULATION .
The change made in the law concerning the taking of the
census of school population proves to have been an unfortunate
SUPERINTENDENT OF PUBLIC INSTRUCTION .
9
one. There is no economy in it, and there was scarcely a
county in the State in which the assessors performed the duty
satisfactorily. In some counties they neglected it wholly , and
where they pretended to do it, the lists returned often fell so
far short in number of the previous census as to be regarded
by school officers as unreliable and worthless. These com
plaints are so general that I feel it to be my duty to use the
census of the previous year as the basis for apportioningmoney
until more accurate lists can be obtained. The subject is one
of importance , and of some practical difficulty . The assessor
being paid by the hundred for names, is tempted to confine his
labors to the profitable neighborhoods, and to neglect those
where there is no property to be listed . On the other hand,
the district clerks, who previously took the census, being paid
by the day, might in some cases have been tempted to prolong
the work more than necessary ; or in others, not relishing the
service, they might have employed unsuitable persons to take
the census.
Inasmuch as a fair and lawful distribution of the school
money is possible only on the basis of accurate lists,it is hoped
the General Assembly will give attention to the matter. It is
not necessary to take this census every year. Could we obtain
one that might be relied upon , it would furnish a sufficiently
accurate basis for say five years.
The responsibility of taking this census ought, in my opinion ,
to be left where it properly belongs, with the school officers .
They alone appreciate the matter, and they alone can be sub
jected to a proper supervision. Accuracy is more important
than cheapness, and this leadsme to remark generally on the
evil of the
UNDUE COMPLICATION OF SCHOOL AFFAIRS
With other departments of the public service. This is one of
the dangers incident to newly established systems, and may
become one of their greatest drawbacks. We have erred
somewhat in this respect, as has already been intimated , and
by way of throwing out a caution , I here introduce an extract
from Dr. Sears' report on the progress of educational affairs in
10
SECOND ANNUAL REPORT OF THE
the Southern States during the last year. The summary which
he gives has reference to the whole field , and not to any par
ticular State :
“ The general aspect of education in the south has undergone no materialchange
during the past year. Great progress has indeed been made in the public mind on
this subject ; but various causes have been in operation in several of the States to
hinder a corresponding progress in action . The experiment of free schools, which
has now been made in every part of the country, has not yet entirely cleared away
the doubts and removed the opposition that have existed ; but the principal agents
in carrying into effect this great public measure have had a sufficient degree of suc
cess in extending, improving, and cheapening education , and thus awakening a
general interest and winning popular favor, to strengthen their confidence, and
place them and their enterprise beyond the fear of failure. On the other hand , the
hindrances to complete success, which have been serious in some of the more
southerly States, are not insurmountable ; but only such as are incident to the in
troduction of a new order of things among a people of far different traditions and
usages.
“ While therefore the principle of general education by public authority may be
considered as pretty well settled , the practicalapplication of it, and the adjustment
of plans of operation to the condition and wants of the people of each State, are
susceptible of great improvement, and require much consideration . Legislation ,
though well intended , having been undertaken with little preparation , and com
pleted in haste,by those who had no experience to guide them , has sometimes been
unfortunate , and almost always defective. Not unfrequently have offices been
needlessly multiplied and injudiciously distributed, overloading the organization
with supernumerary incumbents,embarrassing its action by divided responsibilities,
diminishing the chances of co-operation , and thus enfeebling if not obstructing its
whole operation . A system composed of so many parts, all mutually dependent
on each other, is easily thrown into disorder by the failure of some one of them to
perform its functions. The law authorizing a local tax may be vague and uncer
tain , and those who are opposed to paying it may resort to litigation , and thus
intimidate the school officers and dishearten the teachers . County courts, or the
constituted authorities for organizing county boards of education, may have no
interest in schools, and therefore may fail to act. Trustees of districts may not be
seasonably appointed or elected . He whose duty it is to take the census of the
children of a district or county may neglect that duty, and thus prevent or delay
the distribution of the public money. The remuneration of such officer may not
be sufficient to secure prompt service, and there may be no penalty to enforce it.
The local school tax , if there be provision for any , may not be levied or collected
in time. The State tax may not be paid into the treasury. The law requiring the
school fund to be kept distinct from other funds may not be observed, and unscru
pulousmen in office may use it for other purposes. The public lands appropriated
for schools may be at the disposal of parties indifferent to education , and the reve
nues may fail to come in . Thus the public schools may languish , or be suspended
for want of proper administration , even where the law had made ample provision
SUPERINTENDENT OF PUBLIC INSTRUCTION .
11
for them . Every one of the disorders here named, and others of like character,
have occurred during the year just closed.”
" In respect to the management of schoolsthere is great diversity in the different
States. Some have been judicious ; others more or less injudicious in their legisla
tion. Somehave been fortunate in their selection of men for office, and in a corres ponding degree successful in their measures; others have been disappointed and
discouraged . This diversity has rendered it impracticable to distribute the income
of the fund intrusted to your care according to any exact proportion. In someof
the States remarkable opportunities for conferring lasting benefits upon the people
have been offered us ; in others, the inducements have been such as to warrantonly
the usual amount of appropriations ; in others still, though the number is happily
small, discouragements exist for the present. Governed by these considerations, I
have deemed it best to scatter the seed with a liberal hand where the soil was well
prepared for it ; in less favorable circumstances to distribute it more sparingly, and
in extreme cases to withhold it till a more auspicious time shall arrive, which can
not be far distant. Permanent results have been steadily kept in view ,rather than
inadequate temporary relief, or fruitless charity.”
*
AGRICULTURAL AND MECHANICAL COLLEGE.
Having with the other members of the Board of Education
been honored by the Legislature with ex-officio membership of
the Board of Visitors of the proposed special institution , and
having been appointed by that Board chairman of a committee
to prepare a plan of organization and instruction for the col
lege, I thought it my duty to devote to that important work
whatever timemight be demanded for its proper performance ,
especially as the public officers throughout the State were en
trusted with the nomination of a large number of students.
My own views as to the proper use of the land scrip had for
years been settled. Whilst the matter was under discussion in
the Legislature of 1866 – 67, I addressed to the committee of
Schools and Colleges a long communication designed to show
that the fund should not be bestowed upon any literary institu
tion , but should be employed to create a technical school.
Subsequent reflection settled my mind more and more firmly
in that doctrine. I did not believe that there was an existing
popular demand for such a school, but I did believe that there
was a great popular want, or need of it, and that its creation
would gradually develop a consciousness of want succeeded by
an active patronage. Private schools generally being dependent
upon an immediate and profitable patronage, are compelled to
12
SECOND ANNUAL REPORT OF THE
shape their courses to suit the existing popular taste , and hence
can advance only as they can carry public sentiment with them .
But the theory of public education is that the State should go
ahead of the public taste, and by providing suitable schools,
and by other instrumentalities, should seek to enlighten the
mass of the people in the knowledge of their own deficiencies ,
and thus induce them to improve the opportunities offered .
That technical schools of agriculturaland mechanicalarts are
exceedingly useful, and may be made popular, is abundantly
proved in the report of the committee. That such a school is
greatly needed in Virginia must be perfectly evident to every
body. Really , the only question properly calling for decision
by the Legislature was, shall the State give this fund to a lite
rary institution, because our people do not yet feel their need
of a technical school, or shall it use the fund according to the
spirit of the grant in creating the proper sort of school, and
trust to the good sense of the people to see its advantages
sooner or later ?
I understood the Legislature to choose the latter, and as I
think , the wiser alternative. Year after year did that body
refuse the importunities of our literary institutions. Nothing
could ever be agreed upon in either house until in the winter
of 1870 -'71, the Senate passed a bill requiring that any insti
tution which might receive the fund should give up its nameand
distinctive character, and be fullymerged into a new agricul
tural and mechanical college. Then in the winter of '71- 2,
after a long struggle, theGeneral Assembly by a large majority,
besides giving a third to Hampton Institute , which was a tech
nical colored school already established, set apart the remaining
two-thirds to the establishment of a special school for the
whites. It accepted the offered property of Preston and Olin
Institute , swept away all its previous character and history, and
ordered the creation of a new institution , not for the special
benefit of any local or denominational, still less for any private
or individual interest, but for the benefit of the agricultural
and mechanical people of Virginia.
In view of all these considerations, the Board of Visitors
could not with propriety have created a tenth college in Vir
SUPERINTENDENT OF PUBLIC INSTRUCTION .
13
ginia out of the land scrip, or have done anything very different
from what they did . The report of that board , hereunto ap
pended , gives a full account of what was done, and the reason
ing on which action was based .
The prime difficulty which every technical school must con
tend with , is the a priori distrust of the practical classes.
To
an average farmer or mechanic, it seems absurd that a set of
college-bred gentlemen can teach practical occupations ; and
his confidence will not be gained until he sees the working and
the results of such an institution. And the more distinctive
and consistent the character of the school, the more rapidly
will the skepticism of the practical classes be removed . It is
the law of organic life , that its first period is the most perilous
in its history . It is so with every college, particularly with one
like this. Its chief peril lies in the temptation to sacrifice its
peculiar character for the sake of present popularity ; and when
this character is once gone, it is gone forever.
It is a curious
fact about schools that they never seek strength by pruning,
but always by grafting.
The weaker they get, the wider they
spread themselves . This is wretched policy in the long run. A
distinctive life, vigorously supported , is surest to win , and now
that institutions of liberal learning are so numerous, the ma
terial of education has become so vast, and its methods so
diversified , the newly created school which adopts some really
sound and useful specialty, and adheres to it, has the best
chances for ultimate success.
There must be a division of work
in education as in commerce and manufactures. The tendency
in our higher institutions to conform to onemodel is unfortu
nate . Where there is uniformity in means, there will be uni
formity in results. The graduates of similar institutions crowd
each other through life, just as their almamaters do. Without
technical schools , a few learned professions are overstocked ,
and brain power wasted , whilst at the same time the cardinal
pursuits on which all our prosperity is based are avoided by
educated men. The liberally -cultured landholder belongs to
the past rather than to the future. The soil owners will be
practical farmers, who, like mechanics, as a class , have never
patronized gymnastic colleges in any age or country, and they .
14
ND
SECO
AL
ANNU
RT
REPO
OF THE
never can or will ; and if their faculties are not quickened and
guided by sorne system of education that will take effect upon
them , and will put into their hands the systematized results of
experience and of scientific discovery, they will remain com
paratively unenlightened , and the Commonwealth will lag
miserably in the rear of those States and countries which are,
and have been , rapidly multiplying such schools with results so
marked as to astonish the world .
The question is not as to the relative merits of different
forms and methods of education , not as to whether colleges do
not develop the faculties better than technical schools, but
whether, in our schemes of education , we ought not to have a
variety of schools , to suit the variety of minds,means and ob
jects among the people, and whether this ought not to be done
systematically, and with more reference to the future than to
the present. One generation goeth and another cometh.
Schools brought into being, or forced into shape, under some
passing impulse of feeling, some accidental pressure, or some
narrow view of public need , are apt to have a mushroom exis
tence, or must be doctored and nursed all their lives ; whilst
schools wisely formed and planted grow like oaks, slowly , per
haps, very slowly at first ; yet strongly and permanently .
Young as America is, it is strewed over with innumerable
ruins of badly -planned and badly-located schools of learning.
In our impoverished state , we cannot afford such blundering.
Institutions should be located and framed with prudence, and
according to some comprehensive scheme. To do this pro
perly , not only requires study and foresight, but it requires
firmness on the part of those who manage such schools. But
the reward of patience comes sooner or later, and the true
patriot, rather than yield the right, will submit his conduct to
the decision of posterity , as did Thomas Jefferson , when en
gaged in founding our State University . When his motives
were misconstrued , and his actions unkindly criticized in the
foundation and early management of the University , grieved
and heartsick , he wrote to his friend, Mr. Cabell : “ It is from
posterity we are to expect remuneration for the sacrifices which
we are making for this service of time, quiet and good will ;
SUPERINTENDENT OF PUBLIC INSTRUCTION .
15
and I fear not the appeal. The multitude of fine young men
whom we shall redeem from ignorance, and who will feel that
they owe to us the elevation of mind, of character and station ,
they will be able to obtain from the result of our efforts, will
insure their remembering us with gratitude. Wewill not then
be weary in well doing.”
How fully posterity has vindicated the motives, and sanc
tioned the doings of the noble old patriot, all know very well.
The place of technical schools in a system of education will
be farther considered in Part II.
THE HAMPTON NORMAL AND AGRICULTURAL INSTITUTE,
to whose Board of Visitors the members of the Board of Edu
cation were attached, is a technical school of great value and
interest. I was prevented by the grounding of the steamer on
which I was travelling from attending the only meeting of its
Board of Visitors which has been held since my connection
with it ; but I was enabled to spend a day at the institution in
May, and was exceedingly gratified with all that I saw and
heard . Atmy request the Principal has furnished a statement,
which is printed in the Appendix to this report, and which is
worthy of careful perusal.
VISITATION OF SCHOOLS.
This important part of my official duties has of necessity
been slighted , though not wholly neglected . Apart from
extra services , my governmental, expository and literary duties
demand the great bulk of my time. In no other State that I
know of has the Superintendent of Public Instruction as many
duties as in ours. Circumstances seemed to render this proper ;
but as matters now stand , two men are needed for the full dis
charge of the duties of the office . My visits to our cities and
towns have only deepened my convictions as to the importance
of this branch of service:
FREE
TICKETS .
I have been honored with free tickets on our four principal
16
SECOND ANNUAL REPORT OF THE
lines of railway, the Chesapeake and Ohio , General W . C .
Wickham ; the Atlantic, Mississippi and Ohio , General Wm .
Mahone ; the Orange, Alexandria and Manassas, J. S. Bar
bour, Esq.; and the Washington and Ohio , Hon. Lewis Mc
Kenzie.
These passes have many times saved me personal expense ,
and more frequently the school funds of the State. I have
accepted the favor from these honorable corporations in the
spirit in which they were offered — as a tribute to my official
character, and as a contribution in aid of the great cause of
popular education.
W . H . RUFFNER,
Superintendent Public Instruɔtion .
SUPERINTENDENT OF PUBLIC INSTRUCTION .
17
DOCUMENTS
FORMING A PART OF THE REPORT OF THE SUPERIN
TENDENT OF PUBLIC INSTRUCTION .
COUNTY AND CITY SUPERINTENDENT OF SCHOOLS.
COUNTY OR CITY.
ERINTENDENT.
Post OFFICE.
Accomac ......................... James C . Weaver .............Onancock .
Albemarle ....................... D . P . Powers...................Scottsville.
Alexandria county and city .Richard L . Carne............... Alexandria .
Alleghany and Craig.........Robert L. Parrish.............Covington.
Amelia .. .. . . . . . . .. . . . . .. .... .. . . . . M . 1 . 1 . Dvan .
...............M . F. T. Evans................ Paineville.
Amherst ....... ................. W , B . Henley ..................Amberst C. H .
Appomattox.....................Chapman H . Chilton .........Spout Spring.
Augusta ..........................J. E . Guy ........................Staunton .
Bath and Highland.. ........J. Kenney Campbell .........Spruce Hill, Highland Co.
Bedford........... ...............Sidney L. Dunton.............Liberty.
Bland........... ............. William Hicks................. Bland C. H .
Botetourt.........................G . Gray ........................., Fincastle.
Brunswick.. .................... B. B . Wilkes....................Charlie Hope.
Buchanan..................... ..Jacob Baldwin .................Grundy.
Buckingham ........ ...........Wm . Merry Perkins .........Buckingham C. H .
Campbell ........................
R . T.
Lemmon .................
...R.
T. Lemmon..................Castle
Craig.
Caroline.......................... Thomas R. Dew ...............Rappahannock Academy.
Carroll
............D . B. Brown....................Hillsville.
Charles City and New Kent James A . Waddell ... ........Providence Forge, N . Kent.
Charlotte ......... ..............William W . Read..............Charlotte C. H .
Chesterfield ...................... B . A . Hancock ....... .......... Black Heath .
Clarke .......................... Jarvis Jennings................White Post.
Culpeper ..... ..................Robert E. Utterback .........Jeffersonton.
Cumberland .....................Richard P .Walton .............Cartersville.
Dinwiddie ........................ Roger P. Atkinson ............ Dinwiddie C. H .
Elizabeth City & Warwick ..George M . Peek .............. Hampton, Elizabeth City.
Essex .......... ...... ...
... J . G . Cannon ................... Tappahannock .
Fairfax
.........................D. McC . Chichester ...........Fairfax C. H .
Fauquier .............................William A . Cave................Salem
Fauquier county
county .
...Salem , Fauquier
Floyd....................... ......C . M . Stigleman ...............Floyd C . H .
Fluvanna ........................James O. Shepherd ...........Palmyra .
Franklin . ..................... Wm . A . Griffith................Gogginsville .
Frederick ....... .................. W . H . Gold ........ ............Winchester .
18
Giles
SECOND ANNUAL REPORT OF THE
............. James B. Peck..................Pearisburg.
Gloucester . ............ ........William E. Wiatt....... .....Gloucester C. H .
Goochland..................... .O . W Kean .....................Northside.
Grayson ................... .... Fielding R . Cornett...........Elk Creek.
Greene and Madison .........William A. Hill ...............Rapidan Station, Culpeper .
Greensville and Sussex......John K . Mason ...............Hicksford ,Greensville.
Halifax ............ ........ ......Henry E . Coleman .. ........South Boston .
Hanover .........................J. B. Brown .............. .....Negrofoot.
Henrico ...........................J. N . Powell................. .. Richmond.
Henry............................G . T. Griggs .....................Martinsville.
Isle of Wight ................... E . M . Morrison ...............Smithfield .
..Burnt Ordinary .
James City and York........James H . Allen .
King & Queen & Middlesex..J. Mason Evans...............Church View , Middlesex.
King George and Stafford ...Addison Borst. ...... ........Fredericksburg.
King William ..................J
ohnT. Lewis...............
......King
William Northumber
Heathsville,
C. H .
Cralle ................
berland .........
....... ...- La
I} A .Toralle
.........." land county .
Lancaster
and Northum
Lee
Lee . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ..William
A . Taylor......... ..Jonesville.
..
Loudoun ........................John W . Wildman ............Leesburg.
Louisa............................. L . J. Haley .....................Harris's.
Robert M . Williams...... Lunenburg C. H
Lunenburg
Lynchburg......................A. F. Biggers ..................Lynchburg .
Mecklenburg . .............. .Edward L . Baptist.......... .Boydton.
Montgomery .............. ...George G . Junkin ............Christiansburg .
Nansemond ................... ..R . L . Brewer.....................Churchland, Norfolk Co.
Nelson . ........................ .Patrick H . Cabell. ..........Variety Mills.
Mathews.........................G . Taylor Garnett ............Mathews C. H .
Norfolk county................,John T. West ......... ..........Lake Drummond.
.Norfolk .
.. W . W . Lamb
Norfolk city ..
Northampton ................. John S. Parker................ .Eastville.
Nottoway ....................... Thomas W . Sydnor...........Blacks and Whites.
Orange.................. ........Jaq. P. Taliaferro.. .........Orange C . H .
Page and Warren .............Martin P. Marshall........... Front Royal, Warren Co .
Patrick ............................A . Staples .......................Patrick C . H .
Petersburg ,. ....... ............Sidney H . Owens .............Petersburg .
Pittsylvania ....................George W . Dame.............Danville.
Portsmouth .....................James F .Crocker..............Portsmouth .
Powhatan .......................P. S. Dance ....................Powhatan C. H .
Prince Edward ................B. M . Smith ....................Hampden Sidney.
Prince George and Surry ....M . W . Raney ..................Prince George C . H .
Princess Anne..................Edgar B .Macon ...............London Bridge.
Prince William ................. W . W . Thornton ...............Brentsville.
Pulaski .......................... J. G . Cecil........................Newbern.
Rappahannock .................Henry Turner... ...............Woodville.
Richmond and Westmore - } W . W . Walker ............. 1 Oldham 's Cross Roads,
} Westmoreland Co.
land .
Richmond city....... ..........James H . Binford ...........Richmond.
Roanoke .......... ............. L . R . Holland .
.............Salem .
SUPERINTENDENT OF PUBLIC INSTRUCTION .
19
Rockbridge.....................J. L. Campbell.................Lexington .
Rockingham ..................George W . Holland........ ..Harrisonburg.
Russell .......................... E. D. Miller ....................New Garden .
Scott.... . ...
.George H . Kendrick .. ... .. .. . Point Truth .
Shenandoah......... ...........John H , Grabill ..............Woodstock.
Smyth ........................ ...D . C . Miller .......................Seven Mile Ford.
Southampton .......... ........James F. Bryant............. Franklin Depot.
Spotsylvania..... ............John Howison..................Fredericksburg.
Tazewell ......... ..............Jonathan Lyons..... ......... Tazewell C . ¥ .
Washington ..................... A. L. Hogshead ...............Osceola.
Wise ......
Wythe ...
............Wm. Wolfe... ..................Big StoneGap.
Wytheville.
..James D . Thomas....
WRITTEN REPORTS OF COUNTY AND CITY SUPERINTEN
DENTS OF SCHOOLS.
In connection with their annual statistical reports, Superintendents
were requested to make written statements on eleven points, which are
distinguished by italics on the following pages. The responses are em
braced in the abstracts and quotations given below , under their appro
priate heads :
1. History of public sentiment concerning public schools.
ACCOMAC. — “ Though considerable opposition has been manifested in
some sections to the schools, yet I think there is a steady improvement
among the masses in their favor, and this will grow in proportion as the
wants of the different neighborhoods can be supplied . We sadly need
houses in suitable localities, and are without means to build . This is
our greatest draw back , and affords the most effective weapon to our
foes. They dare not attack the schools outright, but endeavor to sow
discord and jealousy, by charging partiality upon school officers."
ALBEMARLE. — “ Public sentiment concerning public schools in this
county during the year has undergone a very great change in favor of
the system . We hardly ever hear anything said against the system
now , and almost all persons are willing now to patronize it.”
ALEXANDRIA CITY. “ Public sentiment is strongly in favor of the
schools. The finance committee of the city council having been
instructed to set apart $600 a month for school purposes, failed to do
so on account of the embarrassed condition of the city finances. On
my report of the matter, council took it out of the hands of the commit
tee, and confided it to the treasurer, paying up the quota already due,
in advance of all other claims.”
ALEXANDRIA COUNTY. — “ Everybody professes to be in favor of pub
SECOND ANNUAL REPORT OF THE
20
lic schools, but there are some secret enemies, and some dissensions.
about teachers, & c.”
ALLEGHANY AND CRAIG . — “ During the past year our schools have
gained rapidly in public favor. At first the system was received with
distrust, and the people were indisposed to yield a voluntary support ;
but now all are anxious to have a public school in the neighborhood,
and there are many complaints from those who cannot have them ."
AMELIA .— “ Opposition of the whites manifestly abating. A few
prominent men still affect dislike, but the masses are calling for more
schools . Notice the increase of white enrollment and average attend
ance, notwithstanding the decline in school population ."
AMHERST:— “ Public sentiment concerning public schools has,so far
as I have been able to observe, undergone no material change during
the last scholastic year. It still meets with a few open opposers, and
has some warm advocates ; but a large majority of the people are wil
ling to accept and give the system a fair trial. If there were sufficient
means, there would be no difficulty in making it a success."
APPOMATTOX. — “ We believe that the sentiment of the people is
largely in favor of public schools ; for the cry everywhere is, give us a
school.”
AUGUSTA. — “ At the beginning of the scholastic year, the people
generally took hold of the public schools with a good deal of energy ,
and wherever necessary to secure the services of competent teachers,
supplemented their salaries . In most instances the schools gave satisfac
tion , consequently public sentiment became more favorable to the public
echool system , and individuals who had formerly held off came in and
patronized the schools. There are still, however, many persons of pro
perty and influence who, from principle or interest, oppose the whole
system , while others are traditionally prejudiced against it, and both
classes accept it as a necessary evil imposed by the present constitution ,
to be borne only so long as good faith requires. Both classes are be
coming less numerous, and if the system were rendered self-supporting,
objectors would become less common.”
BATH AND HIGHLAND.— “ It is pleasing to announce that the public
sentiment of Bath and Highland concerning public free schools is
gradually and perceptibly changing and becoming more favorable to a
full and fair trial of the system as the people see more of its good re
sults, and become more familiar with its workings. Two years ago, it
must be confessed, a very large element of our population had pre
judged and decided against the system upon not the very best grounds,
and without even a fair investigation of the claimsof the system to our
support and favor. But this sentiment of hostility is gradually giving
way to the advancement of more enlightened views of the subject, and
a disposition to give it a fair trial, I believe, now actuates a large mass
of the people .
It is only a question of timewhen the present system of
public schools shall become the system in the popular mind , and even in
these sparsely settled and mountainous counties command and receive
SUPERINTENDENT OF PUBLIC INSTRUCTION.
21
the hearty and unqualified approval of the intelligent masses of the
people . Each succeeding year will find the popular mind better pre
pared to receive and encourage the schools, and will bring with it less
of hostility from the opponents of the system .”
BEDFORD. — “ The progress of public sentiment in regard to public
schools is encouraging to the friends of the system . True, there are
many objectors who are determined in their opposition , and earnest in
denunciation ; but the masses aremanifestly arriving at a true apprecia
tion of the advantages of the system , and would do all that the law
allows them to do to sustain it."
BLAND. — “ The year opened with great promise of success, which
has, in a great measure, been realized . Owing to a heavier tax tban
usual (being an average of about four mills in the dollar) for school pur
poses, and the great scarcity of money, at a time when our people are
paying for public buildings, a good many complaints have been made,
not so much against the school system as against its claims for means to
operate it. The comparative inexperience of many of our teachers has
not been favorable to our public schools ; but we are seeking to remove
this cause of complaint by a vigorous training of our young teachers ,
and by setting aside themost incompetent.
The lack of competency in
our teachers is mostly in the matter of government. Our people feel
that sparsely settled and poor counties, such as ours, have not been suf
ficiently cared for in the legislation had concerning public instruction .
This, together with mistakes made concerning the dog tax, the rescind
ing action of our Board of Supervisors, and the elation of the few who
oppose the school system , have somewhat discouraged the friends of the
system . But, still, the faith of our people in the adaptation of the sys
tem to the condition and wants of the masses is unshaken .”
BOTETOURT. - " I can truly say that the public sentiment in this connty
is altogether favorable to the public school system . I do not know of a
leading man opposed to it.”
BRUNSWICK .- " There is a considerable change in the public senti
ment of the county in relation to the present free school system .
It was
at first looked upon with great disfavor, but is now regarded with a
more favorable eye.”
BUCHANAN.— “ The people are in favor of free schools,but generally
opposed to the present system .” [ The latter clause is probably ex
plained in fourth answer. - S. P. J.]
BUCKINGHAM . — “ Public sentiment has continued to increase in favor
of the public free school system , there being very few avowed oppo
nents, and no active ones. Owing to a temporary high rate of county
taxes, caused by building a courthouse, & c ., the Board of Supervisors
failed to meet the wishes of the County School Board in levying a suf
ficient school tax for the year 1872-73, which it is thought the people
would cheerfully have paid . The school authorities hope that such will
not be the case hereafter. It is estimated that at least five-sixths of the
voters of Buckingham are advocates of the present free school system ."
22
SECOND ANNUAL REPORT OF THE
CAMPBELL. — " I commenced my official duties as superintendent of
schools on the 2d of October, 1871. At that time the fierce opposition
which the policy of public education encountered when first introduced
had abated, and its friends were being cheered with ihe gratifying prog
pect of fully realizing their anticipations of its ultimate success. Some
hostility still exists, but in rather a latent form , and only recognized
occasionally when an opportunity offers to throw obstacles in the way of
school officials when attempting to secure the necessary funds. The ju
dicious administration of the district trustees, and the courteous conduct
of the former superintendent disarmed many of its enemies, some of
whom are now enrolled amongst its most zealous advocates."
CAROLINE. — “ The public school system has increased in popular favor
during the year, a good many having become its friends and patrons who
were at first very hostile to it. If its benefits could be made universal,
there would be but little opposition to it."
CARROLL. — “ Public sentiment is largely in favor of the system . The
opposition is most generally found in those neighborhoods where schools
have not been established .”
CHARLES CITY AND NEW KENT. — " I regret that no favorable state
ment can be made of the progress of public sentiment concerning schools
in either of the two counties under my supervisi in .
The opposition of
a certain class has been manifested in many ways,whilst those who have
hitherto professed themselves friendly to the institution have given way
to discouragement and apathy. Several causes have contributed to this
result , among which I may mention as conspicuous the indifferent quali
fications of most of our teachers, the uncertain and uncomfortable char
acter of many of the school-houses, and the inability of school officers to
give satisfactory assurances for the future. There is much complaint
among the people , and to some extent well-founded, of the want of in
terest in the success of the schools manifested by the trustees.”
CHARLOTTE. — “ Wethink that during the year there has been some
change in public sentiment in favor of the public schools — particularly
amongst the more intelligent and reflecting, the class who chiefly pay
the taxes, and whose opposition would be most formidable.”
CHESTERFIELD. — “ Public sentiment has very greatly improved in
favor of public schools."
CLARKE — " Two years ago there existed in this county a very decided
hostility to any system of public education, and I believe, had the ques
tion been voted on by the white citizens, it would have been defeated
by a considerable majority . It has been steadily growing in public
favor, and especially during the past year. Now there is no serious op
position, and the coming year, for the first time, I think all classes in all
parts of the county will patronize the public schools. The school officers
have not always been able to give full satisfaction in locating school
houses and employing teachers, but have come as near to it as could
have been expected . We occasionally hear of complaints against the
system , chiefly on the ground that a large portion of the money raised
SUPERINTENDENT OF PUBLIC INSTRUCTION .
23
in this county by the State school tax is expended elsewhere. We re
ceive less than half of the sum paid . Our supervisors are all from the
class originally opposed to public schools, and yet they levied the full
amount allowed by law . I think it can truthfully be said that the pub
lic schoolsystem is firmly established in this county.”
CULPEPER. — “ Favorable . If each neighborhood had a school, there
would be very little opposition or dissatisfaction.”
CUMBERLAND.— " The open opposition to this system of public schools,
which manifested itself as soon as the voting commenced in the spring
of 1871, continued in this county during a part of the scholastic year
just closed . This opposition , I have reason to believe, was not general,
and never would have been manifested but for the voting ; and I affirm
it asmy belief that there was no point in any opposition except this ;
and though this was manifested by many in each of the districts of the
county , yet in each one, so far as I could judge, it was awakened by a
few , very few men, who held out the idea thatthis taxmight be avoided
and ought. As a consequence of this , the trustees in one district were
presented by the grand jury , and in another an injunction was obtained
restraining the district collector from collecting the district tax . This
suit was prosecuted with much apparent zeal and earnestness, until the
injunction bill was fully answered , and then dismissed at the cost of the
prosecutors. I think this was a real good to the cause, because it was
then seen to be futile and useless, if not really hurtful to the parties en
gaged, in money and character. There were then , as now , very many
strong friends to this system of education , but many of them did not
and could not withstand the cry against ' increased taxation . Notwith
standing this opposition the schools steadily increased in numbers and
usefulness ; and I believe now , as before, that if we had full means to
establish a sufficient number of schools with good teachers, and no vote
on anything by people , supervisors, or judges, the system would be as
popular and useful as it could be made among a sparsely settled people .
I believe there would be community of feeling and purpose , as there is
of interest. Indeed, although we have had these drawbacks (and they
have been considerable and much to be deplored ) , the system is becom
ing more and more in favor with all classes, and I am constantly urged
to use all the means at my command to increase the amount of funds
for this purpose, so that the number of schools may be increased to a
full supply for all parts of the county . It is very common to hear tax
payers say, ' I had rather pay double, or more than double, so I can get
the benefit of what I do pay. One thing is certain , the schools have pro
gressed well,and without a well-sustained objection to them , so that at the
they have been, and firmer and more productive of good than even their
warmest friends supposed . They are doing great good, or education of
mind and morals is without good results. Our trustees have been faith
present writing (August 31st, 1872) they are on a firmer basis than ever
ful and efficient, and that too in the face of the fact that they are not
only without pay, but are constantly held liable to annoyances and pro
bable personal pecuniary loss. They ought to be paid , and I hope will
be. One considerable hindrance to our progress and safe steerage is the
24
.
SECOND ANNUAL REPORT OF THE
doubt and uncertainty as to what amount we will realize from
State
fund ' every year. I hope there is some remedy for this, and suggest
that the Second Auditor be required to advertise a certain amount for
each person between the ages of five and twenty-one years at the begin
ning of each scholastic year. Let this amount be fully within bounds.
for the first year or two, and then we can see and know what we are
doing; and he will have such an increase from the amount left over for
this time as to insure to us within that timemore than we now get. My
own report shows that during the year I have travelled about fifteen
hundred miles in the interest of this cause ; have been obliged to draw
upon my salary for the sum of $83 , and have been occupied about 160
days in the work — with what result, a personal enquiry and inspection
of the work alone can tell.”
DINWIDDIE.— “ Favorable."
ELIZABETH CITY AND WARWICK. — “ Public sentiment in the two
counties under my supervision has from the beginning been decidedly in
favor of public free schools.
The people have, with few exceptions,
manifested a marked interest in the success of the public school system ,
and have very generally given them the aid of their influence and
patronage. Considerable dissatisfaction , however, exists because of the
short term for which the schools are maintained, the people preferring
to be taxed heavier in order to receive the benefit of a longer term . In
order to meet this objection , during the last school year I sought to pro
long the session of the public schools in the county of Elizabeth City to
the full term of ninemonths, by changing to some extent their public
character , and by appealing to the people to sustain them by private
subscription, and am glad to say that success was attained in every in
stance but one. The printed circular accompanying this report will ex
plain the manner and the terms on which the schools were continued for
a session of ten instead of nine months.”
Essex. — “ The financial condition of our people caused them willingly
and gladly to accept a uniform system of public instruction . A large
majority have from the beginning given it their hearty support.
A fac
tiousminority has always interposed , but has grown less and less, until
now it may justly be considered a nonentity as to influence and intelli
gence."
FAIRFAX . — “ If there has been any change in public sentiment, it has
grown more favorable to the system .
FAUQUIER. — " Ignorance of the public school system and prejudice
against it were the leading obstacles to overcome. It is gratifying to
state that ignorance is becoming enlightened and prejudice, to a great
extent, removed. The cultivated, liberal-minded "men of the county
comprehend the fact that education is cheaper than crime and pauper
ism . Public sentiment, therefore, is daily becoming more favorable. It
is healthy and progressive. The masses look upon the public school
system as their hope of elevation and prosperity .”
FLOYD.— “ There being no election for the school system , the few
SUPERINTENDENT OF PUBLIC INSTRUCTION .
noisy anti-school men wehad last year have ceased their opposition, and
among them may be found some of its warmest advocates. Public senti
ment, when we can supply the want of suitable school houses, will be
firmly established in its favor. The Legislature must do something to
supply this want."
FLUVANNA. “ With the exception of a few localities where we have
been unfortunate in the appointment of teachers, or that have not had
schools located near them , the public schools have gained in public favor
very decidedly . In the aggregate, they are regarded with more and
more favor."
FRANKLIN. - " I think public sentiment is almost entirely in favor of
the system . Persons heretofore holding strong prejudices against it are
now among its warmest friends."
FREDERICK . - " The circumstances which gave birth to the public
school system were such as to repress whatever disposition to favor
general education might have existed on the part of the greatmass of
our most intelligent and best citizens. During the two years it has
been in operation , there has been some change of sentiment both ways.
Judging of its possibilities, with sufficient resources to make it fully ef
fective, and trusting that some mode of raising and apportioning these
resources more just and equable may be devised, many are prepared to
give it their support : whilst others looking only to actual results (so
far short of our educational necessities) express their doubts as to its
ever working. Taking into consideration some peculiar disadvantages
our county has labored under, it is satisfactory that we are entering
upon the present year with confidence that we will make an advance.”
GILES. — " At the beginning of the year the public sentiment of this
county was manifestly opposed to the present system of free schools .
Themost violent opponents of the system were to be found among the
wealthier classes and heavy tax payers of the county, and their senti
ments, being diffused among their tenants, created a good deal of dis
satisfaction among the poorer classes, whose opinions on questions
relating to political economy are made to conform to the wishes of those
upon whom they are dependent for their bread. This opposition bas,
during the past year, undergone a very great change ; public sentiment
has been revolutionized, and if the expenses of the system could be
curtailed, I think that our people would cheerfully support the system .”
GLOUCESTER. " Public sentiment is more favorable to the public
school system . The mass of the people appreciates its necessity.”
GOOCHLAND. — “ There is but little to be said in regard to the state of
public sentiment concerning public schools. While no very marked
change is observable, I think, on the whole, the system is growing in
favor, and believe that this favor will increase in a progressive ratio .'
GRAYSON . — “ There has been some strong opposition to the system ,
and no small amount of difficulty for school officers to overcome; yet
the work is going on well, and gaining general favor, and the system
4
26
SECOND ANNUAL REPORT OF THE
only needs means to enable the officers to move forward to become per
manent in this county.”
GREENE AND MADISON.— “ In proportion to the developmentand dif
fusion of the plans and workings of public schools, our people become
interested in them . True, we have not been without our troubles ; and
it may be said of us, as of others, now as well as heretofore, of this
scheme of philanthropy, as of its predecessors, it has brought forth its
own carpers. It has reared up its own blind or interested opponents,
who are ever ready to retard that in which they refuse to participate,
not because it is bad, but because it is good, and they are too ignorant
or too selfish to lend a helping hand. Still, we have much to encourage
us.
Difficulties, apparently insurmountable, are no longer in the way .
Men who did not see, because , as they admit , they would not, are now
co -workers in the common cause, and seem willing to make haste in put
ting up what their own blindness attempted to pull down.”
GREENSVILLE AND SUSSEX.— “ Whilst there are still some who oppose
the school system , a large majority , however, have come over to us, and
areworking earnestly for the advancement and prosperity of the cause.”
HALIFAX.— " In the report of last year it was stated that the senti
ment of the county was more favorable to public schools, at the close,
than at the beginning of the year.
The same statement is true as to
this year; yet there has been dissatisfaction and complaint in several
localities ; but these seem to have been attributable more to alleged
localmismanagement than to any opposition to the schools. This county ,
one of the most wealthy and populous in the State, and at the same time
one of the most intelligent and refined , was particularly opposed to the
public school system . This public sentiment, founded upor prejudice,
was strengthened and nourished by theexpression of opinion on the partof
prominent and influential individuals, and became deep -rooted, and al
most universal. The constitution, with the public school system engrafted
upon it, was accepted only as the best which , under the circumstances,
could be done. The school system was still unpopular and distasteful.
When under the constitution it was introduced and practically com
menced, people began to think and talk about it ; and the fact that they
had to be taxed for its support operated no little upon their minds
through their pockets. And the thinking and talking about it natu - .
rally induced them to seek for information . This somewhat removed
their prejudices and preconceived opinions ; and the system has con
tinued to grow in public favor. This growth has been gradual, but
steady, and with an increasing ratio. It has been principally among the
middle class. But even among the more intelligent and wealthy it has
been increasing in favor.”
HANOVER. — “ I am confident that prejudice and opposition are grad
ually , but surely, giving away before the light and practical experience
of the day. The only opposition I ever had to contend against pro
ceeded from the disappointed, and a few educated and well-disposed ,
who contended that education created hopes and aspirations that could
never be realized by the laboring classes. This class of objectors is very
SUPERINTENDENT OF PUBLIC INSTRUCTION .
27
small, and claims to be as exclusive as small. A large majority of the
educated and Christian portion of our people earnestly advocate popu
lar education. Give us money , and all trouble will be removed.”
HENRICO. — “ Public sentiment is no less in favor of public free schools
than when I submitted my annual report for the year 1871. If there
be any difference , perhaps, they are growing in favor; but the people
are much disposed to grumble, because the schools are sometimes dis
continued before the close of the session for the want of funds, and also
because every man cannot have a school at his own door.”
HENRY. — “ Public sentiment concerning public schools in this county
has undergone no susceptible change during the year. The people are
generally clamorous for more schools : all seeming anxious to have at
least one 5-months' session taught during a year in their respective
neighborhoods."
ISLE OF WIGHT. — “ The public schools are popular with the great
majority of the people of my county, and the only opposition advanced
against the system is the method of raising the funds by which they are
principally carried on, viz : the tax on property, and not by capitation
tax. Of course the State constitution has settled that question."
JAMES CITY AND YORK . — “ Public sentimentmost favorable . If the
continuance of the present system were put to the vote , I do not think
that James City, York and Williamsburg would poll 50 votes against
it."
KING GEORGE AND STAFFORD. — “ While there are still a few turbu
lent spirits among us, I have to report a considerable abatement of hos
tility to the school system . Many who complained that the voting
system was extremely offensive, have given in their adhesion , now that
it has been abolished. Many have been made to realize the exalted
purpose of the school system , and the earnest, unselfish zeal of many of
its officers, while there are others willing, but afraid to oppose us. They
are of that class who
• Damn with faint praise, assent with civil leer ;
And , without sneering, teach the rest to sneer :
Willing to wound, and yet afraid to strike,
Just hint a fault, and hesitate dislike.'” .
KING & QUEEN AND MIDDLESEX. — “ Public sentiment is generally
favorable , and if the funds justified an extension of the terms, I believe
it would soon become universally so . What opposition exists constitutes
but little hindrance to the work.”
King William .— “ A largemajority take little or no interest in pub
lic education, and give no thought to the matter, except as regards
taxes for its support; others avail themselves of the privilege, but look
to Hercules to do everything, and do not appreciate the favor. There
are exceptions to these sentiments.”
LANCASTER AND NORTHUMBERLAND. — “ There has not been any very
marked change in public sentiment; a few are more vehement in their
denunciations.”
28
SECOND ANNUAL REPORT OF THE
LEE. — “ I think I can truly say that the public free school system has
been growing steadily in favor with the people during the year. If
demagogues would only let us alone, wewould soon all be fast friends of
the system .”
LOUDOUN. - " The present system of public instruction, on its intro
duction in this county, encountered the most determined opposition by
the educated and refined portion of the community, who regarded it as
an organization to promote the interests and elevate the condition of the
negroes and lower classes of whites at the expense of the property
holders. They considered themselves excluded from all participation in
the benefits of a system in which the character of the instructors and
accommodations would not meet their wants and expectations. Conse
quently , the public schools were attended by those only whose parents
were unable to make any better provision for the education of their chil
dren . The very limited amount of funds in the control of the trustees
prevented the employment by them of thoroughly competent and ex
perienced teachers, whose attainments would secure them positions
where their talents could be profitably employed and their labors re
warded. In fixing the standard of qualifications, we were therefore
necessarily compelled to be satisfied with a very low grade. This was
much regretted, as none but efficient and approved teachers should ever
have been perunitted to direct the studies of our children . During the
first year the subject was agitated and discussed very freely, and
through the influence and co-operation of the friends of education in
various sections of the county , a more favorable disposition was pro
duced . The people began to lay aside prejudice, and take a sober and
impartial view of the subject. The opening of the graded school in
Leesburg, conducted by teachers of reputation, and patronized by all
classes of the community, induced persons in other parts of the county
to unite in the effort to elevate the character of their schools. The
people in each township began to manifest a general disposition to assist
by liberal contributions in devising plans for the promotion of school
interests. A short time since I published a call for meetings of the
villages of Waterford and Lovettsville, and after presenting the claims
of the cause in the strongest possible light, and appealing in behalf of
the children to the liberality of the patrons, I secured a supplementary
fund in the former village of $550, and in the latter of $ 450. Our
schools are now in a fair way to succeed .”
Louisa. — “ I think I may say, with entire truthfulness, that public
sentiment in our county bas become, and is becoming, much more libe
ral and co-operative with the public school system . The public mind is
set in that direction , and in the future we shall be concerned only in the
improvement and perfection of the system . It is to this, I think , the
minds of our public men , in the legislative halls especially, should be
directed.”
LUNENBURG .— “ The public sentiment in the county is largely in favor
of the public free schools. The name of nearly every family in the
county is on the school rolls. But there is shown some little opposition
to raising funds for their support about the timeof election.
SUPERINTENDENT OF PUBLIC INSTRUCTION .
LYNCHBURG . — “ Public sentiment has steadily undergone a change in
our favor during the year, until now few have the temerity to avow
themselves opposers. Every appeal to the Council for pecuniary assist
ance has been responded to with cheerfulness and alacrity . The high
schools have made very rapid progress, as well as the schools of lower
grade. Our attendance is large and increasing. As an evidence of
popular confidence and approval, I may mention that the number of ad
vanced girls in attendance is increasing in the greatest ratio.”
MECKLENBURG . — “ I believe that opposition to the public school sys
tem has almost ceased, and feel sure this is the case with the intelligent,
thinking portion of our people . In South Hill township , where the op
position was greatest, the people are looking upon the system with some
degree of favor.
I do not know half a dozen citizens of influence in the
county who do not express themselves as friendly to the system .”
MONTGOMERY . — “ The public free school system , during the past year,
has been steadily growing in favor with the people : a fact which is
proven by a general awakening on the subject of education. The trus
tees are beset with applications for the establishment of schools for the
coming year, and liberal efforts are making all over the county for the
erection of school-houses. In most instances land is granted for sites,
and the public appear willing to co -operate cordially with the school
authorities.
One district , which in 71 defeated the district tax , in '72
carried it by an almost unanimous vote. Yet, there are a number of
Bourbons, who are anxiously awaiting an opportunity to pronounce the
system a failure, and would strike it down, if possible . Many, however,
who have heretofore occupied that position, are now co -operating with
us ; and if the Commonwealth will but display a moiety of the liberality
of those States which have well-established public school systems, in
furnishing the necessary funds, the numbers of this opposition will re
duce to insignificance.”
NANSEMOND . - " There has been a more liberal feeling prevailing in
this county in regard to public schools this year than last. This is evi
denced from the fact that for the present scholastic year we have both
a county and dog tax to add to the State fund to pay teachers . Last
year we had neither. It is true the tax is small, but it shows progress
in the right direction. From my personal intercourse with the people ,
I am fully satisfied that the system is gradually growing in favor with
the public.”
NELSON.- " The sentiment of this county is decidedly favorable to
the public school system , and there is a growing interest in the cause of
education . Persons who were two years ago openly hostile to the sys
tem are now clamorous for schools.
There is now no opposition to the
system , but a constant complaint that it fails to offer accommodation to
all. A very large majority of our tax-payers would cheerfully acqui
esce in raising any amount necessary to put the system on a firm footing,
and to employ teachers of süch grade as would meet the demands of all
classes."
30
SECOND ANNUAL REPORT OF THE
NORFOLK CITY. — " There has been for many years a strong popular
current in favor of public schools in this city. In fact, at one time their
establishment was made an issue in our local elections.
When the
schools were first opened by the city, there was a general rush of ap
plicants from all classes, seeking admission . After a while , however,
there seemed to arise a prejudice against these schools on the part of
many of our citizens, from an impression that health and morals would
bo h be endangered , from a too promiscuous mingling of all elements of
society . The introduction of thorough sanitary regulations, and the
uniformly correct deportment of the children attending these schools ,
soon attracted universal attention , and has had a most happy effect in
removing this prejudice. We can now congratulate ourselves that this
interest is fully reviving among our citizens, and especially during the
past session was it manifested , so much so that we have every reason to
expect that the day is not far distant when the public voice will compel
our City Board to provide, what is now a felt need, a high school, under
the thorough regulations and discipline of our public school system .”
NORFOLK COUNTY. — " The schools are growing daily more popular,
and should the State provide funds sufficient to run them ten instead of
fivemonths wewould find but few enemies.'
NORTHAMPTON.— “ Public sentiment is gradually becoming more fa
vorable .”
NOTTOWAY.-— " Public sentiment is increasing in regard to the effi
ciency of public schools. The large majority approve of, and the most
influential patronize, while only a small minority cavil and condemn,
and even these are found chiefly among those who have no children to
educate ,or whose peculiar location deprives them of its benefits.”
ORANGE. — “ I have commenced a series of addresses on the public
schools, and will continue them in every part of the county. I am
pleased to report decided evidences of a change in public sentiment fa
vorable to the schools."
PATRICK . — “ Public sentiment is decidedly in favor of free schools in
this county . Quite a change has taken place in behalf of education.
Our best men - those who at first were indifferent ; among them our
county Delegate - have decided to give the cause their influence. The
latter gentleman is working for us like a man.”
PETERSBURG . — “ The history of public sentiment is very similar to
that in cities generally.
The inauguration of the public school system
finds a portion of citizens opposed ard the rest either friendly or indif
ferent. " The enemies of education, finding themselves in an unpopular
minority , gradually abandon their professed hostility , and try either to
make the public schools virtually church schools , or urge the establish
ment of parish or church schools, wherein ( şince public sentiment has
decreed that the children must be educated ) the children may be biased
in favor of some particular church. The last stage of hostility to pub
lic education is that well illustrated in the history of the last twelve
months, detailed in the following pages. The position is assumed
SUPERINTENDENT OF PUBLIC INSTRUCTION .
31
(tacitly, often ) that public schools, while tolerated, must not be good
enough to rival private schools ; that they must not be allowed to attain
such efficiency as will gain the favor of parents able to pay the private
school teacher ; that, especially, such discipline as makes it apparent
that public schools are not objectionable to the careful parent on account
of the morals and manners of the pupils must be prevented or thwarted .
In the character of our teachers, the morality of our pupils, and the
thoroughness of instruction shown in the examinations, parents came to
see that no expense would secure them greater advantages than were
offered them in the free schools, and the exodus from private schools
began . The enemies of public education becamealarmed . [ Some diffi
culties of a personal character are next detailed .]
PITTSYLVANIA. — “ Public sentiment has been rapidly growing in favor
of the free schools ; and its growth has been and will be in proportion
to the higher qualifications of the teachers, and the increased and im
proved arrangements for teaching . Two things only are required to
make the free schools a decided success in favor and in operation — viz.,
neat, commodious and well- furnished school-houses, and a higher grade
of scholarship .”
PORTSMOUTH.-- " There is a strong general public sentiment in favor
of public schools ; yet there are a few who object to public schools on
principle, or a larger number who object to being taxed to educate the
blacks.
POWHATAN.— “ More favorable.”
PRINCE EDWARD. — “ No marked change in opposition and apathy on
part of whites, other than those interested. Great difficulty in pro
curing trustees of any value, due to this cause. The system , likemany
other changes of the time, submitted to in sullen reluctance.”
PRINCESS ANNE. — “ Since voting on the school tax by the people has
been abolished the school system has become more popular, and , with a
few exceptions, all are anxious to have schools.”
PRINCE GEORGE AND SURRY.— “ 'Tis difficult to ascertain what is pub
lic sentiment concerning public schools. It is believed that the white
tax-payers are not generally more favorably disposed than formerly,
but they make fewer public complaints. A majority of the voters favor
the system .”
PRINCE WILLIAM . - " The location of school-houses excited some little
feeling of opposition , which I think will soon die away, and it will con
tinue to grow popular.”
PULASKI. — “ There has existed, and still exists with thewealthy class ,
a negative hostility to the public free school system . Very few heavy
tax-payers are in sympathy with the institution . This opposition, or
rather want of sympathy, has undergone to some extent a favorable
change during the past year. The masses of the people are evidently
in favor of the system , but many of them entertain very impracticable
views as to its application .”
32
SECOND ANNUAL REPORT OF THE
RAPPAHANNOCK . - “ Public sentiment in this county is in the main
favorable to public schools now ; and although some complain of the
injustice , as they call it, of being taxed to educate other people's chil
dren, I think our citizens would be very unwilling to give up the
system .
I have to regret that some parents cannot be awakened to the
importance of sending their children to school regularly ."
RICHMOND CITY. — " It affords me great gratification to inform you
that public sentiment has continued to grow more and more healthy in
reference to our public school system . During the past session a large
number of our prominent citizens sent their children to our schools,and
I am daily receiving applications from others who desire to avail them
selves of what they are pleased to call “ the superior advantages offered
in the public schools."
RICHMOND AND WESTMORELAND. - “ Public sentiment is , I think , be
coming more favorable. The greatest trouble is that this clamor of the
people compels the multiplication of the schools to an extent that the
funds at command will not justify, and in consequence the character of
them cannot be made as high as it ought to be.”
ROANOKE. — “ Public sentiment concerning public schools has greatly
improved during the year. In fact, they may now be said to be popu
lar, the little opposition manifested being confined almost exclusively to
that class of persons who are not directly benefitted , and who have not
sufficient cultivation to appreciate the advantages of a general diffusion
of knowledge. The schools have been liberally patronized by our very
best and most influential citizens, and throughout the county have been
pronounced far superior to those in existence before the introduction of
the present system . The number of pupils enrolled exceeds that of last
year by nearly 65 per cent. The supervisors promptly and unanimously
levied the maximum rate of taxation, and expressed a regret that they
were not permitted to do more.”
ROCKBRIDGE. — “ During the past year public sentiment has been
gradually becoming more favorable to public schools in most parts of the
county ; though with some persons there is still strong opposition , chiefly
however among those who pay large amounts of tax, and who either
have no children to educate, or, if they have, prefer to send them to
private schools."
· ROCKINGHAM .- " The public schools are gradually growing in favor
withi the masses."
RUSSELL. — " I am highly gratified to report that public sentiment,
which was almost entirely against us last year, was considerably in our
favor this year, though we have some few noisy opponents, yet but few
compared with last year.”
Scott. — “ There is still some prejudice against the system ; but, as a
general thing, I think it is confined to those who do not fully understand
it ; however, I am assured that the public sentiment is more favorable to
it than it was when first put into operation."
SUPERINTENDENT OF PUBLIC INSTRUCTION .
33
SHENANDOAH . — “ Public sentiment has been favorable. The people
have manifested considerable interest in the subject.”
SMYTH . — “ The people of this county are , for the most part, in favor
of public schools, and are in advance of the officials and legislators, who
have the tax to lay.”
SOUTHAMPTON.— “ Public sentiment is gradually growing in favor of
the public school system , under the settled conviction that it is now a
permanently -established institution . Public expressions of opposition
to the system have ceased ,and those who were loudest in opposition two
years ago, are now quiet on the subject, though some of them have not
yet changed their views. This is due chiefly to the abolition of the vot
ing system .”
SPOTSYLVANIA. — “ Public sentiment is not favorable to the system of
public free schools in the county of Spotsylvania . Most of the people
are land holders, and they think their interest unjustly dealt with , and
their prejudice against colored schools is very strong. Nevertheless, the
colored vote, together with that of the white non -property holders ,
gives a preponderance in favor of the schools.”
TAZEWELL.— " As to the history of the views and opinions of our
people in regard to the public school system , I may say there is still
considerable diversity . However , the opponents are few and the advo
cates are many. Nearly all our best citizens now say, ' let us give it a
fair trial.' If it can be extended so as to meet the wants of all classes,
both for lower and higher common education , it will become in the end
exceedingly popular in our rural districts. I may safely say that its
history presents a brighter and more interesting page than that of the
first year, although then it was a great success, considering the many
difficulties connected with its introduction . The popular favor in re
gard to our schools is manifest from the readiness with which our
Supervisors this year granted all that the school officers asked of them ,
and that to the extent of the law , as well as from the fact that the at
tendance upon our schools during the last year shows an increase of
over twenty per cent. on the first year. There is at present a general
demand for better teachers, which I consider also a very decisive proof
of a healthy development of the system .”
WASHINGTON. — “ Public sentiment is growing somewhat more favora
ble towards the public schools. The opposition is not so violent. There
is still some dissatisfaction , growing out of the inadequacy of the funds,
and the consequent imperfect working of the system . The maximum
of the county tax ought to be raised to at least ten cents ; or, what
would be more satisfactory to the people, let the Legislature put on five
or ten cents more State tax, and leave the county maximum as at pre
sent.”
WISE . — “ The people generally seem to havemanifested an increasing
interest in the public free schools in this county during the last scholas
tic year.”
SECOND ANNUAL REPORT OF THE
34
WYTHE. — “ Public sentiment is increasing in favor as school opera
tions are understood .”
2. Have the colored people continued to manifest a great desire for
education .
ACCOMAC. — “ The colored people manifest the same desire for their
schools as formerly . It is very much to be regretted that teachers can
not be had for them in sufficient numbers. I am making arrangements
to increase their schools as rapidly as teachers can be supplied .”
ALBEMARLE. — “ The colored people have continued to manifest a very
great desire for education , attending the schools in larger numbers and
more regularly than the whites.”
ALEXANDRIA CITY. — “ I think the colored people show decidedly less
desire for education than they did when the schools were first opened .”
ALEXANDRIA County. — “ The interest of the colored people in edu
cation seems to be increasing."
ALLEGHANY AND CRAIG .— “ The colored people have continued to
manifest a wholesome desire for mental training.'
AMELIA.— “ The colored people still express satisfaction in the sys
tem ; but their enrollment and average attendance have markedly de
clined with the school population. The special interest arising from
novelty is no doubt wearing off ; but my impression is that the want of
increased attendance is due to the pressure of poverty. Their children
are kept at home to work .”
AMHERST.— " The colored people, as a general thing, desire to be
educated.”
APPOMATTOX.— “ We have seen no abatement of desire among the
colored people for education ."
AUGUSTA.— “ I observe no special diminution in the desire manifested
by the colored people for education. On the contrary, though generally
poor, they have in many instances shown a liberality of labor and means
in building houses and supplementing salaries worthy of imitation by
the whites, while the children have sometimes walked from four to five
miles in attending school, and have progressed satisfactorily in their
studies.”
BATH AND HIGHLAND. — " The colored people have in some localities
manifested a desire for education , especially in those neighborhoods af
fording a sufficient number of children to form a school ; though butone
colored school was opened during the year, and that one in Highland.
After a trial of two months, it was found impossible to keep up the
average to twenty , and the trustees discontinued the school. In two
other neighborhoods, destitute of school-houses, the colored people have
commenced the erection and nearly completed two new log houses en
tirely at their own expense, and will no doubt try to get teachers this
winter. The trustees are disposed to promise them a fair share of pub
SUPERINTENDENT OF PUBLIC INSTRUCTION.
lic funds. But this class of our population in these two counties is so
widely dispersed , and such the extreme poverty generally, that four
fifths of the children must grow up in ignorance even of the simplest
elements of an education, unless the influence of the church , through
the Sabbath schools, is brought to bear.”
BEDFORD.— " I have not observed any extraordinary interest on the
part of colored people for the education of their children . I have, so
far as consistent, adapted myself to their preferences in the selection of
teachers, and have in every instance given them teachers of the highest
character for morality ; yet several colored schools in populous neigh
borhoods have been closed on account of failure to make the minimum
average.”
BLAND.— “ We have but few colored people in Bland, and they are so
scattered that we can do very little for them . The few we have appear
to be anxious to avail themselves of the advantages offered in our school
system , and we are looking to some plan to meet their desires."
BOTETOURT. — “ The colored people continue to manifest a great desire
for education . We very much regret our inability thus far to provide
suitable school-houses for them .”
BRUNSWICK . — “ Colored people continue to manifest much interest in
the education of their children , and in some localities seem to appre
ciate their privileges in that respect much more highly than do their
white neighbors.”
BUCHANAN . — ” There are no colored people of consequence in this
county.”
BUCKINGHAM .— “ The colored people have continued to manifest a
great desire for education.”
CAMPBELL. — “ The colored people eagerly avail themselves of the ad
vantages of public education, furnishing their children (with few excep
tions), the necessary books and appliances with ready promptitude.”
CAROLINE.— “ The colored people have shown no abatement in their
desire for education.”
CARROLL. — " They have.”
CHARLES CITY. — “ The colored people , on the whole , continue to ex
hibit a commendable zeal in behalf of the educational interests of their
race ; and one of our most painful experiences iſ produced by the diffi
culty of obtaining teachers for this class of the population. Few of the
whites seem willing to accept such appointments, and colored teachers
are not sufficiently numerous to meet the demand .'
CHARLOTTE. — “ They have.”
CHESTERFIELD. — “ The colored people have manifested an increasing
interest.”
CLARKE.— " They have. No schools have been better attended,none
have made more rapid progress, and none have been better taught.
36
SECOND ANNUAL REPORT OF THE
They have everywhere shown a willingness to provide books and other
necessaries.”
CULPEPER.-- " The colored people still manifest much desire for edu
cation ."
CUMBERLAND. — " The adult colored people from the first manifested
a great desire for the education of their children , and the children have
been much more regularly at school and studious than I supposed . This
desire has not abated under any circumstance observable to the County
Superintendent. There was some opposition to the dog tax ;' but in
most instances, when properly informed that this was intended exclu
sively for schools, the opposition died out, and wenow seldom hear any
objection to it. I enquired of the County Treasurer if any objection to
paying this tax had been urged , and be informed me there had been
none so far.”
DINWIDDIE . — “ Yes.”
ELIZABETH CITY AND WARWICK .— " I am not prepared to say that
the colored people of these counties have ever manifested a great desire
for education . In somelocalities, in the county of Warwick especially ,
it is difficult to maintain schools in the midst of this class of people.
They seem to manifest a desire for education, yet fail for the most part
to avail themselves of the advantages offered."
Essex. — “ The colored people, to a degree that is truly surprising,
have manifested an increasing desire to have their children educated .
Even the poorest and most ignorant of them have in many instances
been known to make sacrifices and extra exertions, in order that their
children might be kept regularly at school.”
FAIRFAX. — “ They have not, except in isolated cases.”
FAUQUIER.— “ At first, it was thought that the colored people looked
upon schools as a great novelty, and therefore they flocked to them .
But experience proves that it is not mere idle curiosity with them .
They earnestly desire to learn ; to be educated ; to elevate themselves
morally, socially and intellectually . I find no abatement of interest with
that class, in regard to a desire for education.”
FLOYD.— “ Colored people manifest the samedesire for education, but
will not voluntarily build their school-houses ; but this in a great meas
ure is owing to their poverty . The whites have manifested a laudable
disposition to assist them ."
FLUVANNA.— “ I think they have. From the report you will find
that the average attendance compares very favorably with that of the
white . From examination of answer to question ninth, the same infer
ence would be drawn.”
FRANKLIN .— “ The colored people throughout the county have mani
fested a lively interest in education.”
FREDERICK.-— " Yes, without emphasizing the word ' great.'”
SUPERINTENDENT OF PUBLIC INSTRUCTION .
37
· GILES. — " The colored people manifest a great desire for education ,
although they are not very prompt to send their children to schoolwhen
an opportunity is afforded them ."
GLOUCESTER. — “ The colored people continue to manifestmuch inter
est in the public school system .
GOOCHLAND.— “ The colored people still manifest a considerable de
sire for what they call education , but find great fault,and express great
disappointment that it is not accomplished in a term or two.
They are
easily discouraged, and little inclined to steady and continuous applica
tion ."
GRAYSON. — “ Tolerably much so. Appear willing to send, but are
negligent in complying with legal requirements."
GREEN AND MADISON . — “ The colored people continue to manifest a
great desire for education. When undisturbed by busy bodies,' they
wait with becoming patience the move of the wheel that brings them
their turn , embrace it eagerly , generally learn rapidly, and readily de
tect the difference between those who teach them for the pay and those
who love to give them intellectual food.”
GREENSVILLE AND SUSSEX .— “ Most of the colored people still con
tinue to manifest a great desire for education .”
HALIFAX.— " I think they have. Either the novelty has not worn
off, or they have more perseverance in that direction than they gene
rally have credit for .”
HANOVER. — “ I think they have. They have built several houses at
their own cost, and placed them under the control of the local Boards.
Irregularity in attendance has thus far proven a serious hindrance to
the establishment of colored schools save in great colored centres.”
HENRICO.-— " I do not think the colored people manifest quite as great
a desire for the education of their children as they did at first , though
the difference is hardly perceptible.”
HENRY. — “ The colored people continue to manifest an earnest desire
for education . The average attendance of colored pupils exceeds that of
the white ."
ISLE OF WIGHT.— " They have."
JAMES CITY AND YORK . — “ Yes. Their desire for education is mani
fested by their great willingness to sacrifice the labor of their children."
KING GEORGE AND STAFFORD.- " The interest heretofore displayed
by the colored people in the cause of education remains undiminished,
but there is one great difficulty in the way. Very nearly all of them
are tenants at will, or, from year to year. The restless nature of the
race leads to frequent changes among them , and it often happens that
the landlord is constrained, from various causes, to abandon the tenant
system altogether . You will readily understand the difficulty attend
ing our efforts to make provisions that unite permanence and availa
38
SECOND ANNUAL REPORT OF THE
bility for a race that is virtually nomadic. We can only provide for
them by establishing leading schools where we can find sufficient ma
terial, and smaller schools in other localities.”
KING & QUEEN AND MIDDLESEX. — “ An increasing desire."
KING WILLIAM. — " Their ardor has somewhat abated.”
LANCASTER AND NORTHUMBERLAND. - " There is a very decided in
difference manifested by them .”
LEE.— “ The desire is rather increasing, if possible.”
LOUDOUN .— “ They have. They are much more liberal in proportion
to their means than the whites, and are willing to submit to sacrifices to
accomplish their object.”
LOUISA. — “ The colored people have continued to manifest great de
sire for the education of the youth of their race. The schools estab
lished for them have generally been well attended , and the children of
the colored race have made in many cases most commendable progress
in their studies.”
LUNENBURG. — “ The colored people still manifest a desire for educa
tion .”
LYNCHBURG CITY.- " The colored people still manifest a fair degree
of appreciation of education . The pecuniary condition of the race,
however, militates greatly against regular attendance. I think I may
say that, under the circumstances, they do continue to manifest a con
siderable desire for learning."
MECKLENBURG . - " I think the colored people manifest great interest
in the schools, as much probably as they did last year.”
MONTGOMERY.— " Colored people still display a commendable desire
for education . They make a higher per cent. of number enrolled in
average attendance than the whites.”
NANSEMOND. " The colored people seem to manifestmuch interest in
the education of their children .”
NELSON. — " I have seen no diminution in the desire of the colored
people for education .
Their idea of an education is to be able to read
and write,and in their sacrifices in order to send their children to school,
they set an example most worthy to be imitated by many of our white
population . I have been able to detect no material difference in the
capacity of the two classes to learn. The teachers say that the colored .
children, as a class, have better memories than the white ,but that their
reasoning powers are not so good . My observation has not satisfied me
of the truth of this assertion . The colored people show a most com
mendable spirit in their desire for proper deportment in their schools,
and many are, I fear, cruel in punishing their children for misbehavior
at school.”
NORFOLK CITY. — " The interest of the colored people in the subject
of education seems to be fully aroused, and has as yet manifested no
SUPERINTENDENT OF PUBLIC INSTRUCTION .
39
evidence of decline. Every well-disposed individual of that population
appears to be actuated by two most excellent motives to secure an edu
cation for their children : to keep them from idleness, which begets vice
and misery , and to save them from the mortification which his own
ignorance so often entails .”
NORFOLK COUNTY.— " The colored people manifest a greater desire
than the whites."
NORTHAMPTON. — “ The colored people continue to manifest a great
desire for education."
NOTTOWAY.— “ They have, and still do, even in their poverty.”
ORANGE.— “ There has not been manifested by them any great inter
est, except in a few neighborhoods.”
PATRICK . — “ Our colored people are still earnest and anxious to have
their children educated . In every instance have taken our advice, and
when required , and can get the land , go to work with a will, and build
good and comfortable houses. In this respect they deserve much .”
PETERSBURG. — “ Considering their poverty , the colored people have
continued to manifest a great desire for education . The necessity that
the parents are under of putting their children to work , has, to a very
large extent, kept our schools smaller than they would have been , the
boys being in factories , aiding their parents by their meagre earnings,
instead of in school, where their parents could not provide them with
food and clothing. The idea of education generally entertained by the
colored people is , however, a very limited conception .
It can scarcely
be said to be expansion of mind, or development of one's whole nature,
but rather, how to read , write, cypher and speak .
To know how to get
a living without manual labor is the chief end of education , or, if it be
more, then to know how to preach or speak in public.”
PITTSYLVANIA . — " There is no increased interest on the part of the
colored people in the education of their children . They are too igno
rant to know that education is a valuable possession , and will repay
them for the sacrifice of money which they must make to secure it.
For they must build their own school-houses, or they can have no
schools. The white people have theirs to build on the sameterms. If,
however, taxation was sufficient for the trustees to build good school
houses for them , and put good teachers in them , the number of colored
children at school would rapidly increase .'
PORTSMOUTH .— “ Yes."
POWHATAN.— “ Yes."
PRINCE EDWARD.— “ Have manifested desire for education, but
mainly to participate in the privileges of the system as evidence of the
equality which they are flattered they possess, and in an ignorant and
stupid notion that " going to school ” is getting an education . Seem
rather mystified they do not at once equal or exceed the inferior (white)
race. In neighborhoods in which the greatest clamor to have a school
has been made, it is usually hardest to keep up the average."
40
SECOND ANNUAL REPORT OF THE
PRINCESS ANNE.— “ Yes.”
PRINCE GEORGE. - " They have, but they do not furnish their chil
dren with suitable books, or sufficient clothing, in some cases.
PRINCE WILLIAM .— “ Not quite so great.”
PULASKI. — “ The colored people manifest a marked concern in that
direction ; make more inquiries than the white people.”
RAPPAHANNOCK .- " They have.”
RICHMOND CITY. — " The colored people continue to manifest an earn
est desire to avail themselves of the benefits of public education . Many
of them send their children a portion of the year, and retain them at
home for the remaining part of the session to assist them in earning a
livelihood . Most of the parents express great regret at this, and say
that nothing but absolute necessity could induce them to retain the chil
dren at home for a single day.”
RICHMOND AND WESTMORELAND. — “ There has been no marked
change in the sentiments of the colored people.”
ROANOKE. — “ The colored people continue to manifest a great desire
In several cases they have organized schools for those of
their race over 21 years of age.”
for education .
ROCKBRIDGE. — “ The desire for education among the colored people
seems to have increased in some sections of the county, while in other
places it seems rather to have declined . As a general rule , however, it
has continued . Table No. 2 of my report shows that the per centage
of those enrolled in average attendance ' among the colored children
was 64, while that of the white children was only 58.
If these figures
be taken as a criterion by which to judge of the interest taken in edu
cation by the two classes respectively, the colored people have the ad
vantage in the comparison . But the difference is to be attributed more,
I think , to the fact that schools are still a novelty with the colored
population, than to any abiding interest felt in having their children
taught the rudiments of learning.”
ROCKINGHAM .— “ The desire of the colored people for schools is
greater than we can gratify,because of the scarcity of suitable teachers.”
RUSSELL. — " The colored people of this county have manifested a
greater desire for education than the white people.”
Scott.— “ The colored people are still manifesting a great desire for
SHENANDOAH. — “ They have.”
education.”
SMYTH. — “ The colored people are clamorous for schools, but are not
willing to pay anything as a supplement.”
SOUTHAMPTON.— “ The colored people generally manifest an increased
desire for education , as this report will show .”
SPOTSYLVANIA . — “ The colored people are still very anxious to have
their children educated."
SUPERINTENDENT OF PUBLIC INSTRUCTION.
41
TAZEWELL. - " The colored people still manifest an eager desire to
enjoy benefits of the public schools. This is evident from the large per
cent. of children enrolled .”
WASHINGTON. — “ The colored people do not manifest quite asmuch
zeal for education as they did the first year. The children did not at
tend quite as well the last year as the first, and consequently the schools
were not quite as large.”
WISE. “ There are few colored persons in this county, so few indeed
that it is impossible to establish a colored school; hence but little desire
is manifested by them for an education.”
WYTHE. — “ Yes.”
3. Views as to the probable working of the present mode of raising
local school funds.
ACCOMAC.— “ The Legislature has taken one step in the right direc
tion . Removing the question of the schools from the direct popular vote
has accomplished something, but still the work is only half done. Let
that body meet the question fairly and squarely, impose a tax sufficient
to meet the urgent demands of the people, and all, or nearly all, oppo
sition will cease. I have been told by some of the most intelligent op
ponents of the schools that they would cheerfully acquiesce in such
action . This would give the system stability, and bring to its aid hosts
of friends."
.
ALBEMARLE. — " I think the presentmode of raising local school funds
better and more popular than the mode used last year.”
ALEXANDRIA CITY .— “ The method of raising funds provided in the
city school law works well, but I think a separate levy by the city coun
cil, to be paid directly into the school treasury, would work better."
ALEXANDRIA COUNTY.— “ My opinion, expressed last year, as to the
inexpediency of taking the question of raising funds from the people,
has been fully sustained in this county at least. A great deal of dis
satisfaction has arisen from it. The raising of all the funds directly by
the State would be the best plan ; but if the counties and districts are
to raise money, it should be by popular vote. The change in the law
has enabled designing men to poison the public mind on the subject.”
ALLEGHANY AND CRAIG .— “ The present method of raising local
school funds is a decided improvement upon the plan of submitting the
question to popular vote, and has been much more satisfactory ; but it
is still my opinion that the law should fix a minimum as well as a max
imum tax. A certain tax imposed upon the people, to be expended in
their own improvement, is a healthy reminder of the high estimate
placed upon public education by the lawful authorities.”
AMELIA .— “ The plan would be good if the levies were made by the
County School Board , instead of the Supervisors. The school officers
are not only necessarily better prepared to estimate needs, but are not
42
SECOND ANNUAL REPORT OF THE
the creatures usually resulting from popular voting. They are far more
likely to be good and true men .'
AMHERST. - " The present mode of raising local school funds is a
much better mode than submitting it to the vote of the people ; but I
am still of the opinion that, instead of the Supervisors levying taxes for
county funds, it would be much better if the Legislature would levy a
sufficient State tax to pay the salaries of teachers and county superin
tendents."
APPOMATTOX.— “ The present mode of raising school funds may da
as far as it goes ; for the present, it is entirely experimental; but our
objection to the whole matter is, that it can never do enough under its
present form .
It will be just a name and a nuisance as it now is , with
very little good to follow .”
AUGUSTA. — " Last year the people of the county voted a county tax
of 63 cents on the $ 100, and in most of the districts a tax of half cent
on $ 100 . The County School Board last spring requested the Super
visors to levy a county and district tax of 71 cents each on the $ 100 ,
besides imposing a dog tax. The Supervisors levied only five cents dis
trict and county tax each. I have very little doubt, from the desire
expressed by so many that the schools be made entirely free, that, had
the question been submitted to vote, the people of the county would
have voted the maximum county tax at least. That plan was liable to
serious objection, and perhaps, when the Supervisors are elected with
reference to their opinions on the public school question , and reflect the
sentiments of their constituents, the present plan will be preferable.”
BATH AND HIGHLAND. — “ The present mode of raising local funds,
while certainly a decided improvement on the old method , is,neverthe
less, open to grave and serious objections. The raising of school funds
should be entirely beyond the reach of the caprice of the popular mind .
This cannot be the case as long as the Supervisors have the levying of
the taxes . The views of candidates for that office upon the school
question will, after a while, be made a test of party strength , and when
this becomes the case , the certainty of raising local funds will be greatly
impaired , and but little better than submitting the question of taxation
to a direct vote of the people, as under the former law . Either the
Legislature should require the Board of Supervisors to levy a desig
nated amount, or the whole matter should be placed in the hands and
under the control of the County School Board, whose complexion is al
ways presumed to be favorableesto the subject of public free schools. I
a miserabpurpos ,and ehmet with Super,that,
cannot withhold the expression of my strong conviction, that, as the law
now stands, school officers will soon be met with Supervisors hostile to
taxation for free school purposes, and the system , in consequence, will
be left to drag a miserable existence, while ignorance and vice will in
crease with strides proportionate to the parsimony with which funds
have been doled out to a hungry and starving people. The Supervisors
of Bath and Highland acted with more liberality than was expected in
the matter of levying taxes for school purposes last May, when it is re
membered that the Boards, as then constituted , were unfriendly to tax
SUPERINTENDENT OF PUBLIC INSTRUCTION .
43
ation for free school purposes. With one single exception , Blue Grass,
they levied the full amount asked for by the County Board for district
purposes, but did not add anything to the County Superintendent's
salary in the only county - Highland — where anything was asked for
him . The law places the County Superintendent in the indelicate po
sition of beggar for money, when it compels him to ask the Board of
Supervisors to levy a tax for his support. Though the appropriation
asked for is morally and legally due him , and in many cases, no doubt,
entirely inadequate to a just compensation for services rendered , yet
few men like to appear before the Supervisors in the light of pensioners.
It might be replied that no one, upon any principle of ethics,need hesi
ter to make the Supervisors, or the people,whose servants they are,
tate to ask for that which is justly due him , and yet it is a difficultmat
understand that the duties of County Superintendent are arduous and
responsible , and merit, really , a much larger salary than the law allows.
The action of the Legislature with reference to the salaries of these
officers, to say the least of it, is unjust.”
BEDFORD. — “ So far as Bedford is concerned , all questions relating to
local school funds might safely be referred to the discretion of the
County Board of school officers. The gentlemen composing our local
Boards are, without exception,men of accredited intelligence and worth,
and , from their position , must be presumed to have better opportunities
than others for arriving at an intelligent understanding of the necessi
ties arising out of the interests they respectively represent.”
BLAND. — “ The plan , itself,meets my views,as to its mandatory fea
ture : but it allows too large a discretion to Supervisors, and fails to
meet the wants of our people in such counties as Bland, where the
greatest abundance of children are found, but the source of local funds,
by taxation , very limited and inadequate. Better by far have no tax at
all, for raising local funds, than to have one so far from meeting our de
mands. I would rather risk the support of our schools (outside of
State funds) by private subscriptions, than to furnish an excuse for
withholding such private aid , by imposing a tax that fails to yield us
one-fourth of what our local funds should be to meet our wants. After
a careful calculation , I find that the maximum tax allowed us on pro
perty would not pay two dollars per month to each teacher in our
county, if we open the number of schools demanded , and run them five
months. Though this is true, it is next to impossible to explain it satis
factorily to the masses, so as to impress them with the indispensable
duty of supplementing by private subscription ; whereas, if you tell
them you have no local funds at all,they will understand you, and indi
vidual subscriptions are not so difficult to obtain . The case will never
be met till Supervisors are required to raise by taxation an amount
equal to what the State pays. It would be better to require said tax to
be such as would yield about one-third more than the State pays. It
will take this to meet our wants in Bland. That clause in school law ,
requiring the County Court's approval of the action of the County
School Board , in supplementing the Superintendent's salary, is too ob
jectionable to meet with any favor outside of a confused legislature.”
SECOND ANNUAL REPORT OF THE
44
BOTETOURT. - " The presentmode of raising local school funds,in the
judgment of many here,will work badly. The people very much object
to this matter of raising funds being left in the hands of the Super
visors. It was an unfortunate step by our Legislature.'
BRUNSWICK. — " I favorthe presentmode of raising local schoolfunds,
and think it will prove a success in the county.”
BUCHANAN .— “ We can never get funds enough under the present
mode of raising school funds to carry on the schools properly, unless the
Legislature would place the power in the hands of the County School
Board , instead of the Board of Supervisors."
BUCKINGHAM. — “ I am opposed to Boards of Supervisors having any
thing to do with school funds.
The members of the Boards of Super
visors will not inform themselves of the necessities of the schools, nor
will they be informed by the school authorities. They are the sole
guardians of all the other county matters, about which they do inform
themselves, and in which they take a deep interest, and consequently
appropriate the levy to them , and give the remnants to the schools.
School matters should in no way become political, and they must be
come so, if the Supervisors, who are elected, remain “ masters of the
situation ," and control the “ sinews ” of the schools. The County School
Board in each county should have full and final power, within pre
scribed bounds drawn by the Legislature, in all school matters. This
Board has to bear the responsibility ; give it the authority ; otherwise,
let the people vote upon the levy annually, as formerly .”
CAMPBELL. — “ The present system of raising funds seems to be gene
rally approved . Those with whom I have conversed on the subject
agree with me in thinking it would be better if the County School Board
should alone decide on the amount necessary , as a county supplement,
for the pay of teachers.”
CAROLINE. — “ The only difficulty in the present mode of raising local
school taxes, is the impracticability of collecting from each district,
separately, the small amount required for district school purposes each
year. This difficulty might be obviated by so amending the law as to
raise an aggregate amount by a tax on all the property of the county,
as in the case of the county school fund, and then dividing this amount
among all the districts, in proportion to the property of each , thus
satisfying the reason of the law , which forbids the money raised in one
district to be used in another.”
CARROLL. - " While the Supervisors are allowed to levy any amount,
however small, we can expect to receive but little benefit from a county
tax.''
CHARLES CITY AND NEW KENT.— " My limited experience with
Boards of Supervisors is very far from encouraging. They are gene
rally white men and property -holders, and, as such , very averse to an
increase of taxation for any purpose. At the same time, they hold of
fice by the suffrages of the colored people, who are largely in excess in
both counties. Hence they are reluctant to increase the burthens of
SUPERINTENDENT OF PUBLIC INSTRUCTION .
45
any class of the people. The discretion lodged in their hands by the
Legislature is apt to be interpreted in a manner unfavorable to the pub
lic schools, the benefit of which they have not yet discovered .
The law
ought to be positive and peremptory for taxation within certain limits.”
CHARLOTTE .— “ Our short experience leads us to prefer the present
mode of raising local school funds to the one adopted last year.'
CHESTERFIELD.— “ Is decidedly preferable to the old method.”
CLARKE.— “ I consider the present plan an improvement upon that
which required the question of taxation to be voted on annually by the
people ; but I think it would be still better to leave the whole matter at
the disposal of the County School Board , requiring the Supervisors to
include in their levy the amount estimated. The present plan allows a
body, which is elected with no reference to schools, and probably but
little acquainted with their needs, to revise and even to defeat the plans
of another body, their peers, who are perfectly familiar with their
wants, and who make the subject a special study . It is no easy task to
convince a Board of Supervisors, whose one idea is to reduce taxation in
general, that the very highest tax the law allows is the one their duty
requires them to levy. The County Superintendent's salary is also sub
ject to many vicissitudes. Why should officers, who are poorly paid at
þest, be compelled to run the gauntlet of two or three bodies before
being sure of the pittance permitted by law . No sensitive man can at
tend to this matter of salary without a sense of humiliation ; and no
man can afford to faithfully fill the office without full salary.
Could
not it be so arranged that the salary would be increased in proportion
to the increase of the school fund from the county tax. When there is
no county school tax have no increase of salary, and when the county
tax is maximum , let the salary be so too.
If possible , do not let this
question be worked over every year.”
CULPEPER. — “ No opinion to give at this time.”
CUMBERLAND. — " If it is necessary to have a county fund ,' as dis
tinct from the State fund,' I see no reason why the question as to how
much ought to be left to the Board of Supervisors or any one else, nor
do I see any very just reason for assuming that they can any better
judge of the wants and wishes of the people than can the Legislature.
There is one, and only one, reason why this county fund ' method should
be considered better, and that is, we know a year before hand (almost )
what we are to get from this source. If we could know of all our
year's supply of funds beforehand, we could work much better and
more efficiently . In reference to ' district tax,' as it is impossible for
the Legislature to know exactly, or even more than generally, the pe
culiar wants of each district ; and as it is eminently proper that the
trustees, who are not only the guardians of property acquired, but
being by law a body corporate, to judge of particular circumstances
and wants , as well as to hold and manage the property acquired, they
should be able , under restriction and within due bounds, to levy, or
cause to be levied, any amount, within a certain compass, they may
from year to year deem necessary, proper and expedient, so that, how
L
SECOND ANNUA
46
REPORT OF THE
ever, they shall not be made at any time, or under any circumstances,
the servants of, or mendicants to, the Board of Supervisors or any other
Board, except in a special responsibility to a higher body or court , as
justice and propriety may demand , and the safety of the public interest
requires. If, therefore, the present law between them and the Board of
Supervisors was made mandatory on the latter, upon a full exposition of
facts and figures by the former , it would , I think, meet the case.”
DINWIDDIE . — " I think it will work well.”
ELIZABETH CITY AND WARWICK. — “ I regard the present mode of
raising local school funds as much preferable to the former mode.
There was too much expense, uncertainty and trouble attending the
former mode of raising funds, which do not attach to the present mode.
I see no reason why it should not work well.”
Essex. — “ The present mode of raising local school funds has no ad
vantages over that first inaugurated . In fact, the majority were more
likely to get the amount of funds needed for county and district pur
poses,by popular vote, than they are now through Boards of Super
visors, which , owing to their hostility to the public school system ,may
play false to the very people who elect them to office. The County
School Board ought to be clothed with the authority of saying what
amount is needed for school purposes, and the Supervisors ought to be
required by law to levy the amount asked for by the County School
Board. As the law now stands, the Supervisors can paralyze thewhole
system of schools in any county."
FAIRFAX. — The present system will do, but if it could be left entirely
to the local school officers it would probably be better.”
FAUQUIER. — “ The present mode of raising local school funds is de
cidedly preferable to the former . The trustees of this county are intel
ligent, educated, liberal gentlemen , who have the confidence of the
people, and their recommendations are considered as judicious and pro
per. What I have stated in regard to the School Trustees will apply
to the Board of Supervisors. Where the two Boards are composed of
good men , there is no trouble in the present mode of raising local
funds."
FLOYD. — “ The present mode of raising local school funds is prefera
ble to that by election ; but there should not have been so narrow a
limit. Would prefer the whole matter to rest with the County Board .
With the present law no houses can be built, unless in very wealthy
districts."
FLUVANNA. — " The mode has operated very well, so far, in this
county , and may do so generally ; but the maximum allowed by law
will prove quite disastrous to the school interest. The expenses, for
instance, of the first district in this county will be from three to four
will pres of the fit without. cover t
hundred dollars (without contemplating building ), while, by reference
to my report, you will discover that the estimated yield is only $ 151
under the re-assessment. It seems to me, that it would be by far more
47
SUPERINTENDENT OF PUBLIC INSTRUCTION .
desirable to have no separate school fund, with all the additional ex
pense covering the special duties of assessors, & c., but to consider the
expense of operating the schools as one of the essential government ex
penses. The amount allowed the assessors this year is $ 240. Let it be
merged into the regular taxes for support of government, and we will
hear of gradually less and less complaint. The great mass of the peo
ple will scarcely realize any difference in taxation , at any rate, will not
necessarily ascribe it to the school system . So long as it remains a
separate tax, it will be the hobby of grumblers.”
FRANKLIN .- " The present mode of raising local school funds is
manifestly an improvement on the voting system of last year ; but I am
inclined to think it would give more general satisfaction if the Legisla
ture would do all the taxing themselves. The people — the masses-are willing to give the public schools a cordial support, and they expect
and desire the Legislature to tax them for that purpose."
FREDERICK.— " The only difficulty I apprehend is as to the failure to
appreciate the use or need of a County Superintendent. I believe it
right, however , that there should be some check to an unpopular ap
pointment."
GILES.— “ There is one feature in the present mode of raising local
school funds that is, in my opinion, objectionable, and that is the power
vested in the Board of Supervisors to curtail assessments made by the
County School Board.”
GLOUCESTER. — “ It is impossible to tell what will be raised from the
dog tax.
If we can realize one half, we will do well.
This, together
with the 7} cents on the $100 , will afford some $ 3,500 or upwards."
GOOCHLAND. — “ Very far superior to the former mode of raising them
by a vote of the people, and, perhaps, the best method to be devised,
unless the Legislature could be induced to enact a law requiring the
counties to levy an amount bearing a due proportion to the State fund .
It would be of little moment what that proportion was, so it was large
enough to be useful. The object to be desired is, to have the school
fund placed beyond the power of fluctuations in popular opinion .”
GRAYSON.— “ Fear it will not succeed well. All depends on the
Supervisors. I succeeded much better with the people . Capitation tax
is manifestly the thing. The burden is light, equally borne, all inter
ested, and the fund ample for the demand, and a considerable amount
saved . District tax should be ad valorem .”
GREENE AND MADISON. — “ A little more assumption of responsibility
on the part of our law makers in Richmond, less manifestation of the
spirit of democracy run mad, and less disposition to have each district
make laws for itself, at every cross-roads,would tend to equalize the
burdens of our people , and give less chance to arouse passions and pre
judices, based upon ignorance, and fed by the constant appeal of the
demagogue in his search for office. Until something in this direction is
accomplished, I don 't know what to suggest ' better than the present
mode of raising local school funds.'”
48
SECOND ANNUAL REPORT OF THE
GREENSVILLE AND SUSSEX . — “ The present mode of raising local
school funds is a decided improvement on the old plan , and would be
all that could be desired, if the right men could always be secured as
Supervisors. If possible, the trustees should be allowed to vote with
them . This would , I think, be a considerable improvement.”
HALIFAX . — “ It is much easier to find fault than to say what would
be a better mode ; and, though it would seem to be the simpler plan
that the county school tax should be recommended by the County School
Board , and acted upon by the Board of Supervisors, and that the dis
trict tax should be recommended by the District Board of Trustees, and
acted upon by the Township Board , yet the present plan is a decided
improvement upon the popular vote plan , and I think it would be bet
ter to let the matter rest where it is. It has not yet had a fair trial,
and it may work better than might be anticipated.”
HANOVER.— “ It would do, if made obligatory on the Supervisors to
levy the amount asked for by the School Boards. This should by all
means be done.
As the law now stands, the question wears too much of
a political complexion . Some better method might be devised .” .
HENRICO. — “ The present mode of raising local school funds is
deemed better than by a vote of the people ; but it would be better
still, in my judgment, for the Legislature to fix the tax.”
HENRY.— “ I approve of the present mode of raising local school
funds. It is, in my opinion , proper that the people should have some
voice in the matter, and I know of no better way than through their
boards of supervisors."
ISLE OF WIGHT. — “ I don't like the present mode of raising local
school funds. By taking power out of the hands of the people and
giving it to the board of supervisors, nothing was gained as to pro
moting the system , save trouble and expense of annual elections. The
people, in electing the supervisors, take no account of their friendship
or hostility to the public school system , for it is an office not generally
sought by any one, requiring no explanation of views on any public
matter, and the people are only too glad to get any good , honest man to
agree to accept it . The General Assembly ought, in my opinion , to
modify the present school law , and take the responsibility of raising
funds for all school purposes."
JAMES CITY AND YORK.— " Good ; better than last year’s.”
KING GEORGE AND STAFFORD. — “ The present mode of raising local
school funds is good, in the abstract, though bad as to some of its de
tails. The constitution fixed the local school tax limit. None of the
school officers asked for an oppressive tax ; indeed, out of tender con
sideration for the tax-payer, they asked for less than the school interest
demanded, and hence it was a work of supererogation to prescribe a
limit within a limit, as if the tax-payer needed an additional safeguard
to protect him , as the act implies, from the rapacity of irresponsible men .
In addition, I consider it ' ā violation of the eternal fitness of things '
to authorize a board of supervisors to revise and reduce estimates made
SUPERINTENDENT OF PUBLIC INSTRUCTION .
49
by school officers for school purposes. Both county boards voted a suita
ble allowance to the county superintendent without a dissenting voice,
but the supervisors (without authority to control this matter, as I view
it ) made objection . To be brief, I do not think the present plan will
work well, unless amended so as to remove the limit of three-fourths of
a mill, and so as to require the supervisors to levy the amount asked for
by the county board of trustees.'
KING & QUEEN AND MIDDLESEX. — “ There is no particular objection
to the mode, but serious objection to the legal restrictions upon the
amounts to be raised. I believe my people would vote me amuch larger
amount for county and district purposes."
KING WILLIAM .— “ It is evident the present mode of raising funds
creates all, or nearly all the dissatisfaction on the subject of public edu
cation . Let the Legislature, in its wisdom , do what it thinks best
make judicious laws, have the proper officers to enforce them , remove
legislation on the subject as far as possible from the people and their im
mediate officers, and the whole subject will work well. Let taxation for
its support be imposed and collected like other taxes, and it will be
borne as cheerfully .”
LANCASTER AND NORTHUMBERLAND. — " The present mode continued
will ruin the school system . Every individual in the State should pay
pro rata to support the schools. The fund thus collected should be put
in the Educational Fund and divided among the counties, the law re
quiring that the assessment be sufficient to provide a certain number of
good schools in each county. Then all local petty disputes and jeal
ousies will be avoided.”
LEE. — “ If the present system is let alone, it would be efficient and
satisfactory to the people in a little time. Constant change is highly
detrimental.”
LOUDOUN . — “ The will of the people, as expressed by their votes on se
veral occasions, indicates very clearly their purpose that the public schools
shall be maintained by taxation, but it is evidently impolitic to require
the question be kept before them by appeals each year for a separate and
special school tax. The action of the County Board, as the representa
tives of the people , will afford ample satisfaction to the public, in whose
confidence they are firmly established . They are the only persons pre
pared to form a correct estimate of the amount needed for the support
of the public schools, and by requiring the board of supervisors to adopt
the estimates of the County Board, the interests of the schools and peo
ple will be more equitably and judiciously served than by investing the
supervisors with power to curtail or cancel the proposed levy."
LOUISA.--" I greatly prefer the present mode of raising local school
funds over the plan of submitting the question to the vote of the people .
In the presentway the same result is reached without theagitation and
irritations consequent upon submitting the question to the decisions of
the ballot-box. In the case of county superintendents ' salary, I think
the Legislature should vote those officers à fair compensation for their
50
SECOND ANNUAL REPORT OF THE
work and responsibilities , and there let the matter end. They certainly
do themselves no credit in referring matters on which there ought to be
general and uniform legislation to mere localauthorities."
LUNENBURG. — “ I think the present mode of raising local school
funds is advisable, if the supervisors would reflect the wishes of the
people.'
LYNCHBURG CITY. — “ The presentmode of raising local funds is work
ing unexceptionably well here. It would not be altogether prudent or
economicalat present to lay a separate tax for schools.”
MECKLENBURG . — “ The present mode of raising taxes has, so far,
worked well. The board of supervisors levied all that was asked for;
indeed, all that the law permitted us to raise. It is proper to state here
that we could have done more for the schools had the law which was
passed by the Legislature permitted us. The amount which one mill on
the dollar will raise in some of the townships is so small that it is en
tirely inadequate to meet the wants of the districts. Had not the Le
gislature prevented it, we could have secured a larger amount than was
levied by the supervisors. I intend to get an expression of opinion by
the people in reference to this matter ."
MONTGOMERY. — " While the present mode of raising funds is prefera
ble to the method first adopted , yet it is open to several objections. The
power vested in the board of supervisors of levying or not levying
county and district funds, certainly places those funds on a very preca
rious foundation. Supervisors are elected generally without reference
to their sentiments on school questions.
They do not understand the
working of the schools and the necessity for money, and always ap
proach the subject with a bias against taxation and in favor of curtailing
the estimates. Hence it takes a good dealof efforton the part of county
superintendents to carry their necessary county and district levies.
In
my county, had the board of supervisors been of opinion that they
could refuse to levy a county fund, they would have refused it, and we
would have been most seriously crippled. If school officers in perform
ance of their duty may have offended a supervisor or two by locating a
school, employing a teacher, or refusing to pay an account, the whole
county suffers. Especially in the matter of building school-houses is it
necessary to have the fund of the district placed on a sure and steady
basis ; for with the 71 cent tax we must go in debt to some extent.
The
true plan would seem to be to include all school funds in the regular tax
bill of the State ; levy it as a State tax , apportion it to the counties and
districts, and let it be managed by the boards as one fund -- who might
be restricted to a certain per cent. of expenditure for all purposes except
payment of teachers . The present system of taxation is open to the ob
jection that it is not uniform . By judiciously delaying the apportion
ment of State funds until those counties which have county school funds
may have exhausted them in paying teachers, the Superintendent of
Public Instruction can effect a saving in the State funds apportioned to
those counties, which will be returned to the Treasury and reapportioned ,
and thus those counties which refused to levy county funds indirectly
SUPERINTENDENT OF PUBLIC INSTRUCTION .
reap the advantages of the county funds of their more liberal neighbors.
The people would cheerfully pay double the amount heretofore levied
for all purposes, if it was levied by the Legislature and fairly appor
tioned. In fact, few would know or care what proportion of their tax
was school tax."
NANSEMOND. — " The taxes as levied by the board of supervisors will
be more or less fluctuating from year to year. The constant changes in
the boards by new members being elected will naturally produce this
state of things. The ignorant masses of the people entertain a great
dislike for local or county taxes, and the supervisors being elected in a
measure by this class of people, will to some extent carry out the wishes
of this class of their constituents .
There is not much said about State
or General Government taxes, but the whole hubbub is about county
taxes. My impression is that the State should levy a tax sufficient to
carry on the schools successfully , and require the school districts to raise
enough for local purposes. There are so many tax bills presented during
the coruse of a year, that the people never know when they are through
paying up.”
NELSON. - " The present mode of raising local school funds is perhaps
an improvement on that of submitting the question to a vote of the
people ; still it has its objections. It is an uncertain way of raising
funds. The board of supervisors changing annually , we can make no
definite calculation as to district funds; and hence our trustees can begin
no improvement in furniture, school apparatus, & c., & c., that the funds
of that year will not complete. For the supervisors may any year re
fuse to make a levy , or so cut it down that the work commenced may go
for nothing. It is an expensive mode of collecting funds. Two levies
have to be extended and collected , when both might most properly be
merged in and collected with the State tax. To meet the demands of
our system with certainty and regularity, a tax sufficient for all pur
poses should be laid by the Legislature, allowing the trustees to use a
certain per cent. annually for district purposes, with the right to appeal
to the people or to the supervisors to raise additional means for any ex
traordinary demand that might arise. Should this be done, and a tax
levied sufficient to meet the reasonable demands of the people for
schools, opposition to the system would entirely disappear. I have yet
to find a man expressing opposition to the system whose children were
attending a good public school. We must have funds to establish
schools wherever the number of children will justify it, and to continue
them at least nine months in the year. I regard a continuons session of
ten months worth at least three terms of five months each , with an in
termission of seven months between the terms. We cannot employ
good , competent teachers for only five months in the year.
Precious
time is wasted, the benefits of our work lost, on account of the shortness
of our terms. While the school system should at all times invite the
fullest scrutiny in regard to its operations; still the constantly recurring
question of local school taxation offers a field for demagogues to raise a
clamor unjust and injurious to the cause, often defeating the subject at
times when means are of vital importance. I can only hope that our
SECOND ANNUAL REPORT OF THE
52
next Legislature will rise to the importance of this subject, and levy 2 .
tax sufficient to give all our people what they demand - an opportunity
to educate their children , and to fit them for the duties of life."
NORFOLK COUNTY. — “ I find no objection to the mode, but do protest
against the shackles put upon the school and county officers as regards
the amounts to be levied . I believe that the County School Board of
Norfolk county , composed of nineteen influential citizens, who pay at
least one-twentieth of all the county taxes, are better judges of the
amount of taxes the people are willing and able to pay than the mem
bers of the Legislature. Coming from the people, they know their con
dition and necessities. Identified with the school system in its details,
they are supposed also to know its condition and necessity . They see
clearly that no system of public schools operated for five months only ,
with poorly paid teachers, can meet the wants and demands of the peo
ple ; but on the contrary, such a system invites opposition by its power
to disintegrate and break down the private schools already existing.
And so great has been this power during the year just closed , that only
two well-regulated private schools in a population of five thousand five
hundred have been able to withstand it, and these are negotiating a
surrender. This fact alone, I contend , is an argument sufficient for
giving to these two representative bodies — viz ., the county school board
and board of supervisors, the power to levy such a tax as will at least
make the public schools as efficient as those which they have sup
planted .
There can be no fear of oppressive taxation from these two
bodies. The correct result, I think , will be the groans of the grumblers.
These gentlemen have discovered that it is popular to make a great
noise about taxation , and they will continue to make it, whether taxes
are light or heavy."
NORFOLK CITY.- " The experience in our city management of its
public schools proved the failure of a direct tax for their support. Both
a head tax on every male citizen and on each pupil not indigent was at
first levied, but proved inadequate to meet the expenses of the schools .
For months at a time the pay of the teachers and other bills against the
schools remained unpaid until special appropriations could be obtained
from our city councils. Under our present system an appropriation is
made at once by the councils, which , with the State appropriation , fully
meets all demands, and the school board is now at all times promptly
provided with funds, and general satisfaction is now given to all who
have dealings with the schools.”
NORTHAMPTON.— “ I prefer the present mode of raising school funds
to voting on the subject."
NOTTOWAY. " It is one of the very best that wisdom could devise to
cripple and ultimately kill public schools, so far as local funds are con
cerned . It is made a political question, and the ignorant and the vicious
who are candidates for office oppose the plan simply as a meansto gratify
and obtain their personal ends. The Legislature ought either squarely
and manfully to meet the responsibility, or say we will not have public
schools.”
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53
ORANGE. — " I think , with care in the selection of trustees, the present
mode of raising local school funds will be effective.” .
PAGE AND WARREN.– 1. “ A majority of the people favor the sys
tem .”
2 . “ The colored people still manifest a great desire for education, as
is manifested by a fuller attendance in all seasons of the year."
3. “ The present mode of raising local school funds is preferable to
voting.”
[Answers to 1 , 2 , and 3 questions. Report not received in
time for proper arrangement. - S. P. I.]
PATRICK .— “ I am no advocate of the present mode of raising funds
for our schools. In my humble opinion , it is entirely deficient. The
county officials will not give the proper attention to this matter. Our
school operations should be entirely separate from other civil affairs .
Let our district clerks take the census ; make our county board clerk
our treasurer; require him to file a good bond, approved by our county
board ; and either let our county board make out a statement of the
amount we need for school purposes, and require by law that the super
visors should levy it ; or, a better plan would be to let the board have
the power to make the levy and furnish the treasurer with the amount.
If they (the school officials ) are capable of controlling the thousands
furnished by the State, certainly they might have entire control of the
small amount we ask from the county . Besides, the school men who
have all the work to do certainly ought to have all the pay. If wehad
an arrangement something similar to the plan indicated, we would at
once command the services of the best men in the county ."
PITTSYLVANIA . — “ The present mode of raising local school funds is
fully approved ; but the low limit of taxation fixed by the Legislature
worries the trustees, who are by law required to have good and com
fortable school-houses, and yet not allowed the money with which to
build them ; and worries the people , who complain that they are taxed
to build houses, and yet have to build them independent of the tax.
The mode is good enough , but under the present limit it is a Tantalus."
PORTSMOUTH . - " The best mode for raising the city school fund is by
levying a tax for school purposes, separate and distinct from the tax
levied for city purposes."
POWHATAN. — “ Much better than by popular election.”
PRINCE EDWARD. - “ Greatly superior to the former , still the local
tax is regarded as an abomination , and I am more than ever convinced
it ought to be a voter's tax and no other. Other funds to be raised by
a pupil's tax, not for the year of the pupil's attendance , but the fund so
obtained to be used for the following year.”
PRINCESS ANNE. — “ An excellent method , if the amount was not so
limited."
PRINCE GEORGE AND SURRY. — “ The present mode of raising county
and district school funds is much preferable to raising them by a resort
SECOND ANNUAL REPORT OF THE
to a popular vote ; but the maximum rate of taxation , as fixed by law
for both county and district purposes, is very far below the wants of the
schools and the wishes of a majority of the friends of popular educa
tion ."
PRINCE WILLIAM . — " I think the present mode a decided improve
ment upon the former.”
PULASKI.— " Unsatisfactory and unreliable, for reasons so obvious
that it is unnecessary to refer to them .”
RAPPAHANNOCK . — “ I do not like the presentmode. I think it would
be much better to leave the matter with the county school boards, re
taining the present limitations, if thought best.”
RICHMOND AND WESTMORELAND.— “ It would be better for the
Legislature to provide at once the means necessary to maintain the
schools . The effect of submitting the question of taxation either to the
people or the Supervisors is, first, to invite agitation which is not favor
able, and, second , to cause uncertainty, which seriously embarrasses the
calculations and management of the school officers.”
ROANOKE. — “ The present mode of raising local school funds is de
cidedly preferable to the old method."
ROCKBRIDGE. — “ I think the present mode of raising local school
funds is as good as can be devised in the present state of public senti
ment on the subject, and is at least worthy of a fair trial. Attempts to
change modes and amounts of taxation are fruitful sources of discontent
among the people, and result in useless expenditures of time and money
by our law makers.
The eighth article of the Constitution , I feel sure,
ought to be revised and amended, but it may be too soon yet to make
any movement in that direction."
ROCKINGHAM.— “ The presentmode is probably the safest.”
RUSSELL. - " I am of the opinion that the present mode of raising
local school funds is as good as could be well adopted.”
Scott. — “ In the depressed condition of the people, I have some
doubts as to the working of the present mode of raising local school
funds. Supervisors seem fearful of incurring ill will, and therefore fail
to do their duty."
SHENANDOAH .— " The present mode of raising local school funds is
good . Our Board of Supervisors levied the maximum amount allowed
by law . The sum realized was not sufficient to meet the expenses of
the county School furniture and houses cannot be prepared and kept
in proper condition withoutmore money."
SMYTH . — “ I am opposed to the working of the presentmode of rais
ing local school funds. It, in too many instances, gives Supervisors an
opportunity to vent their spleen upon their offenders. More than this,
it causes the schools to be increased or diminished , just as the funds are
increased or diminished, from year to year, by said officials. Besides, it
is not uniform all over the State." .
SUPERINTENDENT OF PUBLIC INSTRUCTION .
SOUTHAMPTON. — " No objection , if the officers can be made to do
their duty .
It is a hard matter to get a competent man to take a town
ship office in this county .”
SPOTSYLVANIA . — “ Much the best system for raising funds to defray
the expense of the school system , would be to have one school tax laid
by the Legislature for all purposes.”
TAZEWELL. — I consider the present mode much better than the
former. I hear of no objections to it from the people. When the su
pervisors are friends to the schools it works well ; but still they are by
law too much restricted . Fifteen cents on the hundred dollars will
never expand the system so that all can enjoy its benefits, unless the
State school funds are in some way greatly increased .'
WASHINGTON.— “ The present plan of raising local school funds has
worked satisfactorily so far. It is much preferable to submitting the
question to a vote of the people.”
WISE. — “ The present modeof raising local school funds is objection
able. Had the Legislature passed an act to tax the people a per cent.
equal to supply the deficit of the State funds, it would have been less
objectionable.”
WYTHE. — “ Town system right, under section 20. For county and
district operations, a uniform State law would be better. The present
system is better, however, thar the former.”
4. Is it desirable that the required minimum of school attendance
should be reduced ?
If so, to what number ?
ACCOMAC.— “ The minimum is sufficiently low ; rather increase it
than otherwise. There is but one point in this county where it can be
said to work even a seeming hardship , and that is on Chingoteague
Island, where a colored school of fifteen might be obtained, but not
twenty , owing to the fewness of that race there."
ALBEMARLE. — " I do not think it desirable to reduce the required
minimum of school attendance , provided someschools, as at present, be
allowed with a reduced number.”
ALEXANDRIA CITY. — “ No."
ALEXANDRIA County. — " No."
ALLEGHANY AND CRAIG . — “ I think that the minimum of school at
tendance should be reduced to fifteen. It cannot affect thickly settled
neighborhoods in any way, and would be of advantage in all mountain
ous districts.
AMELIA. — " So far as this county is concerned, the presentminimum
(20 ) is about right. As population and attendance increase , it should
be raised within certain limits. The true minimum is a nice point,
being the adjusting balance between diffusion and concentration ."
AMHERST. — " Perhaps twenty average attendance is a little too high
56
SECOND ANNUAL REPORT OF THE
for sparsely settled counties. There is a good deal to be said on both
sides of the question . I hardly know what is right. Perhaps a com
promise on seventeen or eighteen would be better."
APPOMATTOX.-— “ Never reduce the minimum of attendance with the
present scanty funds. The numbers must be kept up , or the life of the
schools will die .”
AUGUSTA.-— " It is not desirable as a general thing that the required
minimum should be reduced, but a discretion might be allowed the
county board in special cases, making the limit of that discretion , say
fifteen .”
BATH AND HIGHLAND. — “ I do not think it desirable that the re
quired minimum of school attendance should be decreased. Asthe regu
lations now stand, I think every neighborhood is as fairly provided for
as can be done by any general regulation.”
BEDFORD. — " I do not favor the reduction of the 'minimum of school
attendance.' In most neighborhoods the minimum of twenty can be
easily maintained, provided the people are united. The Board of Edu
cation has already made ample provision for exceptional cases. One
certain result of reducing the minimum would subject school officers to
great annoyance, arising from importunities to multiply schools. We
have already quite as many schools as we have the means to supply
with competent teachers .”
BLAND. — “ A reduction is desirable in Bland - say, where we have
been restricted (by special provision ) to 15 , it shall be 12 ; and instead
of 20 as the minimum in other cases, say 17 or 18 . This is needed in
several places in this county.”
BOTETOURT. — “ My opinion is that the required minimum of school
attendance should not be reduced .”
BRUNSWICK. — " It is very desirable that the required minimum of
school attendance should be brought down from twenty to fifteen , and
more particularly so as one of the school districts in the county has
adopted that minimum ."
BUCHANAN.— “ It is desirable that the minimum of school attendance
be reduced to fifteen .”
BUCKINGHAM .— " It is not thought desirable that the minimum of
school attendance should be reduced, except in special cases, as is now
provided."
CAMPBELL.-— " I see no good reason for changing the law regulating
school attendance."
CAROLINE. — “ It is not desirable that the minimum attendance should
be reduced below fifteen .”
CARROLL. — " I do not consider it advisable at present."
CHARLES CITY AND NEW KENT. — " I think the required minimum of
school attendance is too large for our region of the State , not for want
SUPERINTENDENT OF PUBLIC INSTRUCTION .'
57
of sufficient population, but on account of peculiar difficulties in
continuing children at school. In summer and autumn agricultural
occupation , and the prevalence of malarious disease, combine to prevent
the desired regularity , and in winter and spring the wet condition of the
roads interposes another formidable obstacle ; for, it should be remem
bered , that much of the country is for several months under water,
whereas in more northern latitudes the frost and snow make walking to
and from school easy and agreeable . The average attendance ought, in
my judgment, to be reduced to fifteen , if not lower.”
CHARLOTTE . — “ For rural districts such as ours, with no centres of
population, the required minimum for school attendance should, I think ,
not be higher than fifteen.”
CHESTERFIELD. — “ We have difficulty in keeping up schools in some
parts of the county with an average of twenty pupils, and would sug
gest that the County School Board be empowered to legalize schools of
fifteen when necessary .”
CLARKE. — " I should say no. We sometimes find it hard to keep the
number up to twenty, but the requirement has a stimulating effect on
teachers and parents, giving all an interest in securing a regular attend
ance."
CULPEPER.— “ I think not.”
CUMBERLAND.--" In this county thewhitesare sparsely settled in nearly
all parts of the county , whilst we can't go amiss for a full school under
the required minimum of twenty daily average for the colored . So that
in the first case circumstances demand a reduction, and in the other
there is no cause for it. My own opinion is that, with a uniform series
of text-books as good as and such as we have, any teacher who ought to
be licensed can teach and will teach the number required to make the
average until the higher branches are introduced . I therefore think the
present plan of leaving it to the Board of Education is a good one; or
perhaps it would be better to leave it to the county school boards to de
cide upon the merits of each case, and be permitted to reduce to fifteen
daily average, or even in a few , very few rare cases, below that
number."
DINWIDDIE. — " No."
ELIZABETH CITY AND WARWICK . — “ It is not desirable that the re
quired minimum of school attendance should be reduced.'
ESSEX. — “ The most difficult task that trustees now have is to locate
the schools most advantageously . The limited amount of funds necessi
tates fewer schools than are needed , consequently there is no locality in
this county where the required average attendance cannot be had by
any teacher worthy of his vocation . Should the average attendance be
fixed at less than twenty, without a larger yield of local fund , it might
result in the multiplication of schools to a degree that would be de
structive to the economic feature of the public school system .”
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SECOND ANNUAL REPORT OF THE
FAIRFAX,— “ I think not, except as already provided for by regula
tions."
FAUQUIER. — “ The required minimum of school attendance is low
enough. My impression is that it should not be reduced, unless in cases
of extremenecessity. The regulation of the Board of Education of July
10, 1871, covers the whole ground.”
FLOYD. — “ It is not. It had better remain as it is ; but, rather than
reduce it, increase it to twenty -five. The reason is plain .”
FLUVANNA. — “ I scarcely think it is, provided limited schools are
granted.”
FRANKLIN. — “ I do not think the required minimum of school attend
ance should be reduced until we are able to establish more schools.”
FREDERICK. — “ No,not as a general rule. Exceptional cases might
be provided for.”
GILES.— “ I think it would be well to reduce the minimum average
attendance to fifteen , especially in thinly settled neighborhoods, where
an average attendance of twenty cannot be maintained ."
GLOUCESTER.— " I do not think so . Let teachers with smaller aver
ages be paid less."
GOOCHLAND. — ” It is. Twenty is a minimum not easily obtained in
the sparsely populated districts, and it would be well to authorize the
trustees, in their discretion , to reduce it to fifteen .”
GRAYSON. — “ It is not; should rather be raised — say 25.
GREENE AND MADISON. — “ We think it is desirable that the required
minimum of school attendance should be reduced. Experience has
demonstrated that in order to insure the keeping up of a school with a
minimum of twenty pupils, it becomes necessary to have enrolled thirty
five ; and in some instances, forty scholars. At some period during the
session, when home-duties require less attention , all, it may be, will
attend school; and with that number , and one teacher, the child is for
tunate who has justice done him or her. On the other hand, in very
busy seasons, theminimum is scarcely reached ,and a good teacher living
by his or her profession , must suspend the school, and seek employment
of those more ready to do equal justice. Besides this, where the popu
lation is sparse , it is by no means an easy matter to concentrate so many
pupils at any one point, within convenient distance. We would respect
fully suggest fifteen as the minimum .'
GREENSVILLE AND SUSSEX. — “ The minimum of school attendance
was by request reduced in Greensville and Sussex to 15 ; it is desirable ,
however, that it be reduced still lower , for the benefit of the whites.
The country with us is thinly settled , and during the past school year,
even with the minimum of 15, some of our schools had to be closed on
this account. I would propose that theminimum for these two counties
be 13 .”
SUPERINTENDENT OF PUBLIC INSTRUCTION .
59
HALIFAX.— “ It is my decided opinion that it should not be re
duced .”
HANOVER.— “ I am decidedly opposed to any reduction . It would
operate to multiply schools and introduce a class of teachers utterly
destructive to the success of the system . It works well now . I think
it best to let well enough alone.'
HENRICO. — “ I think it desirable that the required minimum of school
attendance should be slightly reduced, say to the number 15 . Often
they have 30 or 40 on the roll, when the average attendance does not
reach 20.”
HENRY. — “ It is not desirable that the required minimum of school
attendance be reduced at present. The present system has a tendency
to stimulate the patrons of the schools to see that their children attend
regularly, as also to induce their neighbor, who might be a little luke
warm , to send punctually , in order that the school may bemaintained .”
ISLE OF WIGHT.— " Theminimum of attendance in the county schools
might be reduced to fifteen during certain months of the year ( say
May, June, July , and perhaps August), with the consent of the trustees,
provided the children are known to remain at home to work .”
JAMES CITY AND YORK .— “ It is. Fifteen ."
KING GEORGE AND STAFFORD . — “ There are but few densely popu
lated localities in Stafford and King George. However great the care
in locating school-houses, it is necessary to reach out two and a -half to
three miles in every direction to get a sufficient number of pupils .
It
is often impossible to walk that distance in winter . At other times the
parents (chiefly of the poorest class ) must have the services of someof
their children or starve. Above all, it must not be forgotten that this
is a fever and ague country . Some of the children ' shake ' three or
four months in the year, and some all the year. I would respectfully
suggest the propriety of reducing the minimum average to sixteen .”
KING & QUEEN AND MIDDLESEX.- " In some localities it will be ab
solutely necessary to reduce the minimum to not less than fifteen .”
KING WILLIAM . — " It is necessary in some cases, but would not ad
vise it as a general rule .”
LANCASTER AND NORTHUMBERLAND.— “ I think not, except in locali
ties such as we have in this county and Lancaster,where, in consequence
of positive isolation , no school could be had, if the maximum average
be required ."
LEE . — “ The minimum for colored schools should be reduced to fif
teen. No other change is desirable.”
LOUDOUN.— “ It is not desirable that the public funds shall beused in
the employment of teachers with an average attendance of less than
twenty . I would carefully avoid increasing the number of teachers at
reduced pay, which would necessarily exclude from our list our most
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SECOND ANNUAL REPORT OF THE
efficient teachers, whose services should command higher wages than
our present limited means permit us to pay."
LOUISA.-- " I favor the present provision of requiring the minimum of
average attendance to be twenty. I see no reason for a change."
LUNENBURG. — “ Let the minimum of school attendance stand at
twenty ."
LYNCHBURG CITY. " As this question concerns counties rather than
cities, I pass it by.”
MECKLENBURG .-- " It may be best to reduce the average of attendance
to sixteen or eighteen. We find it somewhat difficult to secure an ave
rage of twenty . Many parents are compelled to have the assistance of
their children during the farming season, and this in some neighbor
hoods renders it very difficult to keep up an average of twenty.”
MONTGOMERY , - " I do not think it desirable to reduce the minimum
of school attendance, at least until our funds are materially increased .
If we are to be kept in poverty , the movement should be in the other
direction , so as to reduce the number of schools and secure better teach
ers and buildings. At the same time schools should be sustained in
thin , isolated neighborhoods where the average cannot be made,by pro
portioning the appropriation to the average.”
NANSEMOND. — “ I consider that the required minimum of school at
tendance is sufficiently low . If the minimum is reduced, schools will
increase, and teachers' salaries be cut down in proportion to the increase
of schools. Their salaries are now small enough, and in many places
too small.”
NELSON . - " I see no good reason for reducing the minimum of school
attendance. The regulations at present in force seem to meet all the
requirements of the case.”
NORFOLK COUNTY.— " I think it desirable that the minimum be re
duced to fifteen .”
NORFOLK CITY.- " There is no such necessity in the case of our
schools.”
NORTHAMPTON. - " The required minimum of school attendance in the
Eastville and Franktown districts has been reduced to fifteen . I think
it would be well to reduce it to that number also in the Capeville dis
trict. It ought not to be less than fifteen in any district."
NOTTOWAY. — “ In the majority of cases, no reduction is necessary . .
But it is extremely desirable that trustees have the privilege of contract.
ing for schools with average attendance of fifteen and ten scholars, with
out the restriction of private supplement; otherwise some of our largest
tax-payers are so located that they will not in a generation derive any
benefit from public schools.”
ORANGE .- “ Only in special cases, to be recommended by trustees,
and approved by County Superintendent. In very peculiar cases this
SUPERINTENDENT OF PUBLIC INSTRUCTION .
61
discretion might well be extended to schools of only ten pupils, salary
of teacher to be reduced somewhat in proportion.
PAGE AND WARREN . — “ In most cases the present minimum of at
tendance should be maintained , but in some localities it should be re
laxed .”
PATRICK .— " In our county the minimum attendance is small enough."
PETERSBURG . — “ By no means, in our city . Centralization and con
solidation is what we are now aiming to accomplish .”
PITTSYLVANIA. — " The minimum of school attendance should not be
reduced in the least. It is full low . The present law is sufficient for
exceptional cases. I would rather raise than lower."
PORTSMOUTH. — " No."
POWHATAN. — “ Not lower than its present number, 15.”
PRINCE EDWARD. — “ For the whites in the rural districts, if schools
sufficient are provided, sixteen is the highest minimum attainable in
ordinary cases."
PRINCESS ANNE. — “ Yes, to 15.”
PRINCE GEORGE AND SURRY. — " No. The present minimum can be
maintained, in a number of schools, greater than the money subject to
school purposes is sufficient to support."
PRINCE WILLIAM .— " I think not.”
PULASKI. — “ It is not."
RAPPAHANNOCK .— “ I think not, until we have money to establish
more schools ."
RICHMOND AND WESTMORELAND. — " It is not desirable until the
means at command are sufficient to maintain all the schools that might
be established under the present arrangement.”
ROANOKE. — “ I do not think it desirable to diminish the minimum of
school attendance."
ROCKBRIDGE.— “ The present minimum (twenty ) is low enough for
the white population in the greater part of Rockbridge, but there are a
few neighborhoods in which schools with an average attendance of more
than twelve or fifteen could not be kept up for five months of the year ;
but, to reach a majority of the colored children, a much larger propor
tion of the smaller schools would be required than is needed for white
children . I would , therefore, suggest that the present minimum of
twenty be allowed to stand, provided that schools having a minimum
average attendance of not less than twelve be allowed only at such
points as may be approved by the County School Board. It seems to
me that the County School Board could decide such questions more in
telligently than the State Board, because of their better acquaintance
with the wants of their own county . If schools of fifteen were gene
rally allowed, therewould be great danger of having neighborhoods too .
62
SECOND ANNUAL REPORT OF THE
much sub -divided . Every man, you know , wants a school at his own
door, if he has children to send.”
ROCKINGHAM . — " It is not desirable that the minimum (twenty) be
reduced.”
RUSSELL. — “ I do not think it desirable that the required minimum
of school attendance should be reduced.”
Scott. — “ In special cases it might, perhaps, be desirable to reduce
the required minimum of school attendance, say to fifteen , if power could
safely be conferred upon county boards ; colored people might then , in
places where they are sparsely settled , get the benefit of schools, as a
general thing. I believe the minimum , as fixed , should be continued ."
SHENANDOAH. — “ It is not."
SMYTH. — “ It is not.”
SOUTHAMPTON. - " The minimum attendance should be reduced to
fifteen , at the discretion of the trustees."
SPOTSYLVANIA. — “ The minimum number of pupils should be re
duced to ten , in connection with a greatmultiplication of the schools at
small prices for teachers (very capable of teaching branches required by
law ), is the best plan for the people of Virginia , in their present condi
tion of no money and great ignorance."
TAZEWELL.— " I do not think it desirable. I believe it would be an
injury. Exceptional cases will arise, but they are provided for.”
WASHINGTON. — " It is not desirable that the required minimum of
school attendance be reduced , as a rule . The District Boards should
have discretionary power to lower it in exceptional cases.
WISE.— “ It is not desirable that the required minimum of school at
tendance should be reduced.”
WYTHE.— " No."
5. Has any improvement been observed in the qualifications of
teachers ?
ACCOMAC.— " Our teachers are very perceptibly improving. Wegene
rally retain our old ones,most of whom were acceptable to the private
schools prior to the adoption of the present system .
ALBEMARLE. — “ There has been an improvement in the qualification
of teachers."
A LEXANDRIA CITY.— “ Yes ; decidedly ."
ALEXANDRIA COUNTY . — " No."
ent
ms . .—Tho“seButlittle
e been observed
themovem hhas
wiring to improvement
TerCRAIG
ALLEGHANY AND
in the qualification of teachers, owing to the fact that we have no or
ganized corps of teachers. Those who have been teaching several years,
have improved . Terms have been short, and many taught to accommo
date , and not with a view of making teaching a profession. And hence
SUPERINTENDENT OF PUBLIC INSTRUCTION.
63
our failure to get a teachers' institute, although the day wasappointed,
and notice given ."
AMELIA. — “ None yet ; but our teachers ' institute , although held but
a day, evidently had a good admonishing effect. Our teachers will now
improve."
AMHERST. — “ We have endeavored to improve the qualifications of
our teachers every year, by leaving out the most inferior. Good teach
ers are scarce ; and unless we had more means to pay better salaries,
we will have to employ many that we would not do under other circum
stances.”
APPOMATTOX. — “ We trust that we can see an improvement in the
qualification of teachers. It has been our constant aim to impress them
with the importance of this. First , that they may be worthy of the
nameof teachers, and secondly , that they may be able to hold the places
which they now fill."
AUGUSTA. — “ I am sorry to be able to report no marked improvement
in the qualifications of teachers ; and so long as the pay is so limited ,
and the terms so short, we can't expect any great improvement. Never
theless, there are some worthy exceptions."
BATH AND HIGHLAND.— “ A majority of last year's teachers were
licensed to teach this year, and I believe, with marked improvement in
their qualifications. A teacher who does not manifest evidences of im
provement from a five or ten months' experience in the school-room ,
would hardly be fit for the work of teaching, or indeed of anything else
demanding clearness of perception and facility of expression . Ofthirty
three teachers examined , eleven had received a collegiate education .”
BEDFORD. - " There has been a very manifest improvement in the
qualifications of teachers, both as regards attainments and style of
work .”
BLAND. — “ An improvement, as to literary qualifications, is observa
ble in our teachers ; but there has been no marked improvement in
ability to govern a school.”
BOTETOURT. — “ There has been a manifest improvement in the quali
fications of teachers.”
BRUNSWICK.— “ There hasbeen but a very little change in the teach
ers since the first opening of the schools. Many of them are highly
educated gentlemen and ladies, and all are qualified to instruct the chil
dren committed to their charge."
BUCHANAN.— “ There has.”
BUCKINGHAM . — “ Great improvement has been observed in the quali
fications of teachers.”
CAMPBELL. — “ Some improvement in the qualifications of teachers.
A few of last year's teachers have been refused license, and better
qualified persons substituted.”
64
SECOND ANNUAL REPORT OF THE
CAROLINE.-- " The present corps of teachers is the best we have had
at all ; most of the teachers of white schools being competent to teach
schools of a high grade.”
CARROLL. — “ There has been a decided improvement in our teachers."
CHARLES CITY AND NEW KENT.— “ I am sorry to say that our teach
ers have given little evidence of actual improvement.”
CHARLOTTE.— “ There has been some; not so much as I had hoped."
CHESTERFIELD.— “ There has been much improvement in the qualifi
cations of teachers."
CLARKE. — “ There has been considerable improvement. The number
of teachers offering for next year is much larger than before, which of
itself allows of more strict examinations. The increased popularity of
the schools, with some slight improvement in wages, attracts better
teachers. The fact that they are to be subjected to an examination leads
many to study, especially , when having once had a thorough testing,
they are admonished to be better prepared next time. I think much
good is accomplished in this way, even when certificates are not with
held , which we are not always able to do without leaving our schools
destitute.”
CULPEPER. — “ Very considerable.”
CUMBERLAND. - " I am not mistaken when I say that I have observed
a very decided and rapid improvement in the qualifications of teachers
in all the elements constituting a good teacher — thorough acquaintance
with the various subjects taught, aptness of imparting what they know ,
diligence in their work, zeal in the cause, a laudable emulation for ex
cellence — and above all, and overshadowing all, a high sense of respon
sibility as to their duty in inculcating good manners and good morals,
by precept and example , in those entrusted to their care. This applies.
to teachers of both white and colored schools ; and this improvement has
been manifest in character and advancement of the children to a vast
extent.
" In our corps of teachers for colored schools we have severalwho are
classical and mathematical scholars, and whose social standing is, and
ever has been, among the Virginia gentry of the old school. There is
no lack of good teachers among us.”
DINWIDDIE .— “ Very slight.”
ELIZABETH CITY AND WARWICK. — “ I have observed marked im
provement in the qualifications of teachers, a large majority of whom in
my counties have been retained , and are doing excellent service. They
have the confidence of the officers of the public schools, and of the peo
ple at large."
Essex.— " The test of qualification of teachers, with the beginning of
the county were apprised of this fact. The result was, that several who
this scholastic year, was considerably raised ; the teachers throughout
SUPERINTENDENT OF PUBLIC INSTRUCTION .
65
taught last year did not put in for re-examination . Still, I experienced
no difficulty in enrolling double the number of applicants needed.”
FAIRFAX.— “ The general tendency is toward improvement, but in
many instances the qualifications are not such as I would desire.”
FAUQUIER .— “ Teachers are becoming more fully impressed with the
importance of their calling, and most of them exhibit decided improve
ment. "
FLOYD — " There has been some improvemert, and this would be
more manifest, if all the teachers were required to submit a written
examination ."
FLUVANNA. - " Quite marked ."
FRANKLIN . — “ I am sorry to report that very little improvement has
been observed in the qualifications of teachers. I think, however, that
by means of teachers' institutes and rigid examinations we will be able
to rouse them from their lethargy."
FREDERICK . — “ No. We have generally had competent, and some
superior teachers.”
GILES.----" A decided improvement has been observed in the qualifi
cations of teachers, both in their ideas of school discipline and govern
ment and in their literary attainments.'
GLOUCESTER. — " I think so.”
GOOCHLAND.— “ Yes. But this will be greater and more rapid when
we shall be able to pay better salaries and give employment for the
whole year. At present too many of our teachers take schools as a tem
porary occupation, with no idea of making teaching a vocation, but to
last only till they can obtain some other employment.”
GRAYSON. — “ Decided.”
GREENE AND MADISON . — " The improvement in teachers consists chiefly
in a separation of the bad from the good .
The effort to teach has on
the part of some developed a want of capacity for the work, of which
they were ignorant without a trial. There is a growing demand for
good teachers.”
GREENSVILLE AND SUSSEX. — “ There has been considerable improve
ment in the qualifications of our teachers for white schools, but very
little in those for colored schools."
HALIFAX. - " I think there has been . The boards of trustees seem
determined to select the best qualified teachers they can get, and in
order to do so, are inclined to raise their pay.”
HANOVER. — “ Many teachers have given more attention to the text
books, and I think I have seen many evidences of improvement in the
method of teaching. Much is still to be expected .”
HENRICO.-— " There is no very perceptible improvement as yet in the
SECOND ANNUAL REPORT OF THE
66
qualifications of the teachers, but they do very well, and are suited to
the positions they hold.”
HENRY.— " I cannot say that any decided improvement in the quali
fications of teachers has been observed .
The teachers' institute, and the
general manner in which education is beginning to be discussed , must
very reasonably do much towards securing better talent and stimulating
all to greater efforts towards proficiency.”
ISLE OF WIGHT. — “ Possibly I notice a slight improvement in their
method of teaching."
JAMES CITY AND YORK. — “ Very great. The teachers are thehardest
students in school. The annual examination is a great stimulus in this
respect.'
KING GEORGE AND STAFFORD. — " There has been considerable im
provement in many of the teachers. The essays read at teachers' meet
ings, and the views expressed at other times upon various subjects con
nected with their profession , discover clearness of apprehension and
fitness of adaptation that untrained teachers can only acquire by de
voted zeal. Another cheering evidence of increasing interest is to be
observed in the eagerness of many teachers to procure school-room ap
pliances, some of them having used their private means for that purpose
rather than be denied the advantages arising from their use ."
KING & QUEEN AND MIDDLESEX. — “ In many cases very decided im
provement, particularly with those who have been induced to study
* Page on Teaching.'”
KING WILLIAM . — “ There has."
LANCASTER AND NORTHUMBERLAND. — “ All my teachers have studied
whilst teaching."
LEE. — “ Very greatdesire for further improvement.”
LOUDOUN. — “ At the commencement of each scholastic year I have
elevated the standard of qualifications, so as to retain only our best
teachers, and employ such others to fill vacancies as can come up to our
advanced standard."
LOUISA. — " This question, so far as our county is concerned, I think
may be answered in the affirmative."
LUNENBURG . — “ The teachers of white schools show an improvement
in qualifications."
LYNCHBURG CITY.— “ Some little. The lack of specially educated
and normally trained teachers is still to be noticed as a great evil. We
have a normal department in our high schools, and expect to supply our
own teachers in future years, specially trained ; and consider that no
system is complete that has not within itself some source of supply of
this sort."
MECKLENBURG . — “ Wehave better teachers this year than were em
ployed during 1870 – 71, though many of them are still really incompe
SUPERINTENDENT OF PUBLIC INSTRUCTION .
67
tent. This is especially true of teachershaving charge of colored schools.
We find it impossible to obtain a supply of teachers. Please permit me
to say that it was on account of this fact that we had no colored school
in Bluestone township this year.”
MONTGOMERY.— “ Yes."
NANSEMOND. — “ In this county the qualifications of teachers are about
the same as those of the first year. Many of them taught private
schools in this county , with much acceptability and success, before the
public schools went into operation ; many are regular graduates of
schools of high grade, and all persons of the highest respectability,
honor, and integrity of character . This applies to the white teachers.
There is some improvement in the colored teachers . We are gradually
introducing graduates from Hampton, and hope in a few years that all
the colored schools will be taught by them ."
NELSON .— “ The improvement in our teachers has not been what I
could desire. The difficulty with us is to find competent teachers who
are willing to engage for only five months in the year at the reduced
wages our trustees are forced to pay, in order, as far as possible, to meet
the demand for schools.”
NORFOLK COUNTY. — “ Increased interest in their schools, as well as
improved qualifications, has been observed .”
NORFOLK CITY. — “ No changes among the teachers in our white
schools have been made, and but few found necessray in the colored
ones. A natural capacity, aided by growing experience, cannot fail to
show itself in a decided improvement; and such a result has been ob
tained in our schools."
NORTHAMPTON.— “ The white teachers, I think , are qualified and
faithful.”
NOTTOWAY. — " There has been general improvement, and in special
cases, decided improvement.'
ORANGE. — “ Am sorry to say there is very little. One great aim in
my addresses to the people is to satisfy them that they can have good
teachers, and can have them only by procuring a county tax sufficient
to maintain the schools the whole term .
PAGE AND WARREN . — “ I cannot say that much improvement has
been observed in the qualifications of teachers.”
PATRICK.~ “ Wehave been much more strict this year in our exami
nation of teachers, and , as a whole, we have improved considerably upon
last year.”
PETERSBURG . — " The teachers generally have improved wonderfully .
School government is now understood and enforced .”
PITTSYLVANIA. — “ There is considerable improvement in qualification
of teachers, and it will increase in future."
68
SECOND ANNUAL REPORT OF THE
PORTSMOUTH. — “ Some.”
PowHATAN. — “ Very little.”
PRINCE EDWARD.— “ Several have manifested marked, and all en
couraging improvement. As a whole , the character of the teachers is
the most, nearly only, auspicious sign of future success for the scheme.
PRINCESS ANNE.— “ Yes."
PRINCE GEORGE AND SURRY.— “ None worthy of remark.”
PRINCE WILLIAM. — “ Very decided."
PULASKI.— “ Improvement noted , and tendency in that direction
good .”
RAPPAHANNOCK. — “ Yes, in the qualifications of the younger teach
ers."
RICHMOND CITY. — “ Our schools are gradually absorbing the best of
the teaching material of the private schools. Our teachers are zealous,
earnest and faithful in the discharge of their duties, and are generally
being better qualified as teachers by adopting more advanced plans and
methods of instruction. The very general desire to read educational
periodicals and professional works on teaching encourages the hope that
they are beginning to appreciate the necessity for thorough training in
order to succeed in the profession ."
RICHMOND AND WESTMORELAND. — “ I think there is some improve
ment in the qualifications of teachers. My policy is to make the ex
amination more rigid each time, for the purpose of compelling improve
ment in those who have taught before.”
ROANOKE. — “ Much improvement has been observed in the qualifica
tions of teachers.”
ROCKBRIDGE. — " Under the powerful stimulus of the annual examina
tions, teachers of this county have generally made decided improvement
in their qualifications. Those who have heretofore stood well as to
scholarship are now examined chiefly on their modes of teaching."
ROCKINGHAM .— “ A very decided improvement is manifest, and uni
versally acknowledged ."
RUSSELL. — “ The majority of teachers in this county have made con
siderable improvement in qualifications. I advise them to take the
Educational Journal, Page's Theory of Teaching, & c.”
SCOTT.— “ Some little improvement has been observed in the qualifi
cations of teachers, but many seem quite careless of improvement."
SHENANDOAH . — “ Yes."
SMYTH .— " A marked improvement observable.”
SPOTSYLVANIA . — " The most of the teachers in our county are capa
ble.
I have not seen much improvement yet.
ficient experience."
They have not had suf
SUPERINTENDENT OF PUBLIC INSTRUCTION .
69
SOUTHAMPTON.— “ A noted improvement in the qualifications of
teachers has been observed .”
TAZEWELL.— " Some improvement has been made, and I am inclined
to believe there will be more from year to year."
WASHINGTON. - " Weare improving our teachers. But the want of
sufficient funds to increase the salaries is a great impediment."
WISE . — " Much improvement has been observed in the qualifications
of teachers .”
WYTHE.— “ Yes, considerable .”
6. Brief account of teachers' institutes or other educationalmeetings
held during the year.
s
Another 'inst
ACCOMAC. — “ Two teachers' institutes have been held in this county,
with good results. Another was appointed to be held in August, but
the teachers being scattered so much during vacation I found it neces
to posts being
sary to postpone it."
ALBEMARLE. — “ The institute of the teachers was held in Charlottes
ville on the 17th and 18th of July . The attendance ofteachers was not
as large as it ought to have been ; but the meeting was an interesting
and profitable one."
ALEXANDRIA CITY. — " A teachers' institute was held in the common
council chamber, on the 26th, 27th and 28th days of August. The at
tendance of teachers was excellent, only one being absent, and many
private teachers and others being in attendance. Lectures were deliv
ered by Benjamin Hallowell, of Montgomery county ,Md., who taught
here forty years ,on “ The method of teaching arithmetic,” “ Themethod
of teaching grammar," " Schoolmanagement ” and “ Self-improvement;"
by the Hon . J. Ormond Wilson, Superintendent of Schools in the Dis
trict of Columbia , on general topics ; by Wm . F . Carnes, one of our
trustees, on “ Phonetics,” two lectures; by Henry C . Spencer , President
of the Washington Business College, on " Spencerian Penmanship ;" by
Francis Miller, of Montgomery county , Md., on “ School studies," & c .;
and by myself, on “ The metric system of weights and measures.”
The
meeting was a delightful one."
ALEXANDRIA County.— " Noticed in city report. Few country
teachers were present.”
ALLEGHANY AND CRAIG . — " But little improvement has been observed
in the qualification of teachers, owing to the fact that we have no or
ganized corps of teachers. Those who have been teaching several years
have improved . Termshave been short, and many taught to accommo
date , and not with a view ofmaking teaching a profession . And hence
our failure to get a teachers' institute,although the day was appointed
and notice given."
AMELIA . — “ Our institute (August 19) had a very small attendance
70
SECOND ANNUAL REPOR OF THE
T
(7), owing to the great prevalence of malarious fevers, and was there
fore open only one day. Questions of school organization , discipline,
and methods of teaching were discussed by the teachers. Teachers'
district associations were earnestly recommended. I am sure that the
effect will be most salutary . I will hold the next during the winter ,
and require the attendance of all. Special subjects will be assigned to
each teacher somemonths previously .”
AMHERST. — “ A teachers' institute was held at the Courthouse on the
1st of August. It was meagerly attended . Mr. P . H . Cabell, the
county superintendent of Nelson , was present, and addressed the meet
ing on the advantages of the teachers' institute. Several questionswere
discussed by the teachers that were present, Mr. Cabell participating in
the debate ; among which were : ' How many hours per day should
children be confined to the school-room ? To what extent should cor
poreal punishment be used ? What is the best mode of teaching chil
dren the alphabet ? & c., & c.” .
APPOMATTOX. — “ We held a teachers' institute of two days' continu
ance, in August, at Appomattox Courthouse. This was attended by
most of the teachers. Theteachers were requested by the superintendent
before the meeting to write essays upon a set of subjects furnished by
him - educational in nature and kindred to interests of the schools. This
request was generally complied with.
The first day was occupied in
reading essays, and interchanging views on essays and portions treated
of. The essays were generally very entertaining, and so were the inter
changing of views. The second day was occupied in interchanging
views as to the proper mode of teaching each study prescribed for the
schools, and kindred matters. We think that these meetings entirely
waked up those that were present. The teachers, upon suggestion of
the superintendent, appointed a meeting to organize a teachers' associa
tion in this county during this month, from which we hope that good
will follow .”
AUGUSTA.— “ There was no teachers ' institute held during the year,
but one was held the middle of August, 1871, just preceding the be
ginning of the scholastic year. But for my absence I should have in
vited the teachers to attend the meeting of the State Educational Con
vention , which met in Staunton in July last. In Middle River district
several teachers met occasionally and discussed, with interest,modes of
teaching.”
BATH AND HIGHLAND. — “ One teachers' institute only was held
during the year, and that one in Monterey, Highland county ; though
an institute was advertised for Bath , but failed for want of attendance
on the part of the teachers- only one teacher and the county superin
tendent being present. The institute at Monterey commenced on Mon
day, August 26 , and continued till Tuesday night, the 27th , with two
sessions a day. A programme of exercises had been arranged some
time before the meeting, and distributed to some extent among the
teachers of the county, indicating the presence and assistance of the
Rev. C . S. M . Lee, Judge Sieg, and Wm . W . Fleming, Esq.,who kindly
SUPERINTENDENT OF PUBLIC INSTRUCTION .
71
promised the influence of their names and presence for the occasion ;
and the zeal and fidelity with which these gentlemen discharged the
duties assigned them in the published programme cannot be too highly
commended. More than one-half of the teachers were absent,but their
loss was in somemeasure compensated for by the presence of a goodly
number of the citizens of the county, who paid a respectful and con
stant attendance upon the sittings of the institute. The discussions as
sumed a varied and wholly practical range, and I cannot but think those
teachers present went away feeling that it was not in vain they had come
out and met together.
I am strongly inclined to the opinion that the
attendance upon these institutes by the teachers of the county should be
made in some manner or degree obligatory. A regulation requiring
their attendance, without some good excuse, or a forfeiture of their
license,might have the desired effect of securing fuller meetings.”
BEDFORD. — “ During vacation I attempted a teachers' institute, and
gave ten days' notice through the local boards and a local newspaper,
but I am sorry to report the project a mortifying failure. I propose
during the present term to organize teachers' institutes in the several
districts, with the hope of better success.”
BLAND. — “ A teachers' institute was held at Seddon, February last,
the 8th , 9th and 10th . Twenty -six teachers of the twenty-nine were
present most of the time.
A number of the school trustees attended
likewise, and a house full of interested spectators. There were lectures
delivered on nearly all the branches taught in our public schools ; on
the qualifications and duties of teachers ; in the defense of our school
system ; on the importance of building and furnishing good school
houses ; on the relation of school officers, parents and teachers to the
work of education , & c ., & c. It was an interesting and profitable insti
tute.'
BOTETOURT. — “ Our teachers ' institutes have been well attended , and
they have proved a great blessing to teachers. Wehave held three such
meetings during the past year.”
BRUNSWICK. — “ There have been no meetings of the kind herein
mentioned .”
BUCHANAN . — “ There were two teachers' institutesheld in this county,
which were well attended .”
BUCKINGHAM . — “ A teachers' institute was held at Buckingham C .
H . on the 21st August, 1872, which was tolerably well attended . Dr.
Richard Walton , the county superintendent of schools for Cumberland,
was present, and rendered valuable service, as did other gentlemen .
The institute was a decided success, and of great benefit to the cause of
education in this county. (See account of it forwarded to the office of
the Superintendent Public Instruction at the time, giving subjects dis
cussed , speakers, & c.)”
CAMPBELL. — “ The first effort to convene the teachers of the county
failed . Another appointment for the first Monday in August wasmore
successful. There were fifteen teachers present. The superintendent,
72
SECOND ANNUAL REPORT OF THE
after lecturing for an hour, entered into an examination of their respec
tive methods of conducting their schools , eliciting some discussion . Ap
pointments were made for the next session , to deliver a lecture in each
of the districts, and one for the county at large."
CAROLINE. “ We held a teachers' institute on July 12th, 1872. Ad
dresses were delivered by the county superintendent and three of the
teachers, and then we had a very interesting discussion, participated in
by quite a number of the teachers and several trustees, and the county
superintendent, as to the best methods of discipline, the best kinds of
punishment, the advantages of classification , the best arrangement of
school furniture, school yards, & c., concluding with an animated discus
sion as to the best expedients for awakening the mindsofthe pupils and
imparting instruction in all the different studies embraced in the public
school curriculum ."
CARROLL . — “ A county teachers' institute was held at Hillsville on
the 3rd and 4th of November.
Forty -two teachers were in attendance.
Addresses were delivered by the superintendent, Rev. T. J. Stone, and
R . M . Brown, Esq., of this county, and G . H . Sutherland , Esq ., of St.
Joseph, Mo. Great interest was manifested. Three district institutes
were held - one in Pine Creek on the 1st of January ; one in Piper Gap
on the 16th and 17th of February ; the other in Laurel Fork on the
15th and 16th of March . All were well attended .”
CHARLES CITY AND NEW KENT. — “ A teachers' institute was held in
each county during the year. The number attending was very small,
but those present exhibited a commendable desire to acquire information
upon educational questions. Methods of instruction and discipline were
discussed , and the merits of text-books canvassed with freedom , and I
hope the next appointment will be more fully and profitably attended.”
CHARLOTTE. — “ We held three teachers' institutes during the year.
At one of them , which was pretty well attended , there was a teachers'
association organized , and steps were taken to collect a teachers' library .
The salaries offered for teaching are so small that but few , if any, look
to it as a profession ; hence the difficulty of creating anything like an
esprit du corps amongst them , or of infusing any strong desire for im
provement in their calling."
CHESTERFIELD. — “ There have been several institutes held . The lec
tures of Professors Hotchkiss and Winston at our meeting in September
were of great value as a means of instructing teachers and arousing the
people on the subject of education .”
CLARKE.— “ An educational meeting (teachers' institute we called it)
was held in the Presbyterian Church at Berryville, on April 17th. It
was well attended by teachers, school officers, and the community gen
erally. Addresses were delivered , by Maj. Jed. Hotchkiss on the sub
ject of teaching geography, and by Dr. B . Sears on public education .
The effect of the meeting, on public opinion was excellent. I believe
that on no other day within the history of the public schools of this
SUPERINTENDENT OF PUBLIC INSTRUCTION .
73
county has so much been done to strengthen the cause . The meeting
was a decided success."
CULPEPER. — " No institutes during last year, from the fact of my in
ability to attend to them . We, this year, intend holding district teach
ers'meetings, and teachers' institutes in June next.”
CUMBERLAND.— “ We have held only one teachers' institute during
the year, and no educationalmeeting strictly so - called , except, and con
stantly as occasion presented , meetings of the several boards of trustees
at the school-houses in their districts. Our institute was well attended
by teachers, and tolerably well by others, and although I think great
good was done by the several speakers (among them teachers in our
public schools), I do not think as much good was done or could be done
in this or any other way as by making these meetings ' temporary nor
mal schools. "
DINWIDDIE. — “ Held 22d August. Interesting, and hope profitable.”
ELIZABETH CITY AND WARWICK. — “ During the year one teachers'
meeting was held , at which the county superintendent presided, and
addresses were made by several gentlemen interested in but not con
nected with the public schools. A teachers' institute was formed. Sev
eral interesting questions were discussed by the teachers, and the chair
man was directed to appoint members to compose essays to be read
before the next meeting, on the following subjects : The best mode of
governing a school '; The best system of rewards and punishments” ;
. In what, particulars, if any, the school law should be altered,' and
other subjects of interest. It was resolved by the institute to meet
quarterly in Hampton.”
ESSEX. — As requested by published notice, the teachers of the county
assembled at the Courthouse , June 26th and 27th, in attendance upon
the institute . It was duly organized , a constitution and by-laws
adopted , officers elected , and the appropriate committees appointed .
An address was delivered by the superintendent on the Objects and
advantages of institutes'; alsó , a lecture on the ‘Use and manner of
teaching geography, illustrated with the globe.' John T. Hundley ,
teacher in Rappahannock district, delivered an address on the benefits
of regular meetings of teachers , and a free interchange of opinions as
to the best modes of imparting instruction in primary schools . A com
mittee on business was appointed, and empowered to make all necessary
arrangements for the institutes to be held during the fourth week in
June, 1873 .”
FAIRFAX.- " No institutes, for want of means and material.”
FAUQUIER. — “ A teachers' institute was held on the 22d, 23d and
24th days of August. Considering the fact that the county is very
large, and many of the teachers residing at remote distances from War
renton , the institute was well attended and much interest manifested.” .
FLOYD . — “ There were two institutes held during the year. At both
there was a tolerably full attendance of teachers. Instruction in gram
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SECOND ANNUAL REPORT OF THE
mar, arithmetic and object-teaching were given. Teachers and some
invited parties held a lively debate on corporeal punishment at one of
these meetings. Several appropriate addresses were delivered at each
of these meetings. It is the desire of the teachers to protract these
meetings. As teachers will be required hereafter to make up Christmas
holidays, would it not be a good thing to hold the week for teachers'
institutes ? While the pupils are at play the teacherswill be in school."
FLUVANNA. — “ No meetings except a picnic by one of the graded
schools, which was quite largely attended and very successfully con
ducted.”
FRANKLIN . — " A teachers' institute was held on the 21st and 22d
days of August. About twenty teachers attended . It was the first
meeting of the kind ever held in the county, and very few persons un
derstood the true object of it, or it would doubtless have been more fully
attended .
There were no lecturers or instructors present ; severalwere
invited to attend. But the teachers very freely discussed a greatmany
questions pertaining to school government, and the best methods of in
struction . The institute was regularly organized, and adopted a consti
tution , by -laws and rules of order. The constitution provides that the
institute shall be held twice a year, at such times and places as a com
mittee appointed for the purpose shall fix."
FREDERICK . — “ Only one “ educational meeting' held ; attended by Dr.
Sears and Maj. Hotchkiss ; only a few hours' notice.”
GILES. — “ Two teachers ' institutes have been held within the county ,
as well as a number of informal teachers' meetings, all of which contri
buted to excite, a spirit of emulation among the teachers, and to inspire
them with a determination not to be excelled . Lectures were delivered
on various subjects connected with education and school government by
the teachers of the county , and the debates that ensued were particu
larly interesting and improving.”
GLOUCESTER. — “ We had no teachers' institute. We had an educa
tional meeting, in which we considered the erecting of an academy, or
suitable building for a graded school, near the Courthouse. A generous
hearted gentleman promised us $ 750, if we would raise $500 . Wehave
nearly half subscribed.”
GOOCHLAND.— “ None have been held in this county this year.”
GRAYSON. — “ One institute, and two educational meetings. Small at
tendance. Discussions lively , and very interesting. Teachers and people
appeared edified, and the educational spirit strengthened .”
GREENE AND MADISON. — “ Wehad two meetings of 'teachers' insti
tutes ' in this district during the session ; one in each county . They were
· occasions of deep interest to the school officers and teachers in attend
ance. Many distinguished gentlemen , divines , honorables, senators,
judges and professors, honored us with their presence, and listened with
apparently deep interest to the exercises of themeeting. These consisted
in suggestions as to the object of the meetings, the reading of essays
SUPERINTENDENT OF PUBLIC INSTRUCTION.
75
written by the teachers, and able and eloquent lectures, by Professor
Curry of Richmond College.”
GREENSVILLE AND SUSSEX. — “ Our teachers' institute was held in
Sussex, near Jarratt's Depot, August 8th. The teachers who attended ,
about one-half, seemed much interested , and I think that the effects of
themeeting will be felt in carrying on the system during the coming
year.”
HALIFAX.- " I called a meeting of the teachers of Red Bank district
on November 18th . Only one teacher present. Therefore there was
no meeting:
" I appointed the 21st of March for a meeting of the teachers of
Staunton district at Republican Grove. All the teachers present but
two.
The meeting was rather interesting. The subject of school dis
cipline was discussed . The meeting adjourned late in the afternoon ;
said they would arrange to meet once a month.
: “ I appointed a meeting of teachers in Meadsville district, April 20th.
Three teachers present. Discussed the question what is the bestmethod
of teaching the letters and spelling ? I suggested to them to arrange
with the other teachers a monthly meeting ; they acknowledged such an
arrangement promised good results, and said they would do so .
“ There were meetings appointed in other districts, which failed from
bad weather and other causes.
“ I called a meeting of all the teachers of the county to meet at the
courthouse August 15th. There were fifteen teachers present, and some
of the trustees and other gentlemen attended the meeting. Mr. Ander
son , principal of a public school in Lynchburg. was present, and gave
an interesting account of the ' Lynchburg teachers' institute,' and read
to the meeting its constitution and by -laws. P . H . Carpenter, Esq. de
livered an instructive and interesting address upon the study of the
English language. Some discussion followed upon his address. Mr.
John J . Powell also delivered an address. Twenty -one put their names
down as members of the institute. Upon motion , a committee of five
was appointed to report a constitution and by- laws to a future meeting ;
and on motion , it was determined that a meeting should be held on the
14th of September. The institute did meet again on the 14th of Sep
tember.
The committee reported a constitution and by-laws, which
were adopted , and a very interesting essay was read by Mr. Thomas E .
Barksdale . Some eight or ten others joined the institute. It is called
the 'Halifax teachers' institute,' and will hold monthly meetings. Its
next meeting will be on Saturday, the 12th of October, at which meet
ing is to be discussed the question 'what is the best method of teaching
Arithmetic ?" "
HANOVER. — “ We held on the 23rd of August, in the upper end of
the county, a teachers' institute, which was attended by many teachers.
Mr. Alfred Duke read an essay, setting forth the advantages of a well
regulated system of public free schools. His views were eminently prac
tical, and produced à fine impression upon the audience. Mr. B . K .
Cocke gave his views upon the proper method of teaching arithmetic.
i
SECOND ANNUAL REPORT OF THE
He favored mental arithmetic, combined with free use of the blackboard .
He contended that teachers should not servilely follow the text, but
seek examples and illustrations suited to the wants and capacities of
their pupils. Messrs. T. C . Brown and E . Taylor gave very interesting
accounts of their manner of teaching colored schools. The Superinten
dent then explained fully the law , and stated the wants and difficulties
with which school officers had to contend, the importance of the institute
in promoting uniformity in the method of teaching throughout the
county, and urged teachers to allow no mere question of convenience to
prevent their attendance. I think the impression on teachers and audi
ence was a good one, and we hope much good was effected . Weexpect
to meet often the next session . The County Board will make an appro
priation for us at its nextmeeting.”
HENRICO. — “ By consultation with the trustees, it was not deemed
practicable or desirable to hold a teachers' institute during the past year,
and consequently none has been held ; but we indulge the hope of hold
ing one or more during the next scholastic term ."
HENRY. — " The organization of the teachers' institute for this county
took place at Martinsville on the 26th day of August, at which a large
number of teachers, several eminent clergymen and membersofthe legal
profession , were present as active participants. The various branches
of education were discussed, and a lively interest manifested by all pre
sent, and an adjournment to meet on the 8th November next."
ISLE OF WIGHT. — “ A teachers 'institute was held at the courthouse
August 19th . Very slim attendance of teachers and trustees, and a few
of the people . The orator for the occasion being unavoidably absent,
the meeting was conducted by a familiar and informal conversation be
tween the County Superintendent and the teachers as to the proper
method of teaching certain branches."
JAMES CITY AND YORK.— “ One held in Williamsburg. The unex
ampled cold weather made it a failure in numbers. The apparatus
necessary for a public school, and the uses of such apparatus,' The best
method of teaching spelling, grammar, geography , arithmetic, & c.,' and
“ The use of the rod ,' were discussed in a free and easy style, but with
marked ability , by Col. R . E . Withers, Mr. Phelps, agent for Brown and
Tilotson , Boston, the Faculty of William and Mary College, and several
of the teachers."
KING GEORGE AND STAFFORD.-— " A teachers ' institute was held at
King George Courthouse on the 8th August. Fourteen of the teachers
were present, several of the trustees, and others. There was a full and
free interchange of views concerning the best plan to prevent irregular
attendance , and to constrain parents to visit the schools which their
children attend . The discussions of the day elicited some intelligent
and well-considered views as to the best aids in teaching various
branches, and the daily course of preparation necessary to qualify the
teacher for the exercises of each day . The same occurred at Stafford
Courthouse at a later period.”
SUPERINTENDENT OF PUBLIC INSTRUCTION .
77
KING & QUEEN AND MIDDLESEX.— " The annual institute last year
was well attended and interesting, and, I trust, profitable. It seemed
to produce a favorable impression upon the masses of both races ."
KING WILLIAM .— “ Nothing of the kind held.”
LANCASTER AND NORTHUMBERLAND.-— " I appointed a teachers' in
stitute for the two counties, to be held at Lancaster Courthouse, but
deferred it, upon application of teachers and trustees, until this fall.”
LEE. — “ Had two institutes of three days each. Drilled the teachers
on The Nature and Power of Letters,' 'English grammar,' & c ., & c .
Addressed the people on the last day of each meeting with manifest
profit to all. Teachers are studying Page's Theory and Practice of
Teaching.' ”
LOUDOUN. — “ Our first institute was held in August, 1872. Much
information was gained by an interchange of views and opinions among
ourselves. We propose holding another in January , 1873 , when a full
attendance of teachers will be required. Speakers from abroad are ex
pected. A report of proceedings will be furnished you at the time.”
LOUISA. — “ Our teachers' institute, held at Louisa Courthouse in the
early part of July , was very interesting, and, I have no doubt, very
profitable. Col. Withers , of Virginia , Prof. Kemper, of Louisa, Judge
Lane, of Louisa , and other distinguished gentlemen interested in the
work of education , were present,and took a most active part in the pro
ceedings of the institute. Essays were read and speeches delivered
upon many subjects connected with education, and a fine and liberal
spirit prevailed . All seemed to be enthusiastically in favor of such
meetings for the county at least for once a year. Monthly district
meetings were resolved on, and other resolutions, expressive of liberal
views upon the subject of general education, were adopted.”
LUNENBURG. — “ We had an appointment for a teachers' meeting, but
owing to somemisunderstanding as to the day of meeting it failed in its
object.”
LYNCHBURG . - " Wehold monthly teachers ' institutes, confined to the
public school teachers of the city . Much interest is taken by the
teachers, and considerable benefit has accrued therefrom to teachers,
schools, and superintendent."
MECKLENBURG .— “ We had two appointments for a teachers' institute,
one in Clarksville,the other in Flat Creek township . The day appointed
for the meeting in Clarksville was such as to prevent our meeting,
though the attendance would have been small had the day been favor
able .
Themeeting in Flat Creek township was small also , the weather
being very unfavorable. Those present, however, seemed to take an
interest in the meeting, and I think it was very beneficial."
MONTGOMERY,— “ Owing to want of a suitable room at a central point
of the county, no teachers' institute was held during the year. An in
stitute was held September 9th, 10th and 11th, which was attended by
about twenty teachers, and the time very profitably spent in exchanging
78
SECOND ANNUAL REPORT OF THE
views as to the best methods of teaching. Different teachers were called
upon to conduct recitations, the others composing the class, and the
method of conducting the recitation was then opened to criticism .
Several less important school meetings were held in the county during
the year.”
NANSEMOND. — “ In August I made five appointments to meet the
teachers, one for each school district, at its most central point, with an
eye both to examine and drill the teachers at the same time. Two days
were allotted to each meeting. But few teachers responded to my call,
owing in a measure to absence, sickness, and not seeing the advertise
ment, as I afterwards learned .”
NELSON . — “ The teachers ' institute for this county was held on the
26th day of August. We did not have as large a turn out of teachers
as we could desire. It was well attended by the public ,and much good
was done by awakening a more general interest on the subject. Ad
dresses were delivered by Dr. B . M . Smith , superintendent of schools for
Prince Edward ; Wm . M . Perkins, superintendent of schools for Buck
ingham ; Rev. B . M . Wailes, and Dr. Fitzpatrick . Dr. Smith's address
was a masterly effort, defining 'What is education , who ought to be edu
cated,and how they ought to be educated.'” .
NORFOLK COUNTY. — “ We organized a teachers' institute on the 17th
July. Remained in session two days, and were entertained with several
lectures and addresses. It was a successful beginning, out of which we
expect good results.”
· NORFOLK CITY. — “ The first teachers' institute was held Friday, July
5 , 1872, the superintendent in the chair. The question of graded
schools was discussed ably and at length ,when , after a postponement to
a future meeting of further consideration of the subject, the institute ad
journed .”
NORTHAMPTON .— “ No meetings of teachers' institutes have been held .
No educationalmeetings have been held, with the exception of the board
of trustees of school examinations." .
NOTTOWAY.— " Weheld two teachers'meetings at the most promi
nent points in the county during the month of August. The attendance
of teachers was fair, and various matters of interest pertaining to teach
ers and teaching were discussed with profit. A more thorough organi
zation of teachers, and a liberal provision for the entire State as regards
money and trained talent, would be highly profitable to public educa
tion."
ORANGE. — " I have not succeeded in having a teachers' institute ; but
after repeated effort, have assurance of one this fall.”
PAGE AND WARREN. — “ Wehave held no teachers' institute as yet,
but I intend trying to make arrangements for one in each county.”
PATRICK.— “ Our teachers' institutes, I cannot claim to be a success.
We had one for each district, and one for the county, and did all we
could to get the people to attend them . It was a point gained with us
SUPERINTENDENT OF PUBLIC INSTRUCTION .
79
to have them organized , and we expectmuch better success in the future.
Several of our prominent men have promised me their influence and
personal assistance in behalf of our next meeting. I have had many
meetings of the people during the last year upon the subject of educa
tion , and I had nearly all the speaking to do myself.”
PETERSBURG CITY.— “ We have held numerous meetings of the teach
ers of our corps, and have succeeded in correcting many evil habits of
the school- room .”
PITTSYLVANIA .— “ Weheld one teachers' institute during the year,
which continued in session for two days, was attended by thirty-eight of
our teachers, and gave much instruction and general satisfaction . A
second meeting will be held in December. I anticipate much improve
ment from these meetings.”
PORTSMOUTH. — “ We failed to hold teachers ' institutes. We have
substituted for them morthly teachers' meetings, which we find very
profitable, contributing directly to the efficiency of the schools and the
improvement of the teachers. We consider them of more advantage
than the public teachers' institutes."
POWHATAN.— “ Institutes, two in number ; interesting, and, I think ,
beneficial.”
PRINCE EDWARD. — “ For various causes, I cannot yet gather a full
county institute . I have held three district meetings ; one for Leigh
and Lockett, attended by five out of six teachers in Leigh and one out
of three in Lockett ; one for Hampden and Farmville, attended by seven
out of ten in Hampden and none in Farmville districts ; and one for
Buffalo , attended by five out of twelve teachers ; and I held a county
meeting, necessarily placed at an unfavorable point, attended by eleven
out of thirty -three then in the county. The exercises at all were very
interesting and improving. I do not despair of better success.'
PRINCESS ANNE . — “ A teachers' institute was held on the 28th
and 29th of August ; but few attended , as a protracted meeting was
going on in the neighborhood. Little was done besides organizing."
PRINCE GEORGE AND SURRY. — “ Teachers institute held at Bishop's,
C . H ., July 4th, 1872 ; rather thinly attended . Teachers, male and fe
male , and other school officers present ; took much interest in the exer
cises. Several short addresses were made by the county school super
intendent and other friends of the system ."
PRINCE WILLIAM .— “ Held a teachers' institute, but few attended. I
think they should be required to do so. Those in attendance manifested
an appreciation of the exercises. The advantages to be derived there
from are very evident.”
PULASKI.— “ There have been five institutes or teachers' meetings
held during the year, to which all the teachers in the county were in
vited . Much interest prevailed, and decided advantages secured.”
RAPPAHANNOCK .— “ We held a teachers' institute in August. I went
D
SECON
80
AL
ANNU
T
REPOR OF THE
through the county to all the teachers and urged upon them the neces
sity of attending, but the most of them failed to do so . In candor, I
must say that I regard it as a failure, and can only hope for more suc
cess in future."
RICHMOND CITY.— “ We have continued our weekly meetings of the
teachers. In these meetings we have discussed, in detail, and endeav
ored to apply the remedies for the various difficulties met with in the
practical duties of the school-room . The arousing of a generous spirit
of emulation among the teachers, general uniformity of instruction , and
the awakening of a desire to become thoroughly informed in the theory
and practice of the profession, are some of the results of our weekly
talks.”
RICHMOND AND WESTMORELAND. — “ A teachers' institute was held at
Warsaw in May, which continued two days, and was a very interesting
and profitable meeting. An organization was effected , which promises
future usefulness."
ROANOKE . — “ I regret the necessity of reporting that no teachers' in
stitute has been held during the year. The teachers, however, have
been regularly visited in their schools, and faithfully instructed as to
the best methods of teaching."
ROCKBRIDGE. — “ A 'teachers ' institute' was held in Lexington in Oc
tober last, an account of which was published , and a copy forwarded to
the State Superintendent soon after it closed . Another institute has
been appointed by the County Board, to commence on the 19th of No
vember next. Local meetings in behalf of schools have been held in
several neighborhoods with good results. The County Board has had
fourmeetings up to this date, at all of which important business was
transacted .”
ROCKINGHAM . — “ Teachers' institute was held in April ; 101 teachers.
present ; continued two days. Addresses by Rev. Dr. Sears , Maj. Jed .
Hotchkiss and others. ”
RUSSELL.— “ We held a teachers' institute on the 27th of August, in
which some twelve or fifteen teachers participated . I first explained
the object of the meeting, after which we had devotional exercises by
the Rev. J . H . Torbett. We then proceeded to elect a secretary. We
then had regular speeches from the Rev. T . P . Thomas, Rev. J. H . Tor
bett, Capt. McBrown and S. C . M . Alderson, upon the importance of
general education and in favor of public schools. We then had a gene
ral discussion on the duty of teachers, discipline, & c., in which most of
the teachers present heartily participated . We then proceeded to select
questions and speakers for the next meeting, which is to be at Lebanon
on the 19th of October, at which time and place we would be glad to
see a representative from the Board of Education ."
Scott.— “ An institute was held during the last year by my prede
cessor. I intend to hold one as soon as practicable.'
SHENANDOAH.— “ A teachers' institute washeld atWoodstock ,23d and
SUPERINTENDENT OF PUBLIC INSTRUCTION .
81
24th of August. The teachers present manifested a commendable de
gree of interest in their profession. The modes of teaching geography ,
spelling and reading were discussed with much spirit. Dr. W . 8 . Ruff
ner, Superintendent of Public Instruction , was present, and favored the
institute with several interesting lectures.”
SMYTH .— " I held two teachers' institutes that were largely attended
by teachers and citizens.”
SPOTSYLVANIA . — “ I have not been able to hold a teachers' institute .
I cannot get the teachers together ; shall endeavor to get them together
this year.”
SOUTHAMPTON .— “ An account has already been furnished of the
teachers ' institute held in this county.
TAZEWELL.— " I held our teachers ' institute on the 7th , 8th and 9th
days of August in the Presbyterian Church of this place. We had a
goodly number of teachers present from the first, butnot as many as we
hoped would have attended. The audience was large from the begin
ning ; the citizens of our town and vicinity showing great interest in the
exercises. Indeed, themeeting throughout,was one of marked interest
and profit on account of the presence and addresses of several gentle -men of distinction in the cause of public education . On the 7th the
exercises were opened with prayer , and a short address by the County
Superintendent.
The choir then sung one of their select pieces of music ;
after which, the audience were much pleased and edified in listening to
a very lucid and forcible address from Professor D . C. Miller, Superin
tendent of Smyth county , on the question , " What is the teacher's
and parent's place in the work of education ?' Other exercises followed .
On the 8th we had a general educational meeting in a grove in the
vicinity of town, at which time our ladies furnished a picnic , and our
Saxhorn band entertained us with choice music. The assembly was
large, gathered from nearly every part of our county. All were highly
entertained and instructed during the day by able and eloquent addres
ses on various subjects connected with education and teaching delivered
by Rev . B . Sears, D . D ., General Agent Peabody Education Fund, Col.
R . E . Withers , of Richmond, Rev. Ě . H . McDonald , of Wytheville ,and
Professor D . C. Miller. In the afternoon the large Methodist Church of
our town was crowded by our people to hear a very humorous, char
acteristic and suggestive address from Rev. E . H . McDonald on the
question , ' What should constitute a common education ?' The day
Closed most agreeably and profitably to all present. On the 9th Dr.
Sears delivered what every one pronounced a most admirable lecture on
the general subject of education. He and Colonel Withers rendered us
most valuable service in the cause of public education , which will tell
upon all our schools, and their presence among us will long be remem
bered with pleasure. Indeed , the institute andmeetingwere considered
by all a complete success.”
WASHINGTON . — “ Wearranged to hold a teachers' institute last win
ter. Dr. Sears and others promised to attend, but Dr. Sears could not
come, and the arrangement failed. Without some such distinguished
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SECOND ANNUAL REPORT OF THE
man, whose views would command attention and respect, an attempt
to hold an institute would have been the subject of ridicule. There is
but little sympathy with the public schools in Abingdon . The expecta
tion of holding an institute , besides several difficulties in the way ,
caused this delay of district teachers meeting till it was too late . I
expect to hold district teachersmeetings this year, and , if possible, an
institute.
WISE. — “ A teachers' institute was held in this county on the first
week in August, 1871, which continued one week . Much of the im
provement made by teachers during the past year is almost wholly
owing to lessons taught in the institute, and influences growing there
from ."
WYTHE. — “ Held in each district with some advantage. Constant
instruction of teachers kept up from month to month in County Super
intendent's office."
7. To what extent has uniformity of text books been secured ?
· ACCOMAC. — " The adopted series of school books has been universally
introduced , and at this time very few , if any, others are used in our
schools."
ALBEMARLE. — " Entire uniformity of text-books has been secured
throughout the county."
ALEXANDRIA CITY . — “ Absolute uniformity has always prevailed .”
ALEXANDRIA COUNTY .— “ Perfect conformity has now been secured .”
ALLEGHANY AND CRAIG .— “ The adopted text-books have been in
almost exclusive use."
AMELIA. — “ Well carried out generally ."
AMHERST. — “ The University series of text-books was almost univer
sally used in the public schools.”
APPOMATTOX.— “ The prescribed text-books were used in this county
with scarcely an exception.”
AUGUSTA. — “ Uniformity of text-books was secured almost univer
sally . There were more exceptions in the use of grammars. Some
continued to study Mitchell's geography. Difficulty was found in intro
ducing the Spencerian writing series, owing to the teachers' ignorance of
edificulty dice the people– Entiremeof the se
FieldHighlander of Truste
thBATH
And HIGHLAND.—
e pregnAND
“ Entire uniformity of text-books has been
the law requiring its use , or their ignorance of the system itself, and the
difficulty in getting the right numbers at the bookstores, together with
the prejudice of the people in favor of written copies.”
secured in Bath . In Highland some of the schools used books other
than those adopted by the Board of Trustees. But this occurred only
in a small number of cases.”
BEDFORD. — “ Uniformity of text-books has been rigidly insisted upon ,
and, so far as I am advised , has been attained in all the public schools
in the county."
SUPERINTENDENT OF PUBLIC INSTRUCTION .
83
BLAND.— " Almost entirely ; only a few exceptions."
BOTETOURT.— “ We have not as yet secured entire uniformity in text
books, but will during the coming year.”
BRUNSWICK. — “ The text-books are uniform ."
BUCHANAN . — " Text-books are very nearly uniform ."
BUCKINGHAM. — “ Uniformity in text-books was only partially secured ,
though such a beginning was made in that direction as to render the
task easy hereafter.”
CAMPBELL.— " General uniformity of text-books observed.”
CAROLINE. — “ Wehave complied as far as practicable with the law
about text-books. I suppose at least five-sixths of the books used are
those adopted by the county board, and most of the other sixth are of
the eclectic series, also adopted by the State Board .”
CARROLL.— “ The prescribed text-books are almost exclusively in use.”
CHARLES CITY AND NEW KENT.— “ The text-books are uniform in
only a small number of the schools. The people refuse generally to
make new purchases, so long as the old books hold together. Teachers
have been instructed not to allow new copies of unauthorized books to
be introduced. Further stringency has proved absolutely impracticable.
The trustees have paid little attention to this requirement of the law .”
CHARLOTTE.— “ Almost entire uniformity of text-books has been se
cured in our schools .”
CHESTERFIELD.— “ There has been a uniformity of text-books, which
has added much to the success of the schools." .
CLARKE.— “ Almost absolute uniformity has been secured . Upon the
reöpening of the schools it will be perfect.”
CULPEPER. — “ With few exceptions, entire uniformity has been se
cured .”
CUMBERLAND.— “ With few , very few exceptions, our text-books were
uniform during the year just closed.”
DINWIDDIE .— “ Text-books are uniform throughout the county.”
ELIZABETH CITY AND WARWICK . — “ The University series has been
adopted by the county of Elizabeth City , and in the white schools uni
formly used ; but the uniformity is not so complete in the colored
schools. The books adopted by the county of Warwick are exclusively
used in that county .'
· Essex . — " The University series of text-books have been adopted in
every district in this county, and are now exclusively used in every
school, to the entire satisfaction of both teachers and parents .”
FAIRFAX. — " Almost without exception .”
FAUQUIER. — “ The prescribed text-books are in general use in all the
schools of this county .
SECOND ANNUAL REPORT OF THE
FLOYD. — “ The adopted text-books are used in all the schools.”
FLUVANNA.— “ Entire uniformity.”
FRANKLIN. — “ About three-fourths of the pupils attending the schools
were supplied with the proper text-books.”
FREDERICK.— “ Very limited , from waiſt of any specialeffort thereto."
GILES. — “ Nearly all of the schools of the county have secured the
text-books adopted by the County Board.
There are still some old
books in the hands of pupils in the county , but I hope to be able to sub
stitute the regular series for them during the present year.”
GLOUCESTER. — " The University series is generally used. There is
still a variety of books, though. We did not have the means to buy
many books, and very many of the parents are quite poor, too poor,
they say, to buy books.”
GOOCHLAND. — “ In most of the schools entire uniformity has been se
cured ,and I think another term will do it in all.”
GRAYSON.—— “ The adopted books are used, with few exceptions,and
will this year becomeuniversal in my county.”
GREENE AND MADISON, — “ Except in a few instances we had but little
trouble in securing uniformity of text-books.”
GREENSVILLE AND SUSSEX. — “ With but few exceptions our schools.
use the text books adopted by the school officers.'
HALIFAX. — “ Greater uniformity than was at first anticipated . A
majority of teachers report text-books used other than those selected
by the county trustees. In most of the other schools none used except
those prescribed by the Board of Education . Some few other books
used in the remaining schools.'
HANOVER .— “ Few books not allowed by law were used the last ses
sion , and teachers were instructed to teach with a view to the entire
exclusion of such books the coming session."
HENRICO. — “ There are few exceptions where the uniformity of text
books has been varied , and then on the score of necessity and economy,
and not of choice."
HENRY. — “ We have in most instances succeeded in getting a uni
formity of text-books in this county, so much so, thatbut little difficulty
is apprehended during the next scholastic year. The late order in the
August number of the Educational Journal will set at rest all difficul
ties on that subject.”
ISLE OF WIGHT.— “ Very little. All sorts of books are used. When
ever they buy new ones, they are required to conform to the series.”
JAMES CITY AND YORK . — “ The prescribed text-books are in all of
the schools, and only a few of the schools have any other.”
KING GEORGE AND STAFFORD. — “ Wehave almost entire uniformity
of text-books.''
SUPERINTENDENT OF PUBLIC INSTRUCTION .
85
KING & QUEEN AND MIDDLESEX. — “ If there is not entire uniformity
in text-books, there have been but few exceptions,which exceptions will
not be allowed this year.”
KING WILLIAM . — " To small extent.”
LANCASTER AND NORTHUMBERLAND.— “ To a very considerable ex
tent. "
LEE.— “ To an almost universal extent.”
LOUDOUN.- “ None but the prescribed books are used in our schools.”
LOUISA.— “ Uniformity of text books has been pretty generally
secured .”
LUNENBURG . — " The books adopted by the board have been in use in
all the schools.”
LYNCHBURG CITY. — “ Complete uniformity.”
MECKLENBURG . — “ The books prescribed have been introduced into
most of the schools, though uniformity has not been secured.
MONTGOMERY.— “ The use of text books prescribed by the Board of
Education has been rigidly enforced, and the text books are uniformly
used in the schools of this county ."
NANSEMOND.— “ I have used every exertion in my power to secure a
uniformity of text-books. All the schools, I think , without exception ,
have introduced the series adopted by law .”
NELSON . — “ The books adopted by the County School Board were
generally used during the last year, and hereafter wewill allow no others
to be used , unless under very peculiar circumstances.
NORFOLK COUNTY. — " The text-books adopted by the Board are used,
with rare exceptions, in all the schools . The exceptions embrace a few
advanced classes, which were allowed to continue in the books already
in use .
NORFOLK CITY. — “ Entire uniformity has been secured.”
NORTHAMPTON.— " Uniformity of text-books has been almost entirely
secured ; in thewhite schools, entirely."
NOTTOWAY.— “ There has been a general conformity . Exceptions
very few ."
ORANGE . — “ Decided progress made ; but far from complete uniform
ity .”
PAGE AND WARREN . — “ The law in regard to text-books has not been
as fully observed as I wished. Many parents having old books on hand,
refused to get any others. Teachers have been instructed to be more
particular in regard to this subject next year.”
PATRICK. — “ I have had great difficulty in procuring text-books. Our
merchants will not purchase and advance the money unless we can pay
for them as we buy them .
They had rather buy cheaper northern books,
86
ND
SECO
AL
ANNU
RT
REPO
OF THE
for which they charge and receive a good profit. I wish very much
some arrangement could be made by which our books could be deposited
in this county ; we are so remote from Lynchburg and Wytheville, and
sixty miles from the railroad.”
PETERSBURG CITY. — “ Our text-books are uniform . A few copies of
Quackenbos' History are yet in the hands of children , but will not be
seen after this session ."
PITTSYLVANIA. - " At the close of the scholastic year only three books
were used in our schools which were not on the list selected , except in
the colored school in Danville. Wewere so closely pressed for money ,
that we declined to require that school to use the new books — as the
change would have cost us about two hundred dollars, and we did not
have the money."
PORTSMOUTH. — “ Entire."
POWHATAN. — “ Perfect.”
PRINCE EDWARD. — “ Moderately . The perverse obstinacy of thene
groes subjects teachers to great trouble in procuring books. Among the
whites the old notion that any book will do ' prevails , and when they
have books, though used a fraction less than a century ago, they insist
on its use. Suppose children without the required books are debarred
school; then the school will be broken up by loss of average, and the
teacher be the sufferer.”
PRINCESS ANNE.— “ To a great extent."
PRINCE GEORGE AND SURRY.— “ Teachers 'monthly reports fail to give
satisfactory information on this point. They have been notified that
hereafter a receipt will not be issued for a monthly report which is un
satisfactory on the subject of text-books or vaccination.”
PRINCE WILLIAM . — “ All the schools in the county , except one, are
using them .”
PULASKI.— “ Entirely secured in orthography and reading ; partially
secured in higher branches."
RAPPAHANNOCK .— “ About one-half of the pupils are supplied with
the adopted series for this county."
RICHMOND CITY.- " There is entire uniformity of text-books in our
schools."
RICHMOND AND WESTMORELAND.— " The obstruction in the way of
RELAND:Jue to the fact he margin found they
securing uniformity of text-books is due to the fact that there is no de
pository of the books adopted in my counties . The margin for profits
is so small that the merchants cannot be induced to keep them , and they
cannot be conveniently had . It is proposed to be more rigid in requiring
conformity to the law , and there would be no difficulty in enforcing it
if the books were within reach of the people.
ROANOKE. — “ A complete uniformity of text-books has been secured."
ROCKBRIDGE. — “ Arrangements have been made by which entire uni
SUPERINTENDENT OF PUBLIC INSTRUCTION .
87
formity of text-books will be secured during the current year. The
chief obstacle in the way hitherto has been the want of a regular agency
in the county, but this will be obviated very soon.
ROCKINGHAM . — “ The uniform series has been so far introduced that
there will be little or no difficulty in securing the thorough introduction
the ensuing year.”
RUSSELL. — “ This county is tolerably well supplied with uniformity of
text-books.”
Scott.— “ The prescribed text-books were used in all of the schools in
this county."
SHENANDOAH. — “ Uniformity of text-books was secured in all the
schools, except that in some schools teachers did not insist upon using
the copy-books adopted .”
SMYTH . — “ The University series of text-books, together with Har
vey's grammars, were almost universally adopted in all the schools last
year.
SOUTHAMPTON. — “ Pretty general uniformity of text-books has been
secured.”
SPOTSYLVANIA. — “ Wehave not reached uniformity of text-books,but
are improving."
TAZEWELL. — “ Some few old books were used last year. I think this
year uniformity will be secured .”
WASHINGTON.— “ Weare making progress in uniformity of text-books;
hope to attain to a good degree of uniformity this year.'
WISE. — “ Uniformity of text-books is about secured.”
WYTHE. — “Absolute."
8. Are the records of the District and County School Boards properly
kept ?
ACCOMAC.— “ The records of the district and county school boards
are generally very properly kept.”
ALBEMARLE.— “ The records of the district and county school boards
are kept in most excellent manner.”
ALEXANDRIA CITY.— “ The records of the city school board are ad
mirably kept."
ALEXANDRIA COUNTY. — “ The county records are admirably kept ;
those of the districts not so well. Those of Washington district were
not presented for examination .”
ALLEGHANY AND CRAIG . — “ The records have been fairly kept, and
in some cases are in excellent condition .”
AMELIA. — “ Rather loosely in the cases of two of the district boards,
but the overhauling by the county school board on the 4th of Septem
88
SECOND ANNUAL REPORT OF THE
ber had a most wholesome effect. I think that the next year will show
marked improvement.'
AMHERST.— “ The records are properly kept in two districts.”
APPOMATTOX . — “ The records of the county school board are tolera
bly well kept, but I am forced to say that the records of the districts
are not all well kept.”
AUGUSTA. " The records have been properly kept in most instances ,
but some of the clerks have been culpably negligent in the matter . I
trust there will be a change for the better during the present year.'
BATH AND HIGHLAND. — “ The records of district and county school
boards are properly kept in Highland, and in Bath correct as to the
county board,and the two districts of Williamsville and Millboro'. In
the two other districts, Warm Springs and Cedar Creek , the respective
clerks failed to produce and lay before the county board their books and
papers, as required by law , and a minute of the facts was entered upon
the records of the county board . With reference to these two boards
the following special report is submitted . Immediately after the ad
journment of the annual meeting of the county school board of Bath ,
on September 1st , 1872, I called on the clerks of Warm Springs and
Cedar Creek boards, and found that records, upon loose pieces of paper,
have been kept of every meeting of their boards, and that no irregu
larity exists, except that they have not provided themselves with the
" bound volumes, such as are prescribed by law , in which to keep the
sand
been procured, is owing to the fact
wrndthese
s have
arvee bynotheretofore
ithna,ct nolieert;skdistrict
obuutsnthat
mrecords
soufund
that
provided in either of these
oaf ehvebeen
e deshhas
d
districts ; but now , as there will soon be funds to meet district expenses,
the clerks assure me the necessary books will be procured, and the
minutes and records of every meeting properly transcribed . But little
business has been transacted by either of these boards,and their records
are not at all voluminous.”
BEDFORD. — " Except in one instance the records of the district and
county school boards have been properly kept, and were approved by
the several committees appointed to examine them at the annual meet
ing of the county board . The boards have been involved in some
entanglements arising from complications growing out of border schools.
Their accounts, however, I believe to be satisfactorily adjusted.”
BLAND. — “ We have just had a thorough examination of records.
The clerk of the Sharon school board, who is also clerk of the county
board , has kept his records very correctly in every particular. All the
other clerks presented records that were defective; some in not showing
that accounts of teachers were presented , orders duly made, warrants
issued pursuant to orders, & c. In some instances no account is given of
the issue of warrants ; some are defective as to contracts with teachers ;
sonne have not kept such a cash -book and record as the law directs ;
dates are not given . In some instances no notice is taken of the receipt
of official documents from this office, or from Richmond ; but all will be
better kept in the future .”
SUPERINTENDENT OF PUBLIC INSTRUCTION .
89
BOTETOURT.-— " The records of district and county school boards are
not kept as well as they should be. I have great difficulty to get toge
ther a county board . Men living twenty miles from the courthouse are
asked to come here to attend to public business at their own expense.
s ses
is nom
Somemembers ofmy county board have to pay from $ 2 50 to $ 3 out of
l ben Is not
ro ?& Ought not some
of ththis wwrong
their funds every time weilmeet.
way be provided for the expenses of the board while in session ?
Ought not their tavern bills be paid ?
It is hard to get men to work
at any business for nothing and board themselves."
BRUNSWICK . — “ I have not had an opportunity of examining the dis
trict and county records, but presume that they are well kept.”
BUCHANAN .— “ The records are all kept satisfactorily.”
BUCKINGHAM .— “ The records of the district and county school boards
were not in every instance properly kept, though they show that every
cent was properly expended . Hereafter it is hoped that all of them
will be kept upon the strict principles of book-keeping, so as to show at a
glance the condition of the funds."
CAMPBELL. — “ The records of the different boards are kept with ac
curacy.”
CAROLINE. — “ The records of the county and district boards are kept
according to law .”
CARROLL. — “ They are.”
CHARLES CITY AND NEW KENT. — " The records of some of the dis
tricts and of the two county boardsare kept in a creditable style. Others
are indifferently attended to, for want of clerical habits. The difficulty
experienced in making out the annual reports betrayed great ignorance
or carelessness on the part of some of the clerks.
In some cases compe
tent men cannot be found in or out of the boards. I apprehend much
difficulty hereafter in securing the gratuitous services of suitable
officers."
CHARLOTTE. — “ They are."
CHESTERFIELD.— " The records of district and county boards have
been well kept.”
CLARKE.— “ They are .”
CULPEPER. — " Well, with one or two exceptions."
CUMBERLAND.— “ I think them remarkably well kept."
DINWIDDIE. — " I fear not very well.”
ELIZABETH CITY AND WARWICK . — “ Many irregularities exist in
keeping the records of district boards. The records of the county
school boards are properly kept.”
ESSEX. — “ The books of the different boards of trustees have been
systematically kept. But the books in which the proceedings were en
tered were of too cheap a kind . This fault, however, will be corrected
12
90 .
SECOND ANNUAL REPORT OF THE
at an early date. The books of the county school board are of the most
substantial kind , and all the proceedings have been kept systematically
and with marked neatness.”
Fairfax. — “ They are, generally."
FAUQUIER.— “ The records of the district and county boards are regu
larly and properly kept."
FLOYD.— “ I have examined the records of the clerks of all the dis
tricts. Some of them are very nicely and properly kept, while others
show a little want of training.'
FLUVANNA.— “ They are, with one very slight exception, which will
be rectified, and the case will not be in future. All the books were ex
amined by the county board and pronounced correct."
FRANKLIN .— “ The records of the county school board have been well
kept. Five of the clerks of district boards have kept their books pro
perly . The other four kept their accounts correctly, but did not keep a
full record of their meetings, & c. Upon the whole, the books were tole
rably well kept.
FREDERICK . -- " In some, they are. In others, improvement is desira
ble, and will be secured .”
GILES. — “ The records of the district and county school board were
very well kept, their balances agreeing with the entries on the treasurer's
books."
GLOUCESTER. — “ Well kept.”
GOOCHLAND.— " They are.”
GRAYSON. — “ They appear to be.”
GREENE AND MADISON. — “ The records of the district and county
school boards have, in the main , been properly kept.”
GREENSVILLE AND SUSSEX. — “ With some trifling informalities, the
records of the district and county school boardsare properly kept.”
HALIFAX. — “ The records of the county school board are properly
kept. The record and account books of the several boards of trustees
are kept with no uniformity. Some of them properly and clerklike ;
some of them so defectively (particularly the account books) as scarcely
to be understood. There needs reform in this respect,and I hope during
the year it may be effected.”
HANOVER.— “ The records of the county board, have ; those of the
districts, as a general rule , have not been properly kept. In some in
stances the minutes were correct ; in others the account books corres
ponded with the treasurer's, but no records of the meeting have been
written . For further information , see report on delinquent clerks ac
companying this."
HENRICO. - " The records of the district and county school boards
have been keptwith as much accuracy as possible, with the exception of
SUPERINTENDENT OF PUBLIC INSTRUCTION .
91
the record of the Varina district board, and it is hoped that this may
be yet rectified , and turn up all right.”
HENRY.— “ In most instances the records of the district and county
school boards have been properly kept. They were all so reported by
the county school board .'
ISLE OF WIGHT. “ Very improperly kept. The clerks have never
been paid anything for their services. This fall we'll have a district
fund, and when they are paid I hope they will be more zealous in the
performance of their duties."
JAMES CITY AND YORK.— “ With a few exceptions."
KING GEORGE AND STAFFORD.— “ They are all properly kept, save
in two cases.
As these failures relate chiefly to form , it is in my power
to amend their past record, and to give them proper instructions in
future.”
KING & QUEEN AND MIDDLESEX. — “ The records were satisfactory
to the county board, and seemed to furnish accurate information of what
had been done."
KING WILLIAM.— “ So far as known, they are."
LANCASTER AND NORTHUMBERLAND. — “ They have, with one excep
tion , and I had that properly arranged .”
LEE. — “ Not as correctly as they should and must be."
LOUDOUN. — “ They are.”
LOUISA.— “ This question I answer in the affirmative.”
LUNENBURG .— “ The records of the district boards have not been kept
in the latest style of the art.”
LYNCHBURG CITY.— “ I think so."
MECKLENBURG . — “ The records of the county school board are pro
perly kept by our efficient clerk . The records of the districtboards are
not kept as we desire. Some of the clerks are unskilled ; but there has
been an improvement with them . The records are in better order than
at the close of last year.”
MONTGOMERY. — “ In three districts, yes. In one, no. The irregu
larity has been rectified , and, I think,will not again occur.”
NANSEMOND. — " All the clerks of the different boards of trustees.
have books of record , and from examination , seem to be properly kept.
The clerk of the county school board is an old, experienced book
keeper . His records bear the impress of neatness and accuracy."
NELSON . — “ The records of the county board are properly kept, as
are also those of Lovingston and Massie's Mills districts. " I found those
of the Greenfield district informal and unsatisfactory, insofar as the
proceedings of the district board were concerned, and no regular book
of accounts and expenses kept. I, however, found proper vouchers for
92
SECOND ANNUAL REPORT OF THE
all expenditures ; and the chairman of the board promises that every
thing shall be put in order by the clerk immediately."
COUNTY k—e“pt.TheTbooks
NORFOLK .COUNTY.
here whoficthe
ope and most of the dis
h I hcounty
trict clerks are well kept.
There has been a want of carefulness on the
part of two of the district clerks, which I hope will not again occur.”
NORFOLK CITY. — “ Our worthy and intelligent clerk has proved him
self an efficient officer , and has in every way faithfully discharged the
duties of his office ."
NORTHAMPTON .- " The records of the district and county are very
imperfect, but I hope all defects will be remedied in the future.”
NotToWAY.— “ The records of the county school board are properly
kept. There has not been that accurate and careful attention bestowed
on the records of the district school boards that is necessary, and on
which we have insisted, and do still insist.”
ORANGE. - " The recent settlement of the clerks with the county
board shows they have not . I will give special attention to this here
after."
PAGE AND WARREN. — “ There has been somecarelessness."
PATRICK . — “ Our clerks are good and faithful men, and have kept
our records properly .”
PETERSBURG CITY . — “ The records are wellkept, and no fault can be
found in this particular."
PITTSYLVANIA . — “ Almost entirely."
PORTSMOUTH. — “ Yes."
POWHATAN . — “ Not as well as they might be."
PRINCESS ANNE. — “ Yes."
PRINCE EDWARD. — “ Decidedly improved as to district boards. Those
of county boards well done. Heretofore have had but one clerk de
serving the name. (See under No. 1.) I had much rather keep the
books of treasurer and clerks than to be subjected to the wrong and an
noyance of the last two years."
PRINCE GEORGE AND SURRY. — “ They are not. This failure produces
much disorder in this business."
PRINCE WILLIAM . — “ As well as could be expected ; yet room for
improvement, which will be made.”
PULASKI.— “ Yes." .
RAPPAHANNOCK .— " The records of some of the district boards have
been kept rather carelessly ; those of the county schoolboardsproperly."
RICHMOND CITY. — “ The records of the proceedings of the city school
board are kept in a book set apart for that purpose and properly in
dexed , with marginal notes. There is also kept a set of books with
classified and detailed accounts of expenditures and receipts. In the
SUPERINTENDENT OF PUBLIC INSTRUCTION .
93
office of the secretary proper vouchers are neatly filed for reference .
The secretary has the custody of the books and papers, and is responsi
ble for their safe-keeping.
RICHMOND AND WESTMORELAND. — “ There is great difficulty in háv
ing the records of the district board properly kept. They were all, as.
far as the finances are concerned , carefully examined and compared with
the books of the county treasurers before the county board , and found
to be correct as far as results are concerned , but the methods of keep
ing them are such as to make it very difficult to put the parts in such
shape in the annual reports as to enable a clear exhibition to be made.
It must be remembered that it is not expedient to attempt to compel
school officers to domore than substantially obey the laws, when the
consequences would probably be to make them
resign and leave their
places vacant; places which cannot easily be filled with proper persons.”
ROANOKE.— “ The records of district and county boards have been
properly kept."
ROCKBRIDGE.— “ At the annual meeting of the county board, held on
the 7th instant, committees were appointed to examine carefully and in
detail the records, accounts and papers of each of the clerks of the dis
trict boards, and to report the result to the county board ,business being
suspended long enough for these committees to make thorough examina
tions. The reports showed that all were kept in a very satisfactory
manner, except the accounts of the Natural Bridge district, which were
accurate in results, but deficient in system and order ; and the records
and accounts of the Buffalo district, which were so defective that they
were returned to the board of that district with instructions to revise
and complete them as far as possible, and report again to the county
board at a meeting to be held in November.”
ROCKINGHAM. — “ They are."
RUSSELL. — “ They are.”
SCOTT. " The records of the districts and county school boards have
been properly kept as far as examined. One district clerk failed to
bring his records up at the meeting of the county board . I will go and
examine his, soon , and report.”
SHENANDOAH . — " The records of the district and county school boards
have been kept in some districts very well ; in others tolerably well.
SMYTH . — " The records of the clerks are kept in good style.
SOUTHAMPTON .— “ The records of the district boards are not kept in
as satisfactory a manner as I should desire them , but it seems almost.
impossible to get them to do better.”
SPOTSYLVANIA. — The records of the clerks of the district boards are
very inaccurate. The clerks seem not heretofore to have known the im
portance of accurate records and accounts . The county board clerk
does better.”
TAZEWELL. — “ All properly kept, so far as discovered .”
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SECOND ANNUAL REPORT OF THE
WASHINGTON .-- " The records of our district and county boards have
been well kept, with one exception the first year, which has been reme
died .”
WISE. — “ Some of the district clerks keep their records very impro
perly, which is owing more to incompetency than to dereliction .'
WYTHE. — “ Better than last year, but not satisfactory."
9. Any improvement, or prospect of improvement, in schoolhouses ?
ACCOMAC.— “ The school houses are improving, quite a number of
them have been repaired, and all are being supplied with the most ne
cessary furniture as rapidly as funds can be obtained . Two new houses
have been built in Lee the past year for the use of our schools, though
they are yet private property. The trustees are preparing, and in a
few weeks will commence, to build a new and commodious house on
Chingoteague island for their school. I hope soon to see a graded school
there. Very much interest is taken by the people in that hitherto much
neglected portion of the county .”
ALBEMARLE. — “ There has been improvement in the school houses,
and we hope to continue this improvement until we get good houses
throughout the county ."
ALEXANDRIA CITY. — “ I think we shall secure the old courthouse, a
building of the most substantial character, for a school house . It will
accommodate, when properly altered, from four to six hundred pupils.”
ALEXANDRIA COUNTY.- " Two school houses are in process of erec
tion ."
ALLEGHANY AND CRAIG . - " There is a good prospect of improve
ment in school houses . Several houses will be built during the coming
year."
AMELIA. — “ The district tax fund is too small to permit building, and
generally only indifferent houses can be rented.”
AMHERST. — “ There is some improvement in school houses. Some
new ones have been erected ; several old ones repaired.”
APPOMATTOX. - “ We expect to commence, this year, the erection of
school houses, but this must necessarily be a matter of slow growth .'
AUGUSTA. — Many of the old school houses have been repaired and
supplied with more comfortable furniture, a few good new ones were
built, and with the fund raised by the district tax, three or four more
new ones will probably be built this year in every district.”
BATH AND HIGHLAND.— “ The improvement in school-houses has not
been such as I should have been pleased to report, only one new frame
school house having been erected in Bath at district expense, and one
large and commodious frame building, seating fifty -six pupils and fur
nished with cast-iron folding-seat desks, in Blue Grass district, High
land, entirely at private expense. The trustees of this district expect
95
SUPERINTENDENT OF PUBLIC INSTRUCTION .
to purchase this house, the people building it proposing to donate about
one-half the cost of building . The entire cost of this house and its fur
niture is about $ 800 . I have been promised the donation of three suita- .
ble lots to the districts of Highland by various parties for school house
purposes, and as soon as the deeds to these can be secured , the erection
of as many new school houses will be commenced . I have failed to
notice any marked improvement in school houses not belonging to the
districts in which schools were taught, and account for it partly from
the fact that, with one single exception , every board of trustees of the
two counties determined to expend no public money upon old houses,
but to expend every dollar in the erection of new ones in those localities
where school houses are most needed,"
BEDFORD, — “ There has been a marked improvement in school houses
in almost all the districts, especially in regard to furniture.
Trustees
are appropriating district funds with liberality and discretion , yet not
much can be accomplished in that direction with our present paucity of
means.”
BLAND. — “ Some of our school houses were repaired last fall. Others
will be repaired shortly. Three new school houses have been erected
this year, all log buildings. Wehave subscriptions out for building ten
others ; but in some cases we will not succeed this fall. We hope to
build some."
BOTETOURT.— “ I am glad to say to you that there is a fine prospect
for improvement in school houses. Many persons are building them at
their own expense, with the understanding that we pay for them by de
grees as we get the money .”
BRUNSWICK. — “ There is a fair prospect of a gradual improvement in
the school houses of this county .
BUCHANAN.--" But little prospect, under the presentmode of raising
funds."
BUCKINGHAM . — “ There has been considerable improvement in school
houses. During next session we expect to have good ones, and to build
a large number, as public property .”
CAMPBELL. -_“ No change in the school houses, except in Brookville
district. Land has been given, and two comfortable houses with all
necessary appliances will be erected there in the course of the year.”
CAROLINE. — " There have been built four or five houses during the
year, costing from $ 100 to $ 160 each. These belong to the system , and
are better than any houses we have yet had .
CARROLL.— “ But little prospect of improvement at this time.”
CHARLES CITY AND NEW KENT. — " Several school houses have been
built during the year in each county . They are great improvements
upon the school houses of former times, but in some cases put up with
out consulting me, and with less regard to taste, comfort or convenience
than I would have insisted upon. I now interpose authoritatively , and
have had the gratification of seeing some very good buildings erected.”
96
SECOND ANNUAL REPORT OF THE
CHARLOTTE. — “ There has been a gradual and progressive improve
ment in our school houses, those last built being more attractive in ap
pearance and comfortable than the first. The hideous looking old -field
school house is becoming unlovely , even in the eyes of an average school
trustee.
CHESTERFIELD. — “ Our school houses are not as comfortable as we
desire , but in many portions of the county there is a prospect of great
improvement during the coming year.”
CLARKE.—— “ Very decided improvement. The district boards are
building as fast as the proceeds of the district school tax will allow .
Eight new houses, commodious, comfortable, neat and tasteful in design
and construction and well furnished ,are about ready for occupancy. In
two years more our county will be fully provided with as good a set of
school houses as is to be seen in any country district in any State. On this
question there is but one opinion, and that is, to have good houses, and
to have them speedily . In one district it will be completed this year,
next year will do it in another.
CULPEPER.— “ There is prospect of improvement. Some houses are
being built at this time.
CUMBERLAND.-- " Some of our school houses are very good ; others
very bad - only sufficient to come within the requirements of law . The
furniture is generally good ; but no apparatus of any kind and no pros
pect of it unlessour local funds are greatly increased, so as to supply this
and other things equally necessary. The prospect depends entirely on
the amount of money supplied .”
DINWIDDIE . — “ Yes."
ELIZABETH CITY AND WARWICK. — “ The trustees of the county of
Elizabeth City are contemplating the erection of a high school in the
town of Hampton .
The lot is secured , and though no steps have as yet
been taken , I hope to see it completed before the end of this school
year."
ESSEX.--" The assessed value of lands here being very low , the yield
of local tax (though the maximum ) will not permit of even the hope of
model school houses and appliances until the law is repealed , which
allows but three quarters of one mill taxation on the value of property
for district purposes. The houses we build are perfectly comfortable,
though very plain ."
FAIRFAX. — “ School houses have been improved, and in some in
stances new ones erected . The trustees will build where it is necessary
as rapidly as they can raise the means.”
FAUQUIER .— “ A very considerable improvement in regard to school
houses, and the prospect for future improvement is flattering."
FLOYD.— “ Considerable improvement in the school houses in two of
the districts, and all voluntarily. Taxation for this purpose would hurry
up thematter in all of the districts.”
SUPERINTENDENT OF PUBLIC INSTRUCTION .
97
FLUVANNA.— “ Eight plain but comfortable school houses have been
built by patrons, and three are in process of building. Five of those
completed were built by the colored people.”
FRANKLIN . — “ We have but few good school houses, and there seems
to be but little prospect of any improvement.”
FREDERICK.— “ Yes, decided improvement."
GILES. — “ We have no school houses belonging to the county board ,
and ourmeans at present are too limited to justify the boards to attempt
their erection .”
GLOUCESTER . — " A good prospect for improvement. We desire to
have three houses added to the one now owned by us. In some parts of
the county there is quite a spirit among the people to erectbuildingsby
private subscription .”
GOOCHLAND.— “ There is, and prospect of much greater in future.”
GRAYSON. — “ There is.”
GREENE AND MADISON . -- " There is a gradual improvement in school
houses . Much remains to be done ; but, in some instances,old and dila
pidated log huts have given place to neat framed and well ventilated
buildings."
GREENSVILLE AND SUSSEX. — “ There has been a decided improvement
in school houses.”
HALIFAX . — “ This question must be answered almost in the negative.
There have been a few school houses put up, but they are common log
houses, some of them neat and well-built , others common and put up as
mere makeshifts. The trustees, though, seem to be getting alive to the
expediency and even necessity of good , neat and convenient school
houses. It is hoped, therefore, that there is some prospect of improve
ment.”
HANOVER . — “ We have now several good houses owned by the dis
tricts, and hope to add many more the next year. There is still much
need of improvement, and many houses used last year will not be re
ceived the next. I have to note greater improvement in the houses,
however, than furniture and appliances.”
HENRICO. — “ There has been a school house built in Brookland town
ship, with modern improvements and conveniences , and the same would
have been done in the other districts and neighborhoods but for the
want of funds."
HENRY. — “ In one district several new houses are in course of con
struction ; in the others but little advance has been made.'
ISLE OF WIGHT.— “ Very slight, if any."
JAMES CITY AND YORK .— " Some districts fully supplied with good
houses ; others have none, but have always been able to rent."
.
KING GEORGE AND STAFFORD. — “ The improvement in KingGeorge
13
98
SECOND ANNUAL REPORT OF THE
has been and is still progressing steadily. In Stafford there has been
no district fund, save a trifle in two districts.”
KING & QUEEN AND MIDDLESEX . — “ Improvements will bemade just
in proportion to the funds for that purpose. (See annual report).'
KING WILLIAM. — “ There is.”
LANCASTER AND NORTHUMBERLAND.— “ I think there will be a
marked improvement the ensuing session. The failure to fill the office
of collector left the trustees without funds."
LEE. — “ Very decided. Still great room for further improvement.”
LOUDOUN. — “ We are repairing, improving and building as rapidly as
our funds will allow . We hope in the course of two or three years to
have new houses throughout the county."
LOUISA. — “ Our policy looks forward to the improvement of school
houses and furniture, and the gradual enlargement of school accommo
dations."
LUNENBURG . — “ Some two or three districts have built comfortable
school houses . The others will build after awhile.”
LYNCHBURG CITY. — “ Three elegant brick school buildings erected
during the year; aggregate cost about $ 30,000 .”
MECKLENBURG.— “ We have built six school houses, which are com
fortable, and altogether the houses in use not owned by the districts are
better than they were last year, though many of them are far from being
good.
MONTGOMERY. — “ There is a prospect of considerable improvement in
school houses. The people are displaying just now very considerable
interest in this matter, and we expect shortly to have some good houses
built, mainly by private enterprise, but to be the property of the dis
tricts."
NANSEMOND. — “ On account of the small amount of the district taxes ,
the prospect of improving the school houses is not encouraging at present.
With the present rate of taxes for district purposes, the work of im
provement must be slow . I will remark here thatthe citizens have this
year erected two new school houses, and furnished the same with suit
able furniture. Mr. Cowling, the clerk in Chuckatuck , informsmethat
the Board , of which he is a member, will erect a new school house this
year out of the district funds."
NELSON . — “ The prospects for improvement in school houses are good .
Several neighborhoods have already built good houses at their own ex
pense , and others are now making arrangements to do so . They have
an elegant country school house at Arrington , for which our Senator,
Captain Thomas P . Fitzpatrick , contributed the land and all the timber.
They are also building a school house in the Greenfield district,at a cost
of about six hundred dollars, raised entirely by private subscription.'
NORFOLK.— “ Most of the old houses belonging to the county have
SUPERINTENDENT OF PUBLIC INSTRUCTION .
been repaired , twelve new ones completed and four under contract .
Several have been neatly finished , painted and furnished with improved
furniture.”
NORFOLK CITY.— “ Our comfortable and spacious school houses for
the white children are scarcely susceptible of much improvement. For
the colored children, twohouses, with four rooms each, which are much
more comfortable and otherwise better adapted for schools than the for
mer buildings, have been procured at more moderate rents .
NORTHAMPTON . — “ Wehave a prospect of building two or three school
houses during the present scholastic year.”
NOTTOWAY.— “ Some improvement, and at the centre of influence
there are prospects of decided improvement."
ORANGE.— “ Not a great improvement, but a better prospect ahead.
I have directed the trustees to give their attention now to the perma
nent location of schools, and securing title to ground for this purpose.”
PAGE AND WARREN .— “ Some of the school houses are new and com
fortable . Many are not well supplied with furniture. District fundstoo
small for much improvement to be made."
PATRICK.— “ Our people are alive to the importance of having good
houses, and are doing all they can to make them comfortable. They
are cheap in nearly every instance, and answer our purpose.”
PETERSBURG CITY.— “ School houses have been improved in new fur
I am most ashamed of. Wehave only one that meets the requirements
niture, methodsof heating, paint, & c . But our school houses are what
of its district. The rest were not built for the purpose they are now
used for, and in most cases the location is undesirable.”
PITTSYLVANIA. — “ There is a good deal of improvement on school
houses. In District No. 1 the trustees have bought one nice log house,
built a neat frame house, and have contracted for another. In No. 6 ,
the trustees have built a neat log house. In No. 7 , one neat log house
is built and another under contract ; and a frame house has been given
to the trustees, which will be nicely fixed up."
PORTSMOUTH . — “ There is a prospect of making some improvement in
one of our school houses, which is needed.”
POWHATAN. — “ Yes.”
PRINCE EDWARD.— “ Hardly any. Voluntary effort by the people
is out of the question , as we pay taxes ;' and thus far themoney raised
has not sufficed for more than current expenses. Only now are we
hoping to supply partially the urgent necessity for the most indispensa
ble furniture."
PRINCESS ANNE. — “ Yes.”
PRINCE GEORGE AND SURRY. — “ It is expected that the district tax,
soon to be collected , will be spent chiefly in building new school houses
and repairing those now in use."
100
SECOND ANNUAL REPORT OF THE
PRINCE WILLIAM. — " General improvement throughout the county."
PULASKI. - " There has been decided improvement, and prospectsare
favorable.”
RAPPAHANNOCK . -- " Yes, very decided . Within the last year several
have been built, and during the present year I think several more will
be built.”
RICHMOND CITY. - " The brick buildings spoken of in my last report
were completed and occupied January 1st, 1872. An additional brick
building to accommodate eight schools is in process of erection . The
city council has appropriated $40,000 in eight per cent. bonds for the
erection of additional school buildings, and also for a high and normal
school,which wehope to have completed during the next year."
RICHMOND AND WESTMORELAND.— " School houses are being im
proved ; and it is in contemplation to build several good ones the pres
ent year – 1872 –3."
ROANOKE. — “ There has been great improvement in school houses,
and the prospect of continued improvement is very encouraging. In
Big Lick district especially is this advance observed , several roomy and
comfortable buildings having been recently erected. Four excellent
houses have been erected in the county for colored schools."
ROCKBRIDGE.— “ Nearly all the school houses in the county have been
repaired , and someof them very much improved . Improvements will
be more extensive this year, with our increased district funds."
ROCKINGHAM . — " About twenty good houses have been built by pri
vate subscription during the year ; a large number have been supplied
with good furniture, and some are now in course of erection.”
RUSSELL . — “ Great improvement.
The trustees are, as a general
thing, abandoning the old log hut and erecting neat frame houses.'
Scott. — “ There is some prospect of improvement in school houses.
Several are in progress of construction.'
SHENANDOAH. — “ There has been considerable improvement in school
houses. A number of new ones will be built during the present year.”
SMYTH . — “ Great improvement in school houses in two of the districts .
Houses will be built in the other during the present school year."
SOUTHAMPTON . — “ In Jerusalem and Berlin districts considerable
improvements have already been made in school houses, and others are
still going on. There are prospects of early improvement in all the
other districts.”
SPOTSYLVANIA. — “ We endeavor to erect a new and comfortable school
house in each district every year, and in this way the school houses are
gradually improving."
TAZEWELL.— “ Some little improvement; and we look for more, as
there is great need of it.”
SUPERINTENDENT OF PUBLIC INSTRUCTION .
101
WASHINGTON .- " Some improvement in school houses, and a prospect
of more improvement this year.”
WISE . — “ Much improvement in school houses.”
WYTHE. — “ Someimprovement, and some prospect of more.”
10. Any litigation grown out of taxation for school purposes ?
ACCOMAC. — " The only litigation that we have had yet to encounter is
the injunction sued out last year by certain parties in Lee. This has
never yet been met, for the want of authority and funds.
ALBEMARLE — “ There has been no litigation on account of taxation
for school purposes."
ALEXANDRIA CITY.— “ None."
ALEXANDRIA COUNTY. — “ An injunction is threatened to prevent the
collection of the district tax in Washington district.'
ALLEGHANY AND CRAIG. - " No litigation.”
AMELIA. — “ None.”
AMHERST. — “ No litigation.”
APPOMATTOX . — “ No litigation has grown out of taxation for schools."
AUGUSTA. — " No litigation has grown out of taxation for school pur
poses."
BATH AND HIGHLAND. — “ No litigation growing out of taxation for
school purposes in either county .”
BEDFORD. — " No litigation has grown out of taxation for school pur
poses."
BLAND. — “ None, except that the collector and his securities in Me
chanicsburg district, No. 1, were sued on their bond for not collecting
and paying over funds. This case has been pretty satisfactorily arranged .
It is thought we will suffer no loss.”
BOTETOURT.— “ No litigation grown out of taxation for school pur
poses."
BRUNSWICK. — “ There has been no litigation.”
BUCHANAN. — “ None."
BUCKINGHAM . — “ There was no litigation whatever about schools.”
CAMPBELL.— “ No litigation."
CAROLINE. — “ There has been no litigation on account of school
taxes."
CARROLL .— " No litigation .”
CHARLES CITY AND NEW KENT. — “ No litigation growing out of tax
ation for school purposes has come to my knowledge.
Such litigation is
threatened against the dog tax in Charles City , but the collection has
not yet been made."
102
SECOND ANNUAL REPORT OF THE
CHARLOTTE .— “ None."
CHESTERFIELD.— “ None."
CLARKE. — “ None."
CULPEPER. — “ None,"
CUMBERLAND. — “ Yes. An account is given in the answer to the first
question .”
DINWIDDIE. — “ No.”
ELIZABETH CITY AND WARWICK. — “ No litigation has grown out of
taxation for school purposes."
ESSEX.— “ No litigation has ever grown out of taxation for school
purposes in this county .”
FAIRFAX. — “ None."
FAUQUIER. — “ No litigation has grown out of taxation for school pur
poses."
FLOYD.— “ None."
FLUVANNA .— " None.”
FRANKLIN .— “ No litigation has grown out of taxation for school pur
poses.”
FREDERICK. — “ None."
GILES. — “ No litigation has grown out of taxation for school pur
poses."
GLOUCESTER.— “ None."
GOOCHLAND.— “ None.”
GRAYSON.— “ None as yet.”
GREENE AND MADISON.— “ We have had no litigation growing out of
taxation for school purposes. The nearest approach to it was a threat
ened refusal on the part of some people to pay a dog tax, on the ground
of its unconstitutionality . To avoid this trouble, the supervisors re
pealed this dog tax, and in its stead levied an additional tax of two and
a-half per cent. on property .”
GREENSVILLE AND SUSSEX. — “ No litigation."
HALIFAX. — " No other , except the one mentioned in my report last
year. That, as was stated , was compromised ; but I am sorry to say
that that compromise has not yet been satisfactorily adjusted .”
HANOVER. — “ None."
HENRICO.— “ No litigation has grown out of taxation for school pur
poses.”
HENRY.— " No litigation on account of taxation for school purposes."
ISLE OF WIGHT.— “ None.”
SUPERINTENDENT OF PUBLIC INSTRUCTION .
103
JAMES CITY AND YORK. — " No."
KING GEORGE AND STAFFORD. — “ The injunction case, with which
you are familiar.”
KING & QUEEN AND MIDDLESEX. — “ None.”
KING WILLIAM . — “ It is feared there will be on the dog tax.”
LANCASTER AND NORTHUMBERLAND. — “ None.”
LEE. — “ None.”
LOUDOUN. — “ None.”
LOUISA. — " None.”
LUNENBURG . — " No litigation has grown out of taxation for school
purposes.
LYNCHBURG CITY. — “ None."
MECKLENBURG. — " No litigation has grown out of taxation for school
purposes."
MONTGOMERY.— “ No litigation has grown out of taxation for school
purposes.
NANSEMOND. — “ None.”
NELSON. — “ We have had no litigation .”
NORFOLK COUNTY.— “ None.”
NORFOLK CITY. — “ None."
NORTHAMPTON .— “ No litigation , as yet, grown out of taxation for
school purposes.
The collectors have been negligent, and nearly all of
the tax for the last year is still due. Litigation, so far as process against
the delinquent collectors, may arise."
NOTTOWAY. — “ No litigation,or even threatened litigation, so far as
known.”
ORANGE. — “ None as yet, though threatened in the case of dog tax." ;
PAGE.— “ No litigation has grown out of taxation for school pur
poses."
PATRICK . — “ We had no litigation about our taxation. Perhaps I
might add that we had to move in court against one of our township
collectors. However, that has all been arranged , and we have adjusted
all of our matters with township clerks, and anticipate no further diffi
culty .”
PETERSBURG. — “ None that I know of.”
PITTSYLVANIA . — " None.”
PORTSMOUTH . — " No."
POWHATAN . — “ None."
PRINCE EDWARD. — " No."
104
SECOND ANNUAL REPORT OF THE
PRINCESS ANNE. — " No."
PRINCE GEORGE AND SURRY. — “ None."
PRINCE WILLIAM . — " None.”
PULASKI. — “ None.”
RAPPAHANNOCK. — " None."
RICHMOND CITY. — “ None.”
RICHMOND AND WESTMORELAND. — " There has been no litigation
about school matters ."
ROANOKE.— “ No litigation has grown out of taxation for school pur
poses.”
ROCKBRIDGE. — “ No litigation has grown out of taxation for school
purposes."
ROCKINGHAM . — “ None."
RUSSELL.-— “ None.”
Scott.— “ No litigation on account oftaxation for school purposes."
SHENANDOAH. -- " None.”
SMYTH . — “ No litigation .”
SOUTHAMPTON. — “ No litigation has grown out of taxation for school
purposes.'
SPOTSYLVANIA.— “ No litigation in any case.”
TAZEWELL.— “ No litigation."
WASHINGTON.- -" No litigation growing out of taxation."
WISE. — “ No litigation .”
WYTHE. — “ None."
11. Any public school property destroyed by violence ?
ACCOMAC. — " No public school property has been destroyed.”
ALBEMARLE.— " No public school property has been destroyed by
violence.”
ALEXANDRIA CITY. — “ If anybody should wilfully destroy school
property here, he would scarcely be safe from violence himself.”
ALEXANDRIA COUNTY. — " No."
ALLEGHANY AND CRAIG . — “ No property destroyed.”
AMELIA. — " None."
AMHERST. — “ No property destroyed by violence.”
APPOMATTOX. — " No public school property destroyed by violence."
AUGUSTA. — “ In one district a school house was burnt by an incendi
ary. Supposed to havebeen the work of patrons who were at an in
SUPERINTENDENT OF PUBLIC INSTRUCTION .
105
convenient distance from the place where the house was located . There
being no evidence accessible in the matter, no legal proceedings were
instituted .”
BATH AND HIGHLAND. — “ No public school property destroyed by
violence in either county."
BEDFORD. — “ Two school houses have been destroyed by fire; but there
is no evidence that it was the work of the incendiary .”
BLAND. — “ It is believed that we lost one house by an incendiary
not certain .”
BOTETOURT. — No report.
BRUNSWICK.— “ No destruction of public school property .”
BUCHANAN. — " None.”
BUCKINGHAM .— “ There was no school property destroyed by violence
or otherwise."
CAMPBELL. — “ No property destroyed by violence."
CAROLINE. — “ No school furniture or property has been destroyed by
violence.”
CARROLL.-— " None destroyed.”
CHARLES CITY.--" No destruction of school property has occurred in
this district. The class of persons most bitterly opposed to the system
is too high to be tempted to such acts.
CHARLOTTE.— “ None."
CHESTERFIELD. — “ None.”
CLARKE. — “ None."
CULPEPER. — “ Nore, that I am aware of.”
CUMBERLAND. — “ None.”
DINWIDDIE. — " No."
ELIZABETH CITY AND WARWICK. — " No public school property has
been destroyed by violence.”
ESSEX. — “ No school property was ever damaged or destroyed.”
FAIRFAX .-_“ None."
FAUQUIER. — “ No public school property destroyed by violence.”
FLOYD.— “ Glass out of one of the buildings was completely broken
(seventy panes in all). A family of negro children living in fifty paces
of the building pretend to know nothing of the guilty ones, hence they
are the supposed depredators. With this exception , the property gene
rally is well cared for."
FLUVANNA. — “ One colored school house in the Third district, which
belonged to a colored man, but was supplied with desks by the district,
was burned down at night during the session of the school. Diligent
14
106
SECOND ANNUAL REPORT OF THE
inquiry has not developed whether it was an accident or the work of an
incendiary.
It occurred in the winter, and there had been fire in the
house the previous day. It occurred in one of the neighborhoods where
the school system is most popular.”
FRANKLIN .— “ No public school property destroyed by violence."
FREDERICK. — “ Of course not.”
GILES.— “ One school house was destroyed by fire, but it did not be
long to the county board.” .
GLOUCESTER. — “ None."
GOOCHLAND.— “ None.”
GRAYSON. — “ None. No danger in this county."
GREENE AND MADISON.— “ Wehave had no public school property
destroyed by violence."
GREENSVILLE AND SUSSEX.--" No public school property destroyed
by violence .”
Halifax. — “ None."
A colored school.It was rumored tand fully int
HANOVER. — “ None. A colored school house , I am convinced, was
burnt by the carelessness of the teacher. It was rumored that suspicion
was directed to some one as the incendiary. I carefully and fully in
vestigated the whole subject, and was confirmed in the opinion that it
was the result of carelessness only, and entirely free from any criminal in
tent. This also is the opinion of the trustees. The house was owned
by the colored folks, and the teacher also was a colored person .”
HENRICO. — “ No public school property has been destroyed by vio
lence. A church used for a school house was burned down ; it is not
known whether accidentally or otherwise."
HENRY.— “ No public school property has been destroyed by vio
lence .”
ISLE OF WIGHT. — “ None.”
JAMES CITY AND YORK . — “ One house in James City was burnt at
night; but there is no reason to believe it was the act of malice."
KING GEORGE AND STAFFORD.— “ None."
KING & QUEEN AND MIDDLESEX. — “ None.”
KING WILLIAM.— “ None.”
LANCASTER AND NORTHUMBERLAND . — " None.”
LEE. — “ None.”
* LOUDOUN. — “ None."
LOUISA. — “ None."
LUNENBURG . — " No public school property has been destroyed by
violence."
SUPERINTENDENT OF PUBLIC INSTRUCTION .
107
LYNCHBURG CITY. — “ None."
MECKLENBURG . — “ No public school property has in any manner
been interfered with .”
MONTGOMERY. — " No public school property has been destroyed by
violence ."
NANSEMOND. — “ None.”
NELSON. — “ We have had no school property destroyed by violence.”
NORFOLK COUNTY. — “ None."
NORFOLK CITY. — “ None.”
NORTHAMPTON . — " No public school property destroyed by violence.”
NOTTOWAY. — “ No destruction of property by violence or other
wise."
ORANGE. — “ None."
' PAGE AND WARREN. — “ No school property has been destroyed .”
PATRICK . — “ We have had none of our school property destroyed.”
PETERSBURG . — “ None that I have heard of."
PITTSYLVANIA. — “ None."
PORTSMOUTH. — " No." "
POWHATAN. — “ None.”
PRINCE EDWARD. — “ No. One house was burned , but evidently by
carelessness or accident."
PRINCESS ANNE.— “ No.”
PRINCE GEORGE AND SURRY. — “ None."
PRINCE WILLIAM . — “ None.”
PULASKI. — “ None.”
RAPPAHANNOCK . — “ None.”
RICHMOND CITY. — “ None.”
RICHMOND AND WESTMORELAND. — “ None.”
ROANOKE. — " No public school property has been destroyed by vio
lence.”
ROCKBRIDGE. — " No public school property has been destroyed by vio
lence in Rockbridge, and only one house by accident.”
ROCKINGHAM.— “ None.”
RUSSELL. — “ None."
Scott. — “ No public school property has been destroyed by violence.”
SHENANDOAH. — “ None.”
SMYTH . — " No public school property destroyed by violence."
108
SECOND ANNUAL REPORT OF THE
SOUTHAMPTON . — " No public school property has ever been destroyed
by violence in this county ."
SPOTSYLVANIA. — " No public school property destroyed ."
TAZEWELL . — " No destruction of school property .”
WASHINGTON.— “ No school property destroyed by violence."
WISE . — “ None.”
WYTHE. — “ None."
SUMMARY OF WRITTEN REPORTS.
(1.) History of public sentiment concerning public schools in the county
during the year.
93 counties and cities report a gain in public sentiment.
6 report no change.
5 report unfavorably .
1 not heard from .
(2.) Have the colored people continued to manifest a great desire for
education ?
89 counties and cities answer this question affirmatively.
15 report that they do not manifest so much interest as at first.
• 1 makes no report.
(3.) Views as to the probable working of the present modeof raising
local school funds.
It appears from the reports that nearly all the superintendents
prefer the present to the previous law in regard to taxation,
and that the great majority of them would prefer the rate of
taxation to be fixed by the Legislature or by the School Board.
(4 .) Is itdesirable thatthe required minimum of school attendance should
be reduced ?
72 counties and cities report that no change in the present regu
lations concerning this subject is desirable.
32 represent that a reduction is necessary.
1 not heard from .
(5.) Has any improvementbeen observed in the qualificationsofteachers ?
86 counties and cities report improvement.
SUPERINTENDENT OF PUBLIC INSTRUCTION .
109
(6.) Brief account of teachers' institutes.
Institutes were held in 77 counties and cities.
(7.) To what extent has uniformity of text-books been secured ?
31 counties and cities report that complete uniformity has been
secured .
56 have nearly succeeded .
. (8.) Are the records of the District and County School Boards properly
kept ?
A large majority report that the records have been properly
kept.
A few complain of great irregularity on the part of district
clerks.
(9 .) Any improvement, or prospect of improvement, in school houses ?
87 counties report improvement.
( 10.) Any litigation grown out of taxation for school purposes ?
There was no trouble from this source, except in four counties an
effort was made to stay the collection of taxes.
(11.) Any public school property destroyed by violence ?
Two houses were destroyed ; supposed to have been the work of
incendiaries.
Female.
Male.
21
11
3|51127
42
|13122
n
378
390
432
395
342
292
|1065
1164
1
115
|1607 4208
63 354
114
39 468
596
216 1418
*
768827 1094
634 901
2229
2
1
aO
8
62
35
835
34
212
96
82
1742
1479
2066
1858
1996
9141
402
6344
182 280
189 314
70 167
441 761
31
2042
480 988
316 681
598 1179
424
849
636 4937
1240
2454
900
15
1284
3
White.
Colored.
Totalwhite.
Male.
316
7411380 356324 313
252 576 1317
689 981
669 2049
171
470
140 311 1292
376 829 275 180
455
Female.
189 371 16
2040 4302 1142
370 754 508
394 798 365
8871009 425
431
581
469
347 756 604
2011 4204 2483
100
57 98
66 125 93
54 97
36
177 320 229
Alexandria
..city
1283
1318 2601 772
Alleghany
county
Clifton
143 148 291 28
. Coving
. Boilin
180 174 354 52
ton g 272
.Spring
285
557 21
607 12021 101
595
.
County
Amelia
county
Leig
. h
161 165 326
.Gile
157 143 300
s son
.Jack
145 122 893
267
.
County
463 430
Accomac
county
Pungotea
gue 425
.
.Lee Metompkin 691
511
.
.Atlantic
453
.Islands
182
2262
.
County
Albemarle
county
Riva
nna
384
. .Hall
White
404
.Scott.Mille
456
svilleel
Samu
540
r
.Charlottesville409
2193
.
County
Alexandria
county
Jeffers
on
41
..Arlington
59
Washi
ngton
. County
43
143
.
colored .
Total white and
COLO
. RED
Totalcolo'd .
WHI
. TE
O
8.77.316
.6.86854
.SCHOOLS
months taught.
.5o
10.
9.5
.0100
7.81
6.16
4.33 3
5.96
.565. 00
5.33
6. 6
.10
.
WHITE
Male.
20con corno
Como
ScExco
E
COMn
Female.
Poze Forcoco E NON OD PRO
Totalwhite.
= = = |Male.
AB 5 - Hw
DISTR
. ICTS
Total.
AHHAATCO00 m
O CO Bereco o CON COCO SENSE
6.
1
8.8 5
4.80
4. 6
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[
ENHAN COMARCO CO
29
30
3233
30
001
25
32
441
43
25
42
3510
00
161924.65
30
001
2312
30
733131661
37 50
27501
33
28
2500
5031
3419
2575
401
50
60
42
37503500
35
33
1028
50
49
22
56
31
2966
2810
4570
16
38
3600
87
30
28
36
3053
05284629
32
39
30
35
221$ 9
00
32
23290030
3530
7523
002525
75
25
42
1035
4443
1428
102835
70
50331638
43284429
652996241529
30
87
00
00
35
00
21$29
AVERAGE
MONTHLY
.SALARIES
fotal
emales
.Tmales
30 0
30
2312
000
35
$2219
43
56
25465000
40
00
00303000
66
41
44
31
$22135009
Of
FROM
SOURCES
.ALL
.TEACHERS
Total from
Average number
SCHOOL
POPULATION
5 nd
abetween
old.21years
public funds
Table
.1No
NOTE- Female.
Total colo d
NACO SESSE PROva
|| Total
Tote whitecolored.
H
and
./
soca
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ܕܘܕܙܝܕܝ ܕܝ ܕܝ ܗ ܟܙܢ ܟܙܝ ܗ ܗ ܃ ܃ ܃ ܗ
BORA CO
110
SECOND ANNUAL REPORT OF THE
cocoa
317
277
.Temperance 310
485
.
Pedlar
.1389
County
county
Appomattox
2: 9
.
Stonewall
224
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Side
South
.
Hill
318
771
.
County
Augunty
cou
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.
or
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.
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47
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.
River
513
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River
North
617
692
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384
Staunton
.
.
County
3622
countyWarm
Bath
90
.
.106 Springs
Creek
Cedar
Williamsville146
'.
Millboro
147
County
489
Bedford
county
554
.
Liberty
416
191
an
.BuchanCounty
1. 422
.
Amsterdam
county
Botetourt
.
Fincastle
535
444
143
160
200
163
196
722
476
541
292
Lisbon
.
520
Chamblissburg
530
421 421
. .
Staunton
330 273
330
. 2Charlemont
Otter
.91
225
235
.
Forest
.
County
2767
2612
county
Bland
.
Mechanicsburg
230
216
158 147
.
Seddon
106
96
145
129
2
28
31
39
26
955
178
420
189
517
311 177
620
351
1678 721
1457
156
78162 73119
170
238
75262 52
155 109
1094192 208
66
69
2019
262
2718
34319
*
1230
1399 2856
318 1026
151 1063 13
289
1367 17
500 1465 13
127
1390
18
264 1557
1612 25
400
9480
CUCOCO CO
4.93
74. 6
4.74.494. 759
8.44.95.0725
4.54.757
5. 4.89
.745.158
4.95
WERE BO ల రంంటేఅదే ANNI COD FEEC 52100 SCOO er
27
16
102
.*Census
of1870
|235.1407
8
.94
412.9295
-c + BH = a C +
4.66
57
43
4.54.303
235
133
8.24.652
1095
612 592 1204 2299
708 154 138 292 1000
5.65.179
177
393
1443
1050
216
842
317 1159
172 145
660 255
297
1212
552
7.58.75.5 500
218 466
248 296
564 338
634 1030
1094
460
6.26
5379 1995 1863 3858 9237
4.17
485
446 14 25
13 12
330
305
4.64.04.1018
329
323
2
13
419
396 4110 52
4.36
1563
1470
176443
.5 5
18470
87 211 387 1274 252
2.5
125
116518
127
913
250
*14
1579
1498
1081
546
17
115.25
248
8018
586
|14137
1551
14592881
196
202
276291
965
5 -OCCIACON ENN
193 366
371 791
783
662 1282
463
1055
1369
463
1978 4549
574478 1117
1008
ܘܒܝܛܝܪܚܗܒ ܝ ܘܗ
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Sharon
.
. County
Gap
Rocky
.748
1078
965
708
912
1263
1348
1157
7431
3809
193
302
686
325
442
515
452
646
656
773
2571
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10
543243304 270235
226
530
253
592 212
282
906
i250 251 930
213
421
1182
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SED SOOO OOFEES CCCS
14
18
12
16
12
1134
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144
11
40
31
31
73
32
3653
2523
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30
00
64
31
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61
33
00
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2892
3471
2679
24103024
341
715
2555
3589
66
21
4024
1908
2602
2500
2213
29
22
250054
2500
00
20
1527
2534
2813
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54
2555
84
32
36383211
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23
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60
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2942
2981
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98
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79
67
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31
94
31
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27
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00
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2633
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543660821
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36
88
36
262581
61
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32
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00
32
284
6026
00
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21
1
+
county
Amherst
:
Elon
.
Courthouse
.
SUPERINTENDENT OF PUBLIC INSTRUCTION.
111
GOOOOO
ܘܟ ܢܝ ܕܝ ܕܝ
a
.
WHITE
Total white.
Female.
.
263
224
448
268
county
Caroline
218
.
Church
Madison
. Reedy
245
. 439
Royal
Port
214
.County
Green
Bowling
.1116
Falling
River
.303County
.1506
.
River
Otter
Seneca
Campbell
county
Rustburg
. Brookville
.
257
502
1
405
326 158
539
1969
840 279
536
409 207
458
560 242
256 20605
1
224
219
652
1604
500
452
257
1297
2803
195
392
268
185
921
141
244
113
91215
117
273 227
233 219
362 290
736
.Lick
Sand 868
.Couningh
ty am
Buck
cou
139
.. ville nty
Mays
111
Francisco
128
.
Curdsville
.
190
Marshall
River
Slate
.185
.Jame1s048 295
River
.
County
.Grundy
Garden
.
county
Brunswick
322 274 596 611
. .Meherrin
Totaro
298 326 1648
322 180
620
455
.
Oak
Red
146
1542
1714
7County
90
752
.
Buchanan
county
Male.
.
DISTRICTS
Male.
COLORE
D
.
.between
5and
years
21old
353374283
160
636
1094
365 925
2469 5272
218869
242
409
191
460
626
320
306
1128
636 1010
368
886
11466
834
720
447
4727
118925561
1367
2171
1055
560
524
384
4| 709
1400
1060
793
2740
580
748
954
657
500
452
652
1604
654
1116
529
549
Total.
517
1724
1128
1261
1881
613
331
786
1112
14653175
4717
328
577
401
356
201
191
Total colo'd.
253
276
260
289
170
315
262
1351
1389
281
235
289
177
298
338
183
182
|1227
Total white and
colored .
RES
& comporta COUV
COCO-TICO
Female.
POPULATION
SCHOOL
COC -VORA A SOG SACO White.
Asos Colored.
ODRA E NO COCCEIA O CORO
4.62
440
8.4 8
4.94.753
.
SCHOOLS
ove Male.
Female.
ܬܘ ܤܬܟ ܦܛܝ ܘܒܕ ܛܚ ܗ ? ܝܒܫܝ ܬܟܟܝ ܚܝܝ
.84 5
4.25
5.7
3.5
.94
6.5
4.98 30
.645.147
4.19
5.25
64.5.174
14
.48
4. 4
COSI AORA Ovo
100 DADO
.
WHITE
.COLORED
25
2$ 3
2500
29
00
00
25
20
00
2300
00
40
26271
2500
0025
2500
9730
42
33
2525001
252500
0000
82
3325
3669
2423
3500
25
1659
39
22
30
702940
2351
1994
16'
22
0519
1663
1859
2443
2500
30
2627
250025002500
3495
30
40
15642443
1663
2500
1905
14536316
2500
2500
19051
00
2415
15
24152415$24
0025
2500
0025250000$25
2500
00
10
.
SOURCES
ALL
FROM
Of .males
.
,females Total
.
TEACHERS
2500
0030
2500
2500
46
32
92
28
1905
16
63
1564
2443
2351
1994
3495
257340003623
2500
33232000
2500
2500
15$24
1524
2415
2415
.
SALARIES
MONTHLY
AVERAGE
Total from
public
funds
).TABLE
No1—(Continued
Focos como o o CVE E Totalwhite.
ܝܕ ܘܗܫܒ
260B
Female.
rotalmolvu
O
.
TIMOT
112
SECOND ANNUAL REPORT OF THE
| ܢܝ ܝ ܊ ܃ ܃܃܃܃ ܃ ܙܝܝ ܝ ܢܝ ܝ ܊܃ ܕܝ ܝ
Totalwhitecolored
and .
Average number
months taught.
county
Charlotte
183
200
182
167
3207
319
528
33807
8659
1084 59
196
400 203
189 426 185
121 239 161
266
562 86202
190 320 837
962 1917
|4215206
21
126
293
143
505
158 320
189 405
198
432 97
215 407 103
760 1564 364
181 390
181 386
308
1587
167
404
162
73261
90
430
1671
199 399
378
195
262 516
183 378
839
594
669
810
3756
829
886
562
15
101
47
39
.
100
8101
8872641
403
478
312
576
16+7
186
3591
429
433
323
1185
7+ 9
788
542
964
506
179 611
180 587
651 2215
191 394
362
177
142 303
402
200
287
82
1· 25
71
1308
869
5|
ow ENANC
- - - - ETCOCC00 PBA con 2199 1960 - ou no Permaco che core of a ser o foco toco confor
221
•649
213 434
171
500
1800 351 476
12
246
5191512 1031 1625
290
1037
310 366348 639
1084
499 706
1586
1070
571
352
724
372
1102
1573 1565 3138 4809
204 218 422 1287
727
200 188 388
191 172 363 1170
115
211
530
96
278
227 505 1033
182 197 379 5617
153 137 290 45
1323 1235 2558 5765
101
167 487
63
530
13
15
69
125
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.17 4
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1191
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26
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29
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229
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2616
1920
215518061920
2155
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18
1924 19
2000
00
17
2000
$20
00
2529 12
28952550
30
3001
8734
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21551
24191806
2019
771818531
$2000
1700
15372000
2S
.
Madison
118
296
. Stephepsburg
Catalpa
130
.
.
County
county
. Cumberland
Hamilton
254
195
.Madisonke
832
County
Chesterfield
county 435
Manchester
.
.
Midlothian
172
403
Matoaca
.
Dale
157
.
.
Hill
Clover
267
.
109
. Bermuda
Powhite
77
County
1620
.
Clarkey
count
162
Greenway
Chapel
216
. . Battletown
234
. Long
192
. County
Marsh
.
+
80
county
Craig
209
. New
Alleghany
. Simmons
Castle
205
. County
ville
165
579
.
Culpeper 20+
county
.
Jefferson
237
.
Salem
.
Mountain
Cedar
Walto
. n
.Bacon
.Roano
100
268
90
78
801
549
1347
1741
1774
3631
1857
215
149
230
126
454
886
Coco conter
399
co c N N S ca- E
- 2 + b + c + S TC + 5c + c = 8 +c = c = 0 v ề
=
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content or to the core Season to comba
259
y
Carroll
county
. Laurel
Creek
Pine
AO
.
Fork
Fancy
Gap
.
290
15
. Sulphur
Gap
Piper
339i3654
394
.County
Springs
,Charles
county 125
HarrisonCity
71130
. . Chic
Tyler
. County
. kahominy326
86
55
28802739
2654
30258600
30003500
2836
776627
32
2076
2706
202
32783
3543
26492909
27202500
2700
25503000
$2000
1700
15352000
18161754
1920
180621551924
256343
SUPERINTENDENT OF PUBLIC INSTRUCTION.
113
ܝܙܝܕܝܗܙܝ ܝܟܝܝ ܬܘܙܝܣܟܗ.ܝ.ܝ ܝܕܝܕܝܗ ܝ ܃܃܃ ܝ
.
DISTRICTS
.
WHITE
years
21
.
old
COLORE
D
.
Female.
Totalwhite.
Male.
. Marshall
Scott
.
.l-Ceitre
.
County
Fauquier
county
Fairfaxty
conn
.
Centreville
.
Lee
Mount
Veruor
.
.Providence
Church
Falls
.Dranesville
.
Female.
104
451
399354165199
92
66
125
145
187
161
122
291
282
337
131
631 1324
364
822
279
288
567
56
166
137
150
53
69
1195
331 350
319 392
98 175
917
748
333
316
394 486282
447
213
940 111
1089
+
435
|1332
189 190
187
377
201
206
407
347
318
665
234 78
532
298
693
13412734
1393
458
208
109
489
200
161
186
370
15158
4
58
6+1
246
186
338
425
TO ACTCoer Er woerer 20HACO E erorcoor Eco White.
Average number
.5
5.83
7.
6
3 10!
5.24.636 5 5 10
63, 6
6. 6
5.28
5.28
5.6.655.1422
5.47
6.91
7.25
067.757
6.03
1389 514
6146011
216
191
328
544
402 1011
|41679
553
35852 4616684.76
131
91
1002
663
4058
689
560
476
668
1042
955
561
933
|3143
12203
146
462
2557
3563
9741121
577
994
1239
753
.
COLORED
A
214
319
+22354
.
106
156
165
water WANN - EACOCO COFANIA Coer | Colored.
hoe o ns 821 000 BRA SOOOCO CO Total.
8243001
Female.
months taught.
8 000 Fretera COA CO CO CO Male.
CON PARVO - O -NCW0 -700- 0 - - Female.
E ER -1cor V Encor e co co o Co Totalwhite.
1Male
Totalcolo'd.
.
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3
90
421
50
92
31
00
00
30
46873000
11
352631
92
15
00
25 60
09
31
68
25
23
5930(0
92
962600
31
30001
0700
29 30
00
00
57
26
80
273+00154000
66 *
30
0829
Of
.
TEACHERS
$
Rappock
.Occup.hann
aciau.Crntya
.Darvills
154
Sappony
118
.Ruwanty
198
. Naniozine
221
.
County
. county
Elizabeth 691
City
Chesapea
.
165
. .Southfield ke 40173
Wythe
378
.
County
Essex
county
Cent
172
. ral
Total white and
colored.
580
2043
188 :5434
3
167
302 640
379
+
80
1036 2231
293 613
802
410
189 36+
892
|1809
363
709
279
.
SCHOOLS
| Total white and
TABLE
CNo
.)(1- ontinued
.
SOURCES
ALL
FROM
87312420
10
42
30
30
001
061
34
18 30761
2570
2910
37
31
34
30003117
00
40
females
.Tmales
otal
31lo
87312420
275028
003023392910
300062
2475
6024
2795
2753
30
25
403000
00
37
31
17
31
2515
2669
2500
2627
22502500
0030
.
SALARIES
MONTHLY
AVERAGE
Total from
public funds
POPULATION
SCHOOL
aBetween
5 nd
Total colo'd.
(contd 130 114 244 308 272
),Cuniberland
Randolph
.
512 446 958 1098 945
.
County
Dinwiddie
county
Male.
114
SECOND ANNUAL REPORT OF THE
ܘܗ ܛܒܘܘ ܗܢܝܬܟܝܝܟ ܘܒ ܢܝܝܕܝ ܗ ܩܝ ܩ
ܝ ܗ ܝ ܬܟ ' ܃ ܃܃ ܃ ܕܝ.ܘܗ ܟܚܐܟ ܟܢܝܢܝ ܬܟ ܢܝ ܊
colored .
309
666
401
546
443
78104 727
740
COCOAN CITA - ONION - 0- 00- CDANDCOCOS - - o pero no FA
Don Boora AVOIDCOCOS
22
359
342
927
1938
258243
353
310
141
198
38
26403
576
1|701
1*3513
1865
874
501
1063
663
2221
741
648
458
374
1401
176 24768
5326
765
49
101
10
918
402
625
322
359 3735
1779
254
126 680
392
201 1025
342
1700
350
148 923
817 1696 3405
251 685
140
199 581
10517 428
2171
974
1080
6191 353
126 773
162 6+3
743
159 305
117 720
61 146
539
79
1084 2087 6738
318
1169
185
1811111
83
36847
46
61
34
142 329 5+
1871
771297 219
1030 2327
1003
420
821
163
414
98
960
368
811 26 10
351
744 15
1225
559
1107 69
2112
4561
409 356
291 600 82 59
203 450 103 95
197 420
2513
169
348
1511
860 1818
225178
'sC47reek
.2Walker
223
.Pembroke
179
.
Newport
58
9.Coun
ty
er
cest
nty
Glou
cou
Petsworth
219 154 374003
Ware
214
186
. .
410 875
465
.
Abingdon
8County
|1618
.! 99
county
Giles
Pearisburg
.
3.Cree
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.OpeqnonCounty
.2449
couhester
Winc
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'
5676
111
94
211
182
65
71
146
879
182
128
191
358
202
3622
1638
619 44
636
43
817
392
319 317
.Little
kiver
.41709
408
2Alum
.Jacksonville
Ridge
175
278
Valley
Indian
577
299 305
155 150
'sFork Couuty
Burk
1722
1654 3376
.
county
Fluvanna
223 203 385
Palmyra
426
.
202 183
. .Fork
Columbia
3:25
151 174
Union
290 573
Cunniu
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1709
Coun
.
859 ty
Frannty
cou
klin
219 215 431
Roc
Mou
.
ky
nt
98 wk
184 382
1.Cree
Sno
546
256
290 on
.Uni
Hall
727
330 647
reek
397 318
C
s
'
Gill
.
.
Bonbrook
329 220 481
261
. Black
Magodee
232 206
438
. 327
water
276 603
.
Branch
Long
393
Brown
199 194 4651
Hill
.
2199
2452kty
.Coun
eric
Frednty
305
142
.*Census
1870
of
30
5. 4.80
5. 94.803
4
.755.872
5. 6.32
5.95
5.02
5. .864.771
4.50
4.84.74
5.
12
1838
.642.4
4.57
82108.18.567
3.4
5.2367
63. 11
.744.913
52
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9.87
.844.833
5.
4.90
252|13
.84831879119
5.60
42415
3+5949
4017574.93
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111
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25502583
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52
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22751
2775
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253231
3000
30002965
31
3583
7728
36
30
3086
30
222474
51
29132216
2366
2000
2450
2073
1929
28004621
33
00
3000
40
00
2930
75282841
00
20000300
29
2822
25
26081
8622
2666
2520
83
00
30
37
07
86
11
02
32
2502
3000
296530003083
31
28
63
2961
19
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9035
25250000
20201 7826 25071
2798
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2500
284+2500 28
3000
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2620,2678
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8 . Pero
Rappahannock276
Cedar
Run
183
.
1984
County
.
county
Floyd
.
Grove
Locust
344
3000
2608
862229012266
0020
2000
1693
15501583
1980
1642
3618
1716
2937
2240
08
31
3000
003030002965
45
31
6534
3071
00
30
2986
0025
2941
28
272535
846
23482500
002524002500
2500
0725
267898
27
SUPERINTENDENT OF PUBLIC INSTRUCTION.
115
.
DISTRICTS
Total white.
Male.
Female.
.Meadsville
Creek
Birch
Carmel
.Mt
.
Walnut
. Black
Bank
Red
.
COLORED
Total whitecolored.
and
Total colo'd.
114
25848
96
145
313
519
52199069
826
544
805
1337
708
412
959
1362
1535
1356
810
1000
1746
569
1215
981
113
547
321
1605
747
550
238
578
526
501
1108 11
1709 15
1270 18
4087 44
312
522
104
181
237
59
256
263
303
199
458
632332 120
420 390
600 400
254
52 61631
503 478
293
158
85
123
26+
167
180
73
248
240 488 921001
280 263
543 8868
529
260
269
1560 2815
788
Female.
281
502
532 213
309 223
296
135
161 204 403 501
199
57
197 202 399
2036 1814 3850
.
County
Goochland 250 263 513
county
Dover
. .Lickingh
192 385
ole 193
357
178 179 1255
.
Byrd
634
621
.
County
county
Grayson
480
555 1035
Old
Town
. Elk
789 588
745
1529
.
Creek
623
1211
Wilson
.
3775
1962
i1813
.
County
- Stanardsville
county
Greene
183 214
397
152 137 289
..
Ruckersville
196 201 397
.
Monroe
531
1083
.
County
Greensville
county
108
92
200
.
Belfield
111 118 221259
.
Hicksford
.
Zion
26353 554
291
.
County
Halifax
county
546
284 335
262 746
.
Bannister
411
.Staunton
Roanoke
320
646
326
.
149 133 282
Male.
.WHITE
Average
months number
taught.
.844.676
4.66
4.84.366
.84 73. 5
4.54.8
6.15.85
3.65.467
5. 4
6.5 .72 1811
5. 7
5
4.5 4
5.
Male.
.84 6.12
4.9
5.18
WHIT
. E
5 - 0- -NOROCO AC - CN CO CO NENO onco Female.
E COSA Eerore e 496 Total white.
OVO
- - - Male.
OH- EN
-
.
SCHOOLS
.
COLORED
Total colod.
No1–(Continued
.)TABLE
8531
2829
063000
31
43
01
2829
0009
3034
5+263+
31
2955
35
56
32
3650
3063
267031
15
00
25
0025
20 002500
2300
35 39
31
30
37
33
338 66
4 00
27 82
33
35
01
43
0528
22
3000
2656
200000301867
50
3000002527
150010
3000
3009
3056
32631542955
35
365028753256
86
23
2500
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2500
2300
20
61
05 0
00
20
2500
2300
1750
20
200000
25
2300
7518
178216281413
29
18 238575
17
30
3623
1782
39$226868
1750
862639$28
Tf.males
otal
, emales
312846
24 43$2504
.ALL
SOURCES
FROM
.MONTHLY
SALARIES
AVERAGE
30
31
2846
28
Of
of
.
TEACHERS
Total from
public funds
SCHOOL
POPULATION
.Between
old
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21years
Colored.
- Etno White.
voo Total.
MANACOPAR os - com 22000000En comper Feren
Totalwhite and
de
w or converteren
200cm
116
SECOND ANNUAL REPORT OF THE
colored.
Female.
.
713
265
213
304
235
. Hen
Clay
296
. ry County
1
313
.
Henrico
county
Tuckahoe
294
.Brookland
247
.
.
Fairfield
216
Varina
.
County 757
- Martinsville
county
Henry
.Leatherwood
306
247
.
170
.Ridgeway
Irisburgt
250
. Horse
399
. 1Coun
Pasture
372
.
ty
High
cou
land
nty
2Grass
Blue
. 15
Monterey
182
.2Stonewall
. 44 County
41
.6county
Isle
Wight
of
Newport
244
.
. Windsor
Hardy
345
261
.
8
50
.
County
county
City
James
.
House
Stone
44
Powhatan
. Jamestown 6481
. Williamsburg
.77 266
.
County
King
George
county
185
. Chotank
Shiloh
247
. Passpatanzy
.122 County
54
.|5county
QKing
-& ueen 171
Newtown
. 284
.258
Stevensville
. County
Vista
Buena
511
426 277
570
481
297
244
60+
1197 51
159
228541 485
630 320
76
235 496
761 1611 555
81118 74136
142
73116 154
193 62
280 546 414
179
364 178
283 227
530 320
105
567 1121 97595
353
182 266
547
263
1531
*1273431 318
111
316
590
136
1012
152
289
255
72
1160
722
412
2294
1361
1308
801
1220
632
2653
233
407
409
312
.*Census
of1870
810
1506
3 |1174
64
|1000 2059 |3190
1059
119
401 815
180 358
310 630
185
88578
1173
191
457
484
475 959
325
78
153
57113
270
60
157
60
42
12
527
1306
|4734
2012
420
387
501
399
369
429
21
18
721
2392
539
1156
326
871
800
184
185187
556
306
312
357
1005
1151
762
715
335
815
315
148
448
150
150
317 640
236 474 1122
900
275
242219 552
1020
539
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210 380 180 155
500 259
250 779 150
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282 529 192
148 1387
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209
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SUPERINTENDENT OF PUBLIC INSTRUCTION .
117
ܝܕܝ ܘܘܕܝ ܢܝ ܢܝ79 ܛܝܕܝ
Female.
2542
466
654
504
366
552
.
County
Green
Spring
.
. Court
Cuckoo
House
510
4131
400
468
361
313
2465
236
348 328
257
1078 226
505
391
Gilead
.Mt
387
.Merce
r
479
Lovettsville 392
.Jeffers
380
Run onCounty
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2534
.
Louisa
county
237
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n
.
.
County
Loudoun
county
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rg
.
.
Station
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.,
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. Rocky
ville
Jones
.
Station
King
William
172
. county 159
Point
West
137 116
.Acquinton
163
161
. County
Mangohic
459 +49
.
Lancaster
county
White
1177 88
Chape
l
.
12 120
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a
. .Stone
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163
+
18
.County 428 371
Male.
Male.
534
1000 68
1291
640
968
464
374
740
2583
5125 249
1015 192
263
80+
787 229
947
41
753
139
108
693
4999 972
330
232
469
448
486
250
576
676
483 368
2722
|11036
114 372
672
342
1141
413
1317
861
1118
542
1794
1740 1223
6877
825
1999
1286
1130
34 130
81 1375
25
53 1021
49 786
22716 476
5601
180
372
1387
235223 498 1302
34129 75268 1239
1022
1021
105
213
906
906 1878
749
2442
247205
557
617
223 461 792
313 640
893
213
433 757
Totalcolo'd.
1534
785
207
190
259
908
.
COLORED
Totalwhite and
colored.
145
352
180 370
347
219 478
799 656 544 1200
5711123
9062 163
73
327
220
Female.
253
324
331
.
WHITE
Total white.
.
DISTRICTS
Bow SFEEST GAAN EAACO White.
4
33915505
1669
2 -701er
4.745
.51412
194.37
ON ON ON
BROWN 50+ Nner 100- - AN
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Female.
6.98
5.99.0.16662
7.20
7.256.57
4.544.6i 3 104.54
.358.433
.
SCHOOLS
.
WHITE
colored .
13
10
9
13
11
21
16
12
.
COLORED
| Totalcolo’d.
5and
.Between
old
21years
Total white and
Total.
No1—(Continued
.)TABLE
.
SOURCES
ALL
FROM
29
33
6537300031
2500
20007925
2500!
2416
3949
3119
3322
25
25
08 00
28
26 58
25
4+39
3025
25
250000
30002413
50$220002
28
262525641
25
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2500 25
173429
30
293+3000
2592
2800
75
2500
0025
2500
2000
2708
16
0020
2+13
00
2500
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25
00
31
13
33
3017487
46
32
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61
275024762480
94312965
46
32
30003081
2949
2414
14
24
2413
0025
2500
00
286034
25
250000
2571
25002000
22
50
2000
3000
.
SALARIES
MONTHLY
AVERAGE
30633693
25
200071
2500
31913000
0
0025
2500
00450
33
30002413
50$220002
ofmales
Of females
.
.
.
Total
.
TEACHERS
public funds
Average
months number
taught.
•SCHOOL
POPULATION
- Non E conco Colored.
GRACIA - CA
Totalwhite.
DFESTE Eoin Co Groserie
co
co o
Total from
118
SECOND ANNUAL REPORT OF THE
Male.
| ܬܟܝܝܝܝ ܗ ܃܃ ܝܬܟ ܫܟ ܢܝ ' ܃ ܝ ܚܬܝ ܗܕܕܚܫܟ ܫܟ
os Lono Ponto
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123 256 183
163
413
197
398 844 4| 99
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341 759 116
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124 236 166
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187 179
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159
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48
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118
130
194
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SUPERINTENDENT OF PUBLIC INSTRUCTION .
119
Female .
384
1632 1830
363
.
County
.
Capeville
.Eastville
.
Franktown
172
130 147
.166 137
473 556
. Northumberland
County
county
Lottsb
180
177
. .Heathsurg
.Fairfieldsville 175
145
127
80 61
.Wicomico
580
Northampton
county 187
.COLORED
101
130
110
93
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615 892
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217 544
172
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698
199 401
271
514
221 348
197 372
888 1635
2720 6182
497246 203489 986449
198 180 378
200
168
Total white and
colored.
543 1225
915263 1872
4403
1157 1563
98
141
111
104
454
957
280
Female.
182
172
303 278
1612 150
+
359 220 172
277
300
303 214 290
939 749 762
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357 64 115
327
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102
272
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5171097
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225
295
.
Grove
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Road
Butts
1478 112
17
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128
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reek
254 212 466
1310 1075 2385
.
Norfolk
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Norfolk
.
County
Male.
682
2531
202
243
127
175
747
3462
585
249
520
259
306
.
WHITE
Total white.
-(c)ontinued 387 295
. Nelson
Greenfield
1357 1174
.
County
New
Kent
. county 106 +1396
Creek
Ware
.
Cumberland
109
's.StPeter
67
.
Creek
Black
9460
Male.
.
DISTRICTS
Total colo'd.
.
SCHOOLS
months taught.
5. .94 6
464.965
4.64.892
5.4
.45 1
5.30
825
5.62
5.30
4.86.363
4.89
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.
WHITE
TABLE
No
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COLORED
001818661700
001818661700
2906
60262528
25002500
25004124
2250
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15002500
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53
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21251873
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00
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00
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51
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2767
30002000 052322
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2883
79
33
3936
2799
20833000
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Of
.
TEACHERS
.
SOURCES
ALL
FROM
42
50
1873
1422
1700
1800
21251866
27
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84
2500
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71
32
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63
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272830 24 2769
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302870
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females
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otal
55
21
.
SALARIES
MONTHLY
AVERAGE
Total from
public funds
Average number
POPULATION
SCHOOL
5and
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old
21years
White.
CUANA A ODINNN
E NON SIA COCO
Co CoCoCo o | Total.
SN C trorator NOT
Female.
Total colo'a.l
EU NO CON BACoco H0CAVAD EROcocon
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e
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RO O Co Brereren oors CO
120
SECOND ANNUAL REPORT OF THE
county
Nottoway
253
166
799
110
146
144
400
152
228
215
250
1165
city
.
Portsmouth
county 144
Powhatan
.Spencer
.
Huguenot
.
Macon
. Prince
County
county
Edward
. Hampden
Buffalo
.Farmville
..
Lockett
.Leigh County
.
.
County
209
246
499
162
310
266
513
256
2461
1231
121
169
170
43 3467
104
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|
1186
4630 9882
1070
410
434 1020
1185
659 2328
291
779
393 1766
898
777
481 835
1228
1025
1310
3563
6272
2679
718
768
590
603
516 952 3348
265
282
293 840
575
324
174
152
386
212 710
172
316
615
296
155
161
319 931
9057634281576
477
813 2481
720 1170
350
370
237
213
450 155
233
229 736
462
274
119
410
191 655
2134
-1115
130
5 116219
256
1140
72
62
345
175 390
516
2396 436
176
408
369
989
20
277
+
354 212 198
660
239 195
586
626 559
1143
314
527 2376 345
2254
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217
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199
414
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211 465 715
3941090 971
1023
342 736
2061 2813
349
189
286 160
272 558
415
42 187
757
101 86
991
780
860 1851
61
326 657
58
710
357
244
526 1932 3226 4564
285 558
114 228
1212 2451 114
287
752
276
257 485
216 469
183 349
1579
104
143
352
105
198
414 400 814 216
522
52 44
29 103
19
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527 407 |2584
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391 371 338
1563
192
350
3200
63
271
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Page
Iron 353331
. .Shen
Marksville
282
Luray
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. County
1239
.
county
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SUPERINTENDENT OF PUBLIC INSTRUCTION.
121
܃ ܊ ܃܃܃܃. ܝ ܢܝ ܝ ܙܝܕܝܙܝ ܊ ܃܃܃ ܃܃܃܃ ܃܃ ܃ ܃܃܃܃ ܕܝ ܝ ܊
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210
162
97
194
Male.
Total white.
280
145
180
Totalcolo'd.
Female.
87
52
7
107 4104
138 108
1963 389 318
518 115 120
650
1 179
171
592 62 8 56
134 355
1760
300 146 160
138
184 78 60
335
141 123 118
59
181
1391
372544558
380
207
96
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| ANR Moto APPలులాలుని రెలు , సనినిలునిలు | White.
com 100H - woont ENANN Colored.
o coor cow of Coco Choco SANA Total.
139
138
241 576
530
278
325
36
424
44
99 353
211 589
246 701
707 2670
235 753
350 1000
118 710
703
2463
306 322
606
2885
626
243
501
2370
706
1034
1145
6.
6.
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5.11
.845.157
5.24
361
5.46
4.75
6.40
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8.5 0
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.46 0
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5.50
157
W SACAO CON FAm PANWAR Total white.
ܣܙܝܙܝܫܟܘܩ
.
Piedmont
.Hampton
.
Wakefield
.
Jackson
.
207
Total white and
colored .
139
1991 154 293
359
149
193
224 166
227 451
175
102 72 69 141
168 146 314
796 762 1558
38470 187 812
266 552 84 70 154
308 665 220 149 773
369
181 372 382 391
755
1589 686 610 1296
118
171
217 238
1015 948
261
328 322257
136
.
WHITE
307 285
896
. Rappahannock
County
county
county
. .Newbern
Dublin
Hiwassee
.
County
Pulaski
.
Brentsville
Manassas
. Gainesville
.
Rives
. .
Prince 109
George
county
.Templeton
67
. Blackwater 100
Bland
.
63
Brandon
103442
.
County
. Anne
Princessy
count
286
Pung
o
. .Seabo
357
ard
Kempsville 191
. Prince
County
William 834
.Occoquan county 144111
Dumfries
200
. .
Coles
Male .
.
DISTRICTS
.
WHITE
Male.
.
SCHOOLS
Total colo'd.
CONO COHEN - -
5a21nd
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old
years
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COLORED
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and .
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POPULATION
SCHOOL
27
25
27
28
28
24
32
2598
2812
31
07
46
01
58
16
41
5343
19
32
04
48
10
49
6648
7428
00$30
002530002500
3000
males
Of.
.
SOURCES
ALL
FROM
.
TEACHERS
61
42
28 2236
2812
9030
2598
12
3038
6626
58013459
41534129
583224830028
63451910
3500
2734
30003000
00$30
002530002500
30009073
$30
00252500001
Of females
.
Total
.
2598
2812
2812
28
48
40243847
20
306733
44242383
2513
42
61
10
49
4563
2400
58
32
2483
2385
0030
2793
2500
0025
3000
00$30
.SALARIES
MONTHLY
AVERAGE
Total from
public funds
No1—(Continued
.)TABLE
months taught.
Male.
CONO CO CO CO COR ECONOCONHA Male
.
5
JAONNOCOV
. [ ,ܝ ܘܝ ܝܒܗܙܝ ܬܟܝܝ
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:
122
SECOND ANNUAL REPORT OF THE
Female.
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ܢܝܢܝܕܙܝܗ
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Woods
Castle
Estillville
Fulkerson
361
672
.311
Creek
Moccasin
. Copper
937 y
1763
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cou
t .Count
.
230
Don
194
1021
212
320
197
26277 26935
228202436
234 138
65
49
419
89
18/
7607
339
18,086
537 2
580
3
546
456
2119
) 2562
528
18
435
845
/5316|241080961
215
39
61
1282
546
366
802
147
717
507 1120 3140
)
302 295 597
1268
192 152 344
833
1177 13
432
413
10
975
845 73 57 130
146
75
71
8379
130
360
760
11
1011
251
121
7121 74
131
753 1599 813
6111
683
131 285
516
540
1120
1056
565
521
141183
1086
97
39
374
12802
773
355
729
44180
622
289
8
328
703
)
853
150
1140
1197
57
1318
1428
80
418
418
151
322
301
153
18
975 8779
397
839
902
63
300
587
101
688
397
728
331
793
65
761
89
220
230
450
52 5023
424
278
736
4314
995
325 171126 144100
260
264
151 131 181
282
275 100
81
1124
539 456
104
501
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331 93520
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5.21
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7.45.954 12
5.16
5.66
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135.14
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5.61
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4.566
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32 3303
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28
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Po
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By
Garden
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Elk
Lebanon
Rappahannock
Stonewall
. County
162
709
.
Richmond
county
.
143130 156134117
. Stouewall
Marshall
Washington
.
147
.
Farnham
589 128
535
.
County
10,455349
3293
79130county
Richmon
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.city
Roanoke
129
149
.
. Catawba
Salem
384
352
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Big
87 1054
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570
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County
2020
613
Rockbridge
315671
.356 county
Lexington
Natu
Brid
399
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Buffalo
'sC335
691
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56 Walker
C.'s reek
400
South
River
343
.369846
.2165
County
4512
2347
Rockingham
countyburg
194Harrison
204
.398
. Franklin
Central
. . Stonewall
Ashby
333
.
Run
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35775 562
Plains
. Linville
6748 674
. GBrock
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..Mass
243apanuttin
County
.4037
7804
3767
Russell
county
3000
00
30
00
46
42
29
54
268323
2500
00252500
2500
56
31
30 00
20
25
3732
34
24
29
25
71
24971
00
48
93
29
33
32
443332
25
12
18
60
81
30
542864
56
84
18
33
25 00
252826861
3000
30002500
2718
51
79
275
653023
32
35 06
33
3000
00
30
30
00
3 1
25
25
001
60
27
2448
82262591
2406
0025002517
2571
2497
23
00
18
00
2398
00
671920002000
2033
1867
49
2510
24522528
25341972
20006018
2748
00
309930
1827
92
49
2398
2506
3000
003025002500
43232699
SUPERINTENDENT OF PUBLIC INSTRUCTION .
123
܃ ܃ ܊ ܼܝ ܊
ܗܝܝܬܝ
1
WOLF - E-N * Ewa
.
WHITE
377 742
365
228 212
440
396
347 743
354
78
2376
90
523 1109 73
547 1155 108
277
563 25
1347 2827
206
13
18
16
2
13
111
0
Totalcolo'd .
5218
971
667
1005
591
1048
729
5011
117 1226
191 1346
51 614
26
18
186
66
756
455
767
716
976
15
24
14
's County
Newsom
158 143 301 182
1004
.Spotsylvania
914 1918 1241
county
227
240
243 470
. Chancellor
Livingston
373 88
194 376
183179
1931
251
1251
. 's
Courtland
Clair
.St
154
996
476
225
5516
8527
336 637
2237 4155
461178 931
901221
26153 359 3186
. Southampton
County
county
156 148 304 171 150 321 625
. Jerusalem
Franklin
191 128 319 657
185 153 338
525 283
. .
Berlin
259 542 1067
276
249
180
80
190 140 333 513
100
Drewrysville
's.
Boykin
156 114 270 224 162 386 656
2434
586
608
286
1480
503 998
495
282 281 563
503 1014
511
366 337 703
4810
18
10
Female.
Total white.
Male.
Female.
344
698
523
445 968
2582 2450 5032
.Shenandoah
County
county 453 452
327 300 905
627
iso
Joh
nsonn
. Sto
all
Dav
. is newCounty
.
Smyth
county
. Rich
Marion
.
Valley
.LeeAsh
. Madby
.Floyd
.
Kalb
De
.Powell
Taylor
.
cScott
() ontinued
Johnson
.
Male .
and
colored.
то tal white
.
DISTRICTS
CO CONCO 4 - 5 8 Foto Own White.
Colored.
COA CON ONCNN HACO -
Average number
months taught.
4.24
.855. 53
4.25
5.26 13
5. .25 0
.5
.94 4 15
4.42 6
15
.0+ 71
.245.9
4.1
6.
5. 5.16
5.78 12
.5
4.25
.044.14.0527
4. 1
. LS
SCHOO
.
WHITE
247.8.|450
Totalcolo'd .
1
3820
14
1819
1
13
76262922
00
296321
2851
15001
15001
2625
2629
00151500
1500
00151500
18
1666
306085
00
502630
5031
3680
20
31
28
29
1833
29673095
00
25
3708
20
36354197
00304610
35
00
59
33
26
13
42
00
3498
2562
00
25
00
25
50
32
75
5021
2636
24702713
84$225003
1500
25
60
15001500
7626
00
21
63
29
2500
4423
30602014
2550
88
30
19
09
2816
2498
71
473830004197
23
$28425003
2150
2636
24702713
3635
.
SALARIES
MONTHLY
AVERAGE
fotal
.Tmales
emales
2662
3
$2000
2875
Of
of
.
SOURCES
ALL
FROM
08
31
4740
66
47
37432500
43924610
1011
1193000
4083
14
3684
11
In
1
002540$24
33
21
2550
2687
2470
2
.
COLORED
. RS
TEACHE
Total from
public funds
No1—(Continued
.)TABLE
Femials
cowbitco Totalwhite.
Male.
Female.
ܗܙܥ ܗ ܒ ܩܬܟܬܟ
ܝܝܬܟ ܕܙܝ ܟ ܟ ܩܬܟܗܒ ܃ ܃ܝܝ ܗ ܪܝ ܟܢܝ ܢܝ
F
SCHOOL
POPULATION
5and
old.Between
21years
.
COLORED
SOF6C0Ftde combo Total.
Eco OTOTA COROT 4
CO OTCOD Male.
0
and
Total whitecolored.
CD 9
ANA ComoCom
.
Scoconut 845
124
SECOND ANNUAL REPORT OF THE
NAVRATA
Berk
139
1156
1 295
. eley
Fred
. ericksbu402
rg 365
.
County
1110
1171
county
. Stafford
233 249 482
292
270 562
.AquiaFalmouth
.Hartwood
Hill
Rock
153 141 294
. County 927
433
249 184
844 1771
.
county
Surry
Guilfo
129 111 240
. m rd
.Cobha
135
125 260
.BlackwCounty
183 87 270
ater
.
447
323 770
Sussex
county
.Stony
House
Court
106 208
102
.
Creek
165
97
68
.Henry
162
83
.Waverly
ville
New
154
. Wakefield
147
91
ON
. County
56 136
80
.
511
461
972
Tazewell
county
l.( ear
Fork
631 525 1156
. Maiden
Jeffersonville
586 520 1106
1041
561 1525
480 3303
.Spring
1778
.
Counnty
Warren
county
. Front
River
South
207 415
.
Royal
283
571
.
Cedarville
441
215
.
Fork
259
101
806 1686
County
Warwick
county
.Denbigh
Newport
40
78
.
58
Stanley
62
.
100
County
OS
198
.county
Washington
610440 1259
Goodson
649
. Abingdon
. Glade
452
892
.
Spring
550 967
1122
572
Saltville
457
510
. North
..Kinderho 440
Fork
371
811
451 966
515 2879
ok 3138
6017
. county
County
W• estmoreland
26008
|4252
.
Cople
203
291
64
122
3570
144
256
128 818
422
73 506
601
2372
284
524
630
370
201 471
855 |1625
452
|660
390 555
626
133
81004
18
16
475
19
28
114
4352
163
68
45
197
209
75
475
165 736
164
276605
17406| 2092
221
143
88115 146
177
346 544
1545
153
286
250
136
1142
110
1316
194
15
103
1170
203
12
10
858
147
34 1000 12
1014
539
7031
60
4|31366719636
ARE నీటి లు - - - ఆలు=
1 F G H 6 లు నిలు -లులు నలులో 8 +ల0 + - hy
OOO
co come to Niri
COC
HOA
Piw : : BNC
s
ONNN O CO CO OTA vwocow 5 COCOWomen BAMO
DA OA esto
126
165
113
476 88379
217 235
187
203
134 131
427
265
154
128 282 2436
64 70
13+81
319
183
863107 76843 1706 2678
68
|1|1270
327 1514
121 46 114
221
94 1135
43
52401 100
3732
158
205
80
134
58
38
310
1902
944 4183
375|412 6701179
172
16
71
.744.5 5
4.76
5.57
654.85.7058
.26 3
4.84.941
4.74.383
4.66
6.4 6
826. 56
.766.36.2875
6.20
ex cowbosco Awwi 00# SETE TINONCAN CO COCOw ToCAA NA
6.
7.
7.
6.47
76.5.
ܝ ܃ ܃ ܬܝܕܝܙܝ.ܝ ܢܕ ܝܒܗܒܙܝ ܙܝ ܊. ܤܢܝܬܒܝܝ '܃ ܬܒܙܝ ܢܝ ܬܟ ܝܝ
1142
12
15
DUNN SCOCOVA D
176
958
Ni Eercon toco CONA - coor 0 - : oi aCOA
:
N 30 -WOR
Se CO W ROCA COC PARA A CO
CH -
wa
SA1o BACA sco
COCOA
ܝܕܝܟܝ ܢ ܘ ܙܚܝ ܢܝܚܙܝ
-
1
15001
30001
29
18751
96242500
22
262400
55
22501
64
10
31
00260020
30002650
3010
26 621928
23 2518
2375
28254323
2447
0
42 9
1821 2650
28
00
30
30 30003000
1787
20
30
30
S
18751
2500
02
00
25
01
0020
34462163
200025
0030
22
01
3000
15651800
15
00
002015001590
20
23
002500
5
58
24732500
19682613
2491
346436
30003000
30003000
6616
35
332315001
cocos
co
܃ ܃܃
ܙ_ܝ ܝ
SO
SSS
܃܃܃ܬܬܟ
3
003
00
Co
a
19
002524002433
1875
072426188138
191
22002300
30002500
91242339
19682554
882880
2642
23602500
003030000030
3000
23841912
265 89
0029
1424
1500
33162333
29351802
SUPERINTENDENT OF PUBLIC INSTRUCTION .
125
Salt
ܘܘܙܝܕܝܙܝܟ ܘ
ܝܝܙܝ ܬ
19
.
WHITE
Male.
Total white .
Female.
.
County
York
county
.Nelson
Bruton
.
. Poquoson
Grafton
.
113
51
68
14
779
Female.
Beste conoce Female.
43
172
190
446
41
81!
40 82
39
339
167 404
214
1460 906
162
358
373 787 37
1144 114
618 5.26 3123
383
1659 1464
484
350
188283
377580
1142 2334
163
2881 341
588
220 448
225
163
181 177
414
189
1192
259
187
178
300
228
297
180
229
8.
Total colo'd.
342
110
174
686
1334
50
862
4369
707
678378
1|2794
472
Colored.
NNN
SAOCHA
8Enerar elcost over Total.
W
3848
*171
456
375
*
602
303
299 684
5624
223
94
129
*31110
1676
1272
223
86
151
75
190
725
347
588
451
580
391
2357
665
803
1465 2664
326403
Total white and
.
COLORED
Average
months number
taught.
.*Census
1870
2. 25
5
.315
8
.45 0
5.46
7.24.653
Op
.57 0
64. 4 ra
e
.
WHITE
.
COLORED
2687
83
30
88
20
28
85
25
28
40
3000
2500
2467
50
32
00
21 47
30
2
17471
1812$15
53
.
SOURCES
ALL
FROM
44
1628
193000249709
0050
52
35
00
20
94
21
2724
24
00
73
28
00
24
78
18
2357
0024
2515
2500
47
21
00
7818181112$15
.
SALARIES
MONTHLY
AVERAGE
26
28
43
31702909/
59
71
31
2866
2500
592731707130
2909
2515
27
02
2833
30 61001 29 00
30
2467
47212500
of .males
females Total
.
.
TEACHERS
6
. County
Speedwell
.
.
Walker
.Lipps County
.
county
Wythe
.
Chiswell
Fort
.
Wytheville
. Black
Evansham
.
Lick
.Montross
Washington
.
countyCounty
Wise
.Gladeville
Richmond
.
Robertson
(cont 182 157 339
'd)Westmoreland
902 198 400
636 563 1199
Male.
.
DISTRICTS
Male.
తెలు+ - N అలు+ + లు
ఎంలా
Own Bercom - I - com
colored .
E como Erco como Barco White.
.
SCHOOLS
Female.
Total colo'd.
5and
.Between
old
21years
Total white and
POPULATION
SCHOOL
Total from
public
funds
Female.
No1—(Continued
.)TABLE
Totalwhite.
D vor | Male.
0Stoom
- 1 - - --r |os
126
SECOND ANNUAL REPORT OF THE
SI
colored .
ܝܗܗܢ ܬܝܒܗܗܙܛ ܗܘܢܗ
:$ & ܗܘܝܒܙܤܟ
ܗܕ
5 and 21 years old .
6344
402
1284
1317
2049
1292
Leigh
.
..Giles
Amelia
county
.
Covington
. County
Spring
Boiling
.
. Alleghany
city
Alexandria
county
Rivanna
.
354
468
596
1418
1094
1127
4208
1742
.
Hall
White
1479
.
Scottsville
2066
1858
.
Miller
Samuel
.
Charlottesville
1996
9141
.
County
Alexandria
county
Jefferson
280
.Arlington
3141
.
.Washington 167
761
.
County
.
Pungoteague
Metompkin
.
.
Atlantic
Islands
.
.
County
Albemarle
county
county
Accomac
Clifton
.
.
Lee
No. of Schools.
B E
.
DISTRICTS
8
NACO SE PO B E No.No.ofof Teachers.
White.
COB SOTACO
com o ACO
Colored.
White.
485
499
70
529
63
581
126
155
2249
351
59
913
2
Colored.
20
176
213
263
Total.
Total.
93
102
157
352
190
)
612
161
115
41
56
29
126
White.
38
472
46
2163
130
103
03
23 53
5461
245
2161
66 32
110
84
260
61
240
1601
118 50
50 53
72
349
448
499
47
404
Total.
.2206
27.69
15.910.476
44.12 17.19
1094
.04
53
286
.09
31
554
.312
47
.890
.05
5942
Colored .
114
21
259
213 860
1303
369 113
1921
177
157
396
93
146
22
700
266
434
615
330
15285
3124
1211
921913
751 149
226
154
61 37 88
463
266
1971
181
1898
2461599 223 171
)
353
53
521
4291 287
263 185
689
277 307
412
21
192
71429
466
455
155
.
Enrolled
Average
.
attendance
23.36
39
.of
cent
Per
school
.Ppopulation
opule
enrolled
.1187
24.38
17.215.634
21.79.22
.5688
10.97
8. 6
Total.
.61441
.404
14.83 9.9.77
35.45
Colored.
.712243527.2368383
21.740954
.21.26|142031.745235453
Colored.
38.09
51.44
Total.
58.99
Enrolled.
0105719
.463
43
52
55.83
57
40.78
845.76933 44
.8.377
39.657813 53
48.174260 .74838.059
41
.640939.9160
12757
130
761
188
901
41 3
16761032
119
561
1582
8
58913
133
129
71
124
9589
109
109
94141
93142
76)120
131082
1$1222
per
.tage
teacher
aottendance pupil
attendance
. month
oftui
Cost
-/those
num
Average
finaverage
.oschool
cent
Per
per
pupils
of
ber
-enrolled tion
inaver
population
Enrolled.
White.
.
PUPILS
| Average
attendance.
.No
2
Table
SUPERINTENDENT OF PUBLIC INSTRUCTION .
127
Average
attendance.
White.
Schoolpopulation,between
5 and 21 years old.
o . of Schools.
1200
Colored.
1117
/484
72
'.
County
.
Average
attendance
.
140
257
549
1033
130
300
13064
66 35
105
22
.4261
37.15
.96
.330
31
7
35.22
13.127.840.0561
33.862
.550
Total.
65.5683
0
29.980 28 34.89
58.2295
3155
51
3.513.65491
67.44
.2531
7
491 59
69.12
116
69
426
566
.033
52
0.2937.3197
3
52
77
112
241
131
35
899
239
252
209
199
6181
157
273
71
318
White.
Colored .
Total.
| White.
Colored.
Total.
White.
1107
281 179
06
185
1160
393 128
247
99
346 138
.Temperance 748
310
93
403 181
.Pedlar County
998 42 15 423 626
*41429
444
.
Appomattox
county
79
98245
Stonewall
.South
7915
147
136
217
783
Side
353 120
7
. Clover
205
1282
Hill
385
126
.
180
439
983
2856
.
County
544 325
21
county
Augusta
112
452
276
574
Beverly 1026
Manor
.
14
1476544251068 467
298
Pastures
.The
1063 18 20
38 1621727
1367
.Riverhea
ds
5203
775
72 386
1465
River
.South
873
43
River
916 567
509
1390
.North
19
165
1048
883
301
River
.Middle
1612
226
112
458
1557
3461
12 2729
.StauntonCounty
5046
715
4331
9480
1117
) 34
.
countyWarm
Bath
262
Springs
.
.
271
Creek
Cedar
. Williamsville
348
.
!
Millboro
319
Elon
.
Courthouse
.Jackson
cAmelia
( ontinued 901
3122
.
County
Amherst
county
DISTRICTS
.
No. of Teachers.
Over DEB 19
Enrolled
.
.of
cent
Per
school
.06565.929.4102
53.23
55.952.960
47.955.957
.30
22
17.25
1120
Colored.
941
.7i560
Total.
.5499
.53354056.5551098
.of
cent
Per
those
.861573
.61
.21
60
.664
62
0
.3.133
63
.051
65.158
64.43
53.755.677
Enrolled.
47
36
65
36
65
.8590 .9610
3520.9.83335432400309081 64.167.563.7812 63.151.550.1666
17438302 58.33 51.44
.9017319538.240
343
42
.17 70.38
..8920233.55603491 64
1836
.065221 59.662.009 62.54
63
.8193
8390530682
.9327621
3330.013
18.57
16.95
20.29
34.430.013
Colored.
14.021.082 16.625095
14
Total.
18.928.637
White.
30.97
45.08
White.
.of
cent
Per
school
enrolled
.Poputa age
population
.
attendance
76
721
1097561
1551578
66
93411 7
14861412
151421
14931413
192
10581
1614
91
511
101
63
1$252
1
11271
14112650
per
month
teacher
o
.tattendance
.
pupil
|Cost
oftui
number
Average
per
-enrolled
aver
inavpopulation
ofpupils
erage tion
Enrolled .
.
PUPILS
attendance.
TABLE
.)(C2–Noontinued
Average
128
SECOND ANNUAL REPORT OF THE
Average
attendance.
county
Bedford
416
1525
1274
1165
1579
4028
500
4717
1724
1881
1112
.1
County
.Brookville
.
River
. Otter
Seneca
.
River
Falling
.
County
Campbell
county
.
Rustburg
1400
746
957
1037
999
5$ 139
452
652
.courty
County
Buckingham 1604
.
Maysville
657
.
Francisco
580
7481
.Marshall
Curdsville
. Slate
95+
. James
River
654
River
1116
.
4709
Garden
. Sand
.
Lick
.
County
Buchanan
. county
Grundy
.
Oak
Red
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10
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countyMechanicsburg
Bland
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294
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31.48
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1870
555 55.8
45.759
292.328
45.119.842
21
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6161
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60.6 26
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189 45
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245 3.9212569.160
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36.96
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1872 497
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116
326
116
222 461
322 43
246
299
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270
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17296
698 1462
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2511432
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291235
676
156
14520
8366
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119
05 137
70294)22483863211
1:0
4170
959
1717
9411
52411
08 245
208
69345
271 205125
140
271
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1235 716
78612370
248
18538
35218 107
49
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507
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52
291
96884 394 54 448
16788
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599 233
133
12466
33.560
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53
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22.25956561569550.1662214836141
72
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51
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|40
53.150521.34615714855560302573
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54
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82'141
191262
94
8915671240
141
781
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0161
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1706093
3
681128159
10
57
10
1460
0
167
69
1
841 94
13
83
93
1
838403
1060
1039
02|1414401
11319
121262
SUPERINTENDENT OF PUBLIC INSTRUCTION.
129
Schoolpopulation, between
CA00 700 metrosdo Estad en SEE Boa No.of Schools.
5 and 21 years old .
746
3658
649
500
638
793
886
595
Chickaho
miny476
. County
1625
.
Charlotte
county
Walton
1037
.
Bacon
1084
.
1586
.Madison
Roanoke
1102
.
4809
.
County
Chesterfield
county
1287
.Midlothian
Manchester
727
.
Matoaca
1170
.
Dale
*530
.
1033
.
Hill
Clover
Harrison
.
.Tyler
.Pine
Creek
.
Fork
Laurel
.Piper
Gap
Fancy
. Sulphur
Gap
.
Springs
.
Charles
county
CityCounty
Carroll
county
Madison
.
.
Royal
Port
1128
1010
1720
. County
Green
Bowling
.
3858
Caroline
county
.
Church
Reedy
No. of Teachers.
E m
.
DISTRICTS
388
14283
White.
101
416
!46719686
211
206
549
308
241
234
155
79
1295
684
611
544
206
354
140
306
182
174
178
534
2185
463
546
605
341
530
1823
1097
726
41
123
106
130
8
5152
40
380
196
104
63172
43
O
1260
67
9127952 74
431
449 116
267
182
154
411
273
298
168
286
235
Colored .
3
)310214
411529
11338
605
341
11546
109
.
Enrolled
59
39
061
72
106
110
453
207
80
153
8
68
37
259
3591
186 53
85
106
21.3
81.138
217
Colored.
Total.
286 81
2625
1287
273
298
16
286
194
151
220
127
104
132
440
77
Total.
Average
. dance
atten
White.
21
.82735,5213390531
529.
White.
Colored .
46.52318 8
Total.
16
13
17
48
4
054
56
White .
.51061133 833
36.57126.9507|217462
37.94228423212.65178116
16
5
343
28
17
32.98 18
18
10
17
15
21
17
1616
11
.
PUPILS
Total.
0.52
4
24881918936316102
58
42
.247150
52
40229
4472122|0404258689341327231
50
491
42
49
47
46
4853
49
51
Enrolled.
34.626195 723 65
. 6471364
366
.1
5855.54|36.051
51
748124221
330648
49
42
6283219
176
6710
454
55.258
661.40.27115866. 213
attendance.
41
| Average
49
5456
77
those
.oschool
cent
ocent
. ffaverage
Per
eaver
opulation
penrolled
.in- nroiled
populatio
ce n
.aage
ttendance
attendan
Average
2
10567313641
183
11281
1354
79 12129
12418
63
126
86
96
91
1452$12561574
1259
52
1255
oftai
Cost
-tper
num
Average
ionber
per
month
ofpupils
.ptoteacher
upil
attendance.
White.
CNoTABLE
.)(2—ontinued
130
SECOND ANNUAL REPORT OF THE
Enrolled.
Colored.
E cavan -20000 Hart Scorco 800 m pervonó bercomo
loco
20-167 -1000 How to do Comporbomo porcon cerca
429
433
611
530
1121
991
753
557
+82
9
91
1
28
334
/0
593
169
178
85 9
11
!9 166
6
.
Church
52Falls
'135Providence
194
13581
.002
68211
689
106
124
10
346
189
157
179
330
363
95
89
21
205
103
57
95
95
116
1562081 1091
252
207
801 27
1373
.845 506 311
38
392
)
149
991
252
1551
403
990
.2557
County
county
Essex
1042
.Central
303
8•9Rap
.55174
313pahannock
139
a
1146 paciCounty
.Occu
.3143
+
40
county
Fairfax
)724
.
Centreville
56077
288 10
127
476
.
Lee
41 144
7176 170 103
668
Vernon
Mount
.974
Chesapeake
.Wythe
.462
Southfield
county
City
Elizabeth
.Madison
.RandolphCounty
.3001
county
Dinwiddie
.Sappony
Darvills
. Rowanty
. Namozine
.1239 County
.3563
14
641
110
311
342 112 67
271 107
168
6107 62 44481
145
1251
2.29
489
206
909
158
102
176
278
17+249
61690 87457
125561
691683 5+ 768561 715701
23
2394
51391
10208
182
489
158
31 102
229
4 151
587
5
487
514
2
.NewSimmonsville
Castle
.323County
. 1185
county
Culpeper
791
.
Jefferson
788
:.
Salem
.
Mountain
Cedar
542
+
96
. Stephensburg
Catalpa
.50613594
.
County
Cumberland
county
1308
Hamilton
.
869
county
Craig
Alleghany
.
.Battletown
Marsh202.Coun
Long
215 ty
.
Bermuda
.Powhite
.5765
County
county
Clarke
Greenway
.
.
Chapel
4239
198 4
206 44
21
1401
296
+18
680
195
650
206
103
187
817
284
171
43
107
20.43
32
33.75
1.2051.232
52.25
179
.155
42
75
44
106
37
270
435
1101
64
133
307
07
B
24.632.187
18
25.114.525728.16016922321
31.225714.82517408
6144
528987324
51
.448
.7352841
4665921209
.450
49
479149
.8317
30.'55337563870659
43
13
10
1416
13.9
26.120.322 24,2.61735
27.35 15.88
31.238.338 32.518.810
16.29
.8254
17
35
21.36
141820
19
2614
57.96 594.7267.473
10
68
.8297
3.6564.161
56.12
61
.12647.431
421716637
.572
26.863.85|71917155560223663.07076|2199246319114821
.61919.42.52728 574.7 53.416738
28.05 69.55
119
1814
26
26
41
20
19
41
18
25
57.4125243400270+5623058523
4/5.031660.376500618308260712
.8190505.55595725.7649512958.62234676500320585729
53
50
725067.98
65.756.433
31.615649367
057.51
57
.492
56.652
.862
1
.065.183
61
9|6.55624681731264948021678
,81.967723.84153661291
4540453.95585273|2237052191
13| 1
10|16613081
661|1291
15915
11960
121
3132
721741241
21| 1
121450
!1372
78
1260
721102
13131632
0221192120602
21
11
1073961566
711|1071
15860
172
2174141842
73137
8013891379
SUPERINTENDENT OF PUBLIC INSTRUCTION .
SS2
HAN
Schoolpopulation,between
5 and 21 years old .
No. of Teachers.
No.of Schools.
3735
680
777
1025
923
402
626
322
918
Countym )3405
Frankl. iny
count
685
.
Mount
Rocky
.Union
Creek
Snow
581
.
Hall
1080
'sCreek
. .Gill
Bonbrook
Fork
Unio
. nningha
Cun
county
Palm
..Coluyra
mbia
Fluvanna
Valley
Indian
'sFBurk
ork
.
Couuty
Ridge
.
.
Grove
Locust
.Little
River
.Alum
Jacksonville
yer
Fauqui
countCounty
Centre
.
.Dranesville
.
663
4058
45
1389 1513
.Scott
]
1460
. Marsha
1679 13
ll
. Rappa
11
banno
ck879
542 51
.
Run
Cedar
.. . .
5949
.
County
county
Floyd
cFairfax
)( ontinued
.
DISTRICT
0
8
olored.
White,
Total.
163
Colored.
258
392
134
|296
101
195
1009
131
104
109
1941
369
175
354 443
122
232
100
1411
551
COL
114
2431 1041347
110
284
43 8 147
77
974
135 8241
253
8
3
99503 218
10404
37731
1931
8 43
212
2058
7345
194205
212
137
167
218
1282126 94
89740
727
424
427
0
18
499
8651
4189
232
232
386
2528
22
812884
Average
.
attend
ance
Total.
55
0
661181
69
315
332
44
2009 806 23292
609
1400
47
241 603 187 124
13362
15431
643 253 112
212
422
2051
13
627 248 104
455 1821
157
298
111
200 71
5128
72
941
1641
57
.
Enrolled
Colored.
Thite.
227 40168
50
758
19
212
137
188
94
1080
193
1701
45
1425
311 44
47
365
352
41
!54
266
131 39
.59
.11853 33.58
54
.20 45
51
1098
.99
41
0.5049.275
.63029.508
24
16
16
19
18
school
.of population
cent
Per
.Po
enrolled
.1704
Total.
.2210
.atterdance
age
Colored.
White.
18
22
42
51
51
27.927.098 .65756.618 507548.06
Enrolled.
)555726393921
49.14258221013.62485346724220261504|9169
4542401528648821140
69
63640820912
8
52
!
7
98
26
3
.
46
205
5
31
54
.9301826046528282
53
555664188741 56.762055431
63|825245
' 635918397
55.9547.02
Average
attendance.
47
55
50
541
49
10
39
52
465
5
53
52
59107
31150
110|90
140
671
145
154121863
51 2
13
100
01 5
138
88
86
108
93
104
112
18
21$1390
|135
101
tui
of
pum
.othose
Average
f
cent
Per
school
|Pfer
perCost
tion
pupils
of
ber
average
in
e
aver
nrolled
population
per
month
.tattendance
teacher
o
.
pupil
Enrolled.
.
PUPILS
| Average
attendance.
Total.
White.
).TABLE
No2–(Continued
132
SECOND ANNUAL REPORT OF THE
» *99- 90 morgo
1 * 9 maar om
Total.
Colored.
White .
.County
Frederick
county
Winchester
.Stonewall
.Gainesboro
' Creek
.
Opequon
. Back
.
County
county
Giles
Pearisburg
. .Walker
Pembroke
. 'sCreek
Newport
.
.
County
Gloucester
county
Petsworth
.
Long
.
Branch
Brown
.
Hill
.
County
Zion
.
.x
HalifaCounty
count
y
Bannister
.Roanoke
.Staunton
. Meadsville
.
1356
1746
1535
238
)9 826
1215
61 10
15
158
310
224
159
1026
170
104
114
388
152
364
6111281
7113
171
88
103
84
253
157
66
30
474
253
53
456
S419
153
136
1601 110
/
661
79
)63
94
75
111
)
02
328 15
1113 609
32
922 466
685
452
1292
670
536
2701
1415
614
801
547
168
379
386 115
482 97
289
193
134
101
582
189
401
333
397 249
572392455
18537
375
594 1428
552
1562
134
70.7636466
1445
70.276.153
.66
49
.7343
62
.08
2531 54
190 42
2001
76. 4
101
134
190219
.140
62
327
.1249
53
25.415.983
5140
43
.8109
.0|4145
44547
46
28
26
.31
53.5321315.626732075530
13
363.6
1519
17
.66
32
42830
.5410
1670571 .6250
31
17.5351940
63.91i55081
61
.33,362767
to SS SS
69
.88 ,6|6432
61
56.1426
.370
59
.762
527133
.24330581408222583|/5444159
75109462121
6044527|161278561406561870473619
50.45364924019247.326163584|8;5401
192
69.129.664462131447369557.9371
9317
550205761306228
3.1|820542412574746.745090526786348719
28|2.22268
.531
2248
21.34629.177
14.24
.48 1
14.024.481
751
42.;31
6633
123
1612
18
6458
56
65
61 1
654, 079
761776919.392657.351
0
.418379
625559859414
.9|764
56861408201
528.20.396 5
6755.962.16059.602638777191
53
5|2.834534906 27.02 55.56.22
57
3182 21.27 3137.23 5543.560
849
.661
31
51 .6848 50.657.150.1651
398465.117727 116.6 36.75 50
6
.
.5637237.159684569
1.8
53
35.38 52.93 .62
6
13.
.33633.3621606
14
53
.3384254360259
,23161403 247. 6
197
327
4402
821113445
1171169
85
65510
1141
216. 6
.9202212|4,56416146489651
56142
643
|250261
11 97
6 16202 1001
743
1
662539
720
5239281
3344
368
129
42
1101
3208
748
2460
616738 12181 24
68 2720 1403
2652
1081
922
6491
193
266
163
229
235
224
159
)
293
12216
12552
121
847
768
397
101
county
Stanardsville 5781
119
Ruckersville
..
51
526
152
Monroe
.
501
51
153
1605 14 11
.
County
Greensville
county
Belfield
.
747
Hicksford
.
5501
Greene.
1108
1709
1270
4087
928
886
2815
10631
1576
3513
1001
874
com tooaver parents to get to see too perono
Ware
. Abingdon
.
.
County
Goochland
county
Dover
. .Lickinghole
Byrd
.
Grayson
county
Old
Town
. Creek
Elk
.
Wils
. on County
741
618
458
374
2221
1401
5326
oroso
8 8
8
con econverterent
M-., agod
ee
Blackwater
.
3C
260
18
0
41 19
77
1031 98
31 8
13
5
)135847
126
55
86
140
19
66)18
8 197
21 78
169 1 131263
175
5530771
1
90
0 1
21121
1011
5072140
)1 5
068
|123
10
87
)74)1019867
73
48]
41 0
1255
551
1521
14
SUPERINTENDENT OF PUBLIC INSTRUCTION .
133
Schoolpopulation,between
5 and 21 years old.
No.of Schools.
800
871
1232
1122
1337 8
708
1362
519
9069 61
White.
.
Martinsville
.
Leatherwood
815
Ridgeway
.
.
Pasture
Horse
715
(new
).Irisburg
4734 31
.
County
county
Highland
4
420
.
Grass
387 5 5
. Blue
Monterey
.
Henry County
county
. .Ashland
Clay
.
Henry
County
Henrico
-count
y
.
Tuckahoe
.
Brookland
.
Fairfield
Varina
.
. .Allen
Dam
Beaver
'sCreek
county
Hanover
(continued
. )Halifax
Creek
Birch
Carmel
.Mt
.
Walnut
Black
.
Bank
Red
.
County
.
DISTRICTS
No.of Teachers.
00
coco
Colored.
Colored.
808
61
115
98
0
116
67
745
60
113
51
Total.
165
).
1491
149
165
80
111
31756 543 1299 424
381
908
228
825
205
32
24
24. 3
Total.
25.03
26.59
32.82
25.96
159
26.2242
2 .82431.419.8512
36880328
.713i2966
Colored.
228 47
149
39
1553
211
White.
106101 8532 154
188
139 79
85
113 198
991
|11067
171
1788
22 561130 405781 208
296
318 142
138
111 9037
223195418
123
240
339
229
10 138 117
85282
7197
1379
1187
642566
327
1,8 7750
1151
294
128
7666
360
131
2371
:91900
185
86
1370
81020
White.
155
9165
51112
19
231
201
18395
91
Average
.
attendance
Total.
721 514 311
1371
516
3738855
3624
262
85 74
107
71762
55
1136
3716184 127 115
99
214
29
192
9
9
,
173358 112100 67128
1895
1306
223
180
409545260
.
Enrolled
37
White.
27.43
23.06
.7350
28.10
.5259
.63228.427218
61
32.0396242758
476
36.336.932
34637
29
.oschool
cent
Per
f
.
enrolled
population
Colored.
18.81
.2240
15.74
8.13
4
.22117.460
12912231
19
26
12
.9204
15.216.903
.21112.814.3072
59
2
199
.4176
14.0
2
.92116.260
6264
Colored.
60.216359
56.01787
1718 1 61
51
17 605
0
Total.
White.
.51514.188
23.20
.4243
14
14
12
40
.
PUPILS
.459.161
41
6194607171480741
Total.
70.75
60
5263
45.719451 .8|46531866591
61
52.758818430
6560
55
7153
96173.7515823
.21
62
546913
.769
460
059
.17064
682
58.167661
3076
.3539
56.056.397
Enrolled.
.75752
.360
60
.70
54
67
6060
60
58
53
60
Average
46
76
143
131
2110145
19
121
1374
7
128
150
132
15170
15
461
40
42
40
46
attendance.
14$ 0
152
109
127
|133
18
125
18
18
49
per
.tteacher
attendance
age
aottendance pupil
. month
oftui
Cost
.o|Pferinaverage
cent
Per
school
num
Average
those
per
-enrolled tion
aver
population
ofpupils
ber
Enrolled.
No2—(Continued
.)TABLE
| Average
attendance.
134
SECOND ANNUAL REPORT OF THE
501
1308
233
407
1280
1140
720
3* 140
6877
|
422
1302
1239
935
21
11
521
47
741
2
71 292
6
6
55146
191 296
105
103 332
33
54
54
31
41
741
3211
90
61
198
70103
655
131
2981
524
310
101021
655
101
1022
7379
94178906
0279 36
207
469
8312941
|32101
652
60125581
551
68771
283
770 378
935
491
521 25+241
472
3321 1647
811387
402
1 528
240
59
126
228
3701
)764
394
335
166
169
1791
250
1041
98
12
48
)52
39116
307
67
314
55
16151178
!321
243
233
102
310
22
.3
.82
53
254
63.7241
/6384 6.09
.21666
55.47
397 74.1283
72.25
491
4021
5926901
201 111
1.684 12.37.837.99532
.0521 26.232.5598324
2. 9
59
.731151
5 .4413 35.72|3570 32.01
40.71741
206
38.142.509 36.030.754 836.1 25 .7261
537
11
18
20.20
20
24
16
60
6. 05
60
48.725
.051
.02
50
25.135.11477951 45.451
2 66.13
0
.
5
3
.
52
7
35.68
.82430.562
.7|240692
21.99
21.218061 .91923.092
.1205 22.96
1522
18
1
7,1
9
17
16
16
19
213
177
138
528
36
8
3/105
145
4092181
1151
348
160
1881 126 70 196
474
243 141 126 267
1039 328 250 578
504
1011
229
135
417
149
114
154
5722190117307591
|130
189
811
94
44
412
162
39
123
5
16215658
2294
413 8
493
278
215
88
140
112
61
143
5981 7| 69
171
9814
21
41
170
232
28
49
34
6551 395
1381
346 133 271
899 227
35
116
7190
1160
5601
557
250
324
1131
1286
1130
1375
1021
789
8931
757
792
1174
3490
101
1
.White
Shoals
.
Jonesville
. Station
Station
Rocky
Yokum
.County
.
Loudoun
county
. .Mt
Leesburg
Gilead
Mercer
. Lovettsville
.
Jefferson
. Broad
.
Run
County
.
Stevens
ville
.
.Buena
Vista
.King
County
county
. William
Point
West
.Mangohic
Acquinton
.
County
.
county
Lancaster
White
Chapel
.
Mantua
. White
. County
Stone
.
county
Lee
.
Hill
Rose
21
2442
co co or toaver COAAW Sono to
en ver o coww w Sano
Dacacos Power
409
Williamsburg
312
. County
.county
1361
King
George
. Chotank
Shiloh
. Passpatanzy
. County
. county
King
&Queen 810
Newto
wn
.
1506
. Jamestown
.
county
City
James
.Stone
House
Powhatan
.Stonewall
.Wight
County
Isle
of
county
.
Newport
Hardy
. W• indsor
.
.
County
.16
50
.44551
2
.48.73.6572
52
.0512
15
11
|132
55 12183
46 97
1008
49
1052
|1860
101 43
132
3+1 131141
59
85
21920
56.853351503
83
145
|
16909
1478651371
|131441
363362
19
131
79
31153
21 0
89122
9716931494
.06|57879614
62
59.7560.7627.1|6324054
55
21/
SUPERINTENDENT OF PUBLIC INSTRUCTION.
135
狂约红灯红
ខ្ញុំ
Louisa
connty
Jackson
.
House
Court
5 and 21 years old.
695
1141
1794
1223
5505
1347
the CAA ACo coo co No.of Schools.
Bo te eten SACRAOGO por el cuore No.of Teachers.
White.
.Creek
.
Hill
South
Buckhorn
Flat
Bluestone
.
99
610
White.
182
509
240
269
1225
2217
679
410
266
576
310
1247
547
229
121
279
513
218
455
128 413
56247
1115
402
Cotal.
414
173
178
148
499
39
.83
43
.4275
7425.47
42
197
774
275
283
128
85
155
101
262
34
921
3151
42
800
95
.33
801 31
638 .1352
136
124
1194 56
325
304
223045
White .
386
142
84
49
2561
45
113 107
151 194
152 173
152 152
568 626
Colored.
173
135
147
124 178
7/ 4 121
426
936 382
65
188 2
269
Colored .
Total.
1352
66
sville6231 875
7861
567
Boydton
.
.Christian
Mecklenburg
county
691
643
598
Lochleve
549
n
.
.Columbia
Grove
n 471
3647
.
County
Lynchburg
3272
.city
Madison
county
Robertson
1020
.
.
Dale
1107
870
. Locust
Ann
Rapid
2997
.
County
Mathews
Nore
county
port
SBrown
tore
.'s Pleasant
Grove
.
.Rehoboth
county
Lunenburg
Lewiston
.
. County
Spring
Green
.
.
.Cuckoo
School population,between
.
DISTRICTS
Colored.
o
Average
.
attendance
.0235
19.40
25.66
26.18
.92025.024.5638
32.425.723
17.17
.71622.014.1092
24.25
enrolled
population
.of P. op
cent
Per
school
Total.
.
Enrolled
Total.
Colored.
22
1115
35.05 9.10
25.62 10.46
.6366 11.10
16.17 12.80
.28 1403
23.021
4 14
26.30 .2110
.of
cent
Per
school
.8797
65.90
13.35
4.776
.49
63
50
51
56
605
4
53.27
Enrolled.
52
18
62
64
60
70
55
555570
0.6060.794 .16865.791
58.41
.05372.822 68.268.115
66.253.672 58.110.100
51
Colored.
Total.
16.9017.49 3.575.044
.8176
17.06
21.24
15.9614.29
White.
,
num
Average
ofthose
cent
Per
oftui
Cost
per
tion
16
21322
148942
41 9
99
90
95
149
9011064
150
70 106
142
136
92
93
01 0
01$ 4
-enrolled
aver
population
ofpupils
ber
inaverage
per
month
rance
nce pupil
ottenda
t.aattend
teache
age
.
Enrolled.
.
PUPILS
Average
attendance.
2–(Continued
No
.)TABLE
White.
136
SECOND ANNUAL REPORT OF THE
Average
attendance.
'sSprings
.Palmer
1931
763
487
681
5
4403
401
514
318
372
New
county
Kent
.Cumberland
Creek
Ware
.
's.StPeter
.
Creek
Black
1225 45
1567
1611
742811 139
3309
331
8659
Greenfield
.
County
NelsonCounty
county
. MMassie
Lovingston
.'s ills
.Cypress
.
Neck
Holy
.
Chuckatuck
.
Suffolk
Montgomery1383
county
Christiansburg
.
1182
Blacksburg
.Alleghany
924
. . County 1000
Auburn
4489
.
Nansemond 560
. county
Hole
Sleepy
.Saluda
.
Pinetop
.
County
524
1430
6767 42
1283 7
.Washington
CTanner
.'s reek
County
. N* orthampt
county 751
on
.Eastville
Capeville
892)
.
51
109
13604 226
199
405
15559
670 274
11436
243
658
16
357
719
371
51
552058
335726
31.046.272
151
29
43
190
53
115
222
107
222
1121
11101
234
1047
3236838
5501
51110)
208
901
507
33
380
4394
!
5151 337
1559
380
175 115 70
051
82285
46
698
60 7092
203
991061
898
2341143
3401
268
S
5122
646
6352
144
57
193
454
112
66
273
116
389
32144
133
)47
35
887
852 29.98 19.1
185 33
152
4562
213
405607143
138
7036
76 275
3550
907
47.0384
37.7391
.41.47354
39
255
4
.*The
isused
cepsus
old
35576.53
25.816732.64009389
18
4
10
06
12
19
16
19
14
19
17
12.39
17
20
11
324615.8809 263. 2
.02341
16.735382
29.422.416 18.521.033 21.924.580
249.23.082 19.318.102 .52220.865
!25.22 14.88
26.30 37.71
.30.572638.5008 36.79.3338.0695
439
. 1 25
115
47.06 9.845.164
122
.80 25.08
51
202
405 253
186
591
15 222
373
240
613
13
271
145
416
157
451049
571 1620 632
124
224
243 59
86
400
1324
46
335
346
1306 670
33373
153 75
9259
36295
2920 166178
295
2429 1100
174 61
891
3697
50
1861
62
222
53
505
3891
|27
217
391152
6 .42 .45234.136.3072
42.9213
5949.01. 89 41
255
26.41 39.46
3815
21571
86 05
.
County
107
100
270
63
34
122235
439
181
258
81
178
114
64
130
274
144
301 99611
613
118
539
154
1101
441
9177
329
48152
2115
1181
934
6662 43
6182 6
.Norfolk
city
county
Norfolk
.
Branch
Western
.
Creek
Deep
.
Grove
641
Road
. Pleasant
Butts
24
3
13
17
5
12
261
COCO COCO
1635
එය
.County
Middlesex
county
.
Jamaica
.4626
.59
59
60.257.974
64.64982
65
.5465
66
480
63.267.861
383
61
86
.47064957
974
.754
65
38
07
33
44
54
.7.66268
79
45
45401
49
5545
556
55
7
54
5| 4
59
64
.57569.534268.623357391 .75566.163.0921 72.368.365.4671
27.471811 63.54 69.45
65.736.2810785 72.466.903
60
71
es
.
Clarksville
96
148
210131
5
6610821562
4
15
102
120
143
6094
81445081
14
69
68105
127765163
12685
|141
92
|1 6
10149
17
130
4158
1053
10||1003
106
52
58102
211481
SUPERINTENDENT OF PUBLIC INSTRUCTION .
137
School population
years old .
5 and 21,between
.County
Nottoway
county
Mayo
.
.County
Patric
countky
.Gordon
. y
countyCount
Page
IShen
Works
. ron
Marksville
.
. Springfield
Luray
.
. isoourn
.Barb
Mad
Tayl
. or
county
Orange
. County
Haytokah
Blendon
. Bellefonte
.
.Dan
No.of Schools.
No.of Teachers.
CO 200 ENROC Erter |No.of
White.
1278
1025
590
603
2679
718
768
625
1013
1226
536
3430
2813
1075
715
1023
1857
.Franktown
807 515
County
2450
. Northumberland
county
Lottsb
urg
505 3 3
. Heaths
. ville 544
Fairfie
.Wicom lds
444
. ico
364
DISTRICT
White.
Colored .
24
503
1668
119
285
500
364
1351
OD
578
950
372
254
141
113 56
458
256 152
463
244
2191 128
191
123 49
1366
655
385
385 195
500 286
420 228
561
419 230
939
26
2355
93
2)158
301
1881
232
124
3561131
762
65
50
109
90
135
250
491
201
312
1164
178 60
39 46
418
49
66135 31
18
359
230
981
195
286
270
70
2531
50
62
317
68
75
69
40
.4409293
.706382
2.|32,|353
256
77335.35.2363.0)4744
84635
1701
52
0 31
.243
209
33.7.4|3128.34775519
40.643.9.323144012
27.337714.06356183
39.824432
66
.4173
16.07
17.69
16.9251515.131
19.39
.52723829.14206549 12.320.808
Total.
White.
Colored.
Total.
62.745.290 318.7
189
40.43
White .
Colored .
128
49.46
568
331
621 118
141
128
28
130
1061
97
16
44
181
216
Colored.
595
Total
151
Total.
White.
5411
65
11
.Enrolled
10
.62114.474
.028818.20.9650
5363
55
56
53
54
54
59
45
school
.off
cent
Per
53
51
si
143
.53994156
5425.74
.45956952.558443.7649792393
52
4
565
5
536
.96346.471
5447
.35540.552
.365155204663.201201378657 58.72
.461175669664.423516715487 64.456.406
|159
|109
13)815
9
12601
10To9
164187567
12697
94
901640
)9
10561
8
1055
1573
6
5812
55
60
53
56
59
55
59
Total.
Enrolled.
49
13$052
10717
12
11
74
214
109
oftui
Cost
.1num
Average
those
oPerf
cent
per
ion
tpopulatio
-enrolled
pupils
of
ber
average
in
nrolled
e
aver
per
month n
opulation
P
.
.toteacher
ttendancee .pupil
aattendanc
age
Average
attendance.
Enrolled.
Average
.attendance
dance
.PUPILS
Aver
attenage
).No2–(CTABLE
ontinued
White.
33% 83 Colored.
88 O
138
SECOND ANNUAL REPORT OF THE
1310
3613 3511
779
66
931
2786
71
354
260
335
BOI
233
4775
587
/899
3685 1300
.... ..
261
173
48
10
401
45
110
107
106
25
47
395
2471
469
31
1511
1
47
167
46431
.7376
61
36.36
83
45.19
59
134 54
106
179148
69
88
119
329
2101
85
26.4293.39 30.125.934.8321 35.96
46.649.274 38.96 3542.80.04
30.61 .71134.623 21.233.183 172.6
72147
91.2.05038 30.43 37.3.45068 6.300
42.240.913 29.69 34.730.341
4321 45.68
52
36
453
40
131
1769
186
6051
135
/40
246
21
261
. . .. ....
15.0)5272
430.5|58
2579!24657348
54.6563190557.0687
.45956696260.454968.074256422525723.1221153268329658909135620517307
46.442360.502261823261104535.176881521839.810753248173183421
21.3189300615527141.0432|54111223958113942
55.65245'1931526952.64|114876953671
180
7574 211 12
+6
1113828
921 1
108
1695791
147513543
201662
141362
81
172
13| 6
88i49 1568
10|571092
14901414
01| 0
15
651
83
61913
51 122
200
751
75!15681287
150
72
51 7
13711
601
0
103
50
90168
58
74
23
|20
253
243 54
73
209
11161
3| 2
233
106
26749
375
39
0
os os i es w co Corcol
8371
359
531
243
)
358 156
447
141
35+47509 135
220
500 47
390
2216
1020
261196
636141 2281 39,109
125511
/206725
1351519
201
1170
410
736
315
75 180 142
217
655
53
390
9330105
.
. Lockett
Leigh
516
)261
County
. Prince 3167
1296
658
county
George 492 5 51
Templeton
171
508
4 71 4
Rives.
154
626
..
Bland
286
243
63
. .Blackwater 2370
Brandon
501
151
. Princess
County
2:8 5
county
Anne
706
. Seaboard
Pungo
1034
. Kempsville
17570
1145
.
321 258
2885
672 245
. Prince
County
William
county 278
.Occoquan
Dumfries
325
.
132
Coles
424
. Brentsville
236
32
.
353
49 140
Manassas
. Gainesville
8
296
111
185
589
701
2181
65
283
2670 28 31
.
County
.Buffalo
.Farmville
Hampden
.
3348
.Portsmouth
city
Powhatan
county
840 01
Spencer
.
71
.
Huguenot
.Macon County
2481
. Prince
Edward
county
.
County
1186
9882
.
8981
.
River
Staunton
1766
10
Dan
. Banister
835
.
1070
Pigg
. Callands
6
1020
.
2328
.Tunstall
Danville
Chatham
Petersburg
6272 8
city
. Pittsylvania
county
.
County
ononcome to Bava o
OFEOs
Fee
co wo esacol Annae powerto the Bawa Saboo
.
Smith
SUPERINTENDENT OF PUBLIC INSTRUCTION .
139
Schoolpopulation,between
5 and 21 years old .
753
1000
No. of Schools.
8
.. .. .
2119 16
.
.
Enrolled
White.
327
428
217
253
169
Colored.
Total.
813
115
17
185
116
27
345
White.
30
26
58.764.9.056398
58.18
50.44
.0527
.20
43
1828.1237334.3107826535.356688
33.7155534861
01
.620488580491
43
44849
33.0197346
34.3.43349.0888
47.38
51
58
381
n
.Po
enrolled
populatio
|27
19
17
30.80
.59 0
15.64
10.99
9.72
11.84
34.80
16 |
2622
278. 7
0
6
.
31
.939.142 7.3$18.397
33
32.333.841
20.33
25.73
20.90
.4260
14.15
21.76
Total.
.7284 8.71
.18 15.48
22
25.09 19.90
2628.8.100 .52015.941
15.15
18
White.
44.03
.9325854.93486236
33.365878
639432.73360.245
72
49
62
|67
.05553
443.16709313
5042.5.851
44235
40.245.9548352553639
.95750.703 47.38
58
Colored.
Total.
.86460.823
65
321
265360
21.81
.0183
19.12
2325.8.422.8984
232632.25
29.930.538
.oschool
cent
Per
f
.
attendance
age
oftul
Cost
per
tion
pupils
of
ber
e
aver
in
average
nrolled
population
per
to
.attendance
teacher
. month
pupil
1774
139
120
138
581
149
96
17
18
56.05
128
681
20781392
211305
179
5
21371
58
03
05
121$ 24 51192 33
221
num
Average
those
ocent
.f
Per
54.957353.645465
attendance.
01671231860
46
Average
70.864958.85713103
1028793
47.034742
.41834381
70.4390|658015641.047
52410
6193489
543
.459
83|1646350
49
50.50
.01 8
50
.85
53
..5555.6651
46
49
.40
60
.01
58
.73
50
56.23
70
5361
70
.of
cent
Per
those
Enrolled.
.of
cent
Per
school
Enrolled .
.
PUPILS
Average
attendance.
TABLE
CNo
.)2–( ontinued
Colored .
6.5543.560.258 35.36.638.95232 .91812.374
53.23 36.29 14.01
28
59.36 56.07
1048
39,34
.3594
60.11
.82
40
.88
52
111
.6423
53
7
.56
57
264
71.23
250
26
Total.
53 3342
2621
2661
30.61
35.02
35.915.820
.1452.2147
29.60
50.18 33.16
599
3.5361.223
217
.670
70
62.6737
11753.79
8633.06
56.722
124
134
.52.68138
50
3
White.
Colored.
118
1273 325426
1831
30
19
attendance
Average
.
Total.
1017485
379
170
209
136 130
629
43!4144
11452
95 2922411 ]2189
703
1187
374
155
163
58761
7
44 41184
414062 228
37199
701
197
16504
1912 1981
1912 4663
892751
171
47 23894
124514395
719
324
471
220
148
9251 223
10406
60466
628 1827
55218
1311 639
1103
163
81 74 155
76
173 93 266
552711
216
972771 99111
SO
18
White.
se no Colored.
,01886 87
Roanoke
county
339
Catawba
.
1282 511
Salem
.
. Spring
Lick
Big
802
717
..CaveCount 3140
34 38 1199
y
.
Rock
brid
coun
ge
ty
1268
6
Lexing
ton
. Natura
1177 1117
l 975
.
Buffalo Bridge
County
Richmond
.city
I L ... .... ..
710
.County
2463 33
county
Rappahannock
.Wakefield
Hampton
651
451
. .Piedm
Jackson
542
*** *ont
572
.Stonewall
532
2748
.
County
Richmond
county
.
Stonewall
537 5!
.
Marshall
580
Washington 546 4
.
.
Farnham
456
Pulaski
county
Newbern
.
Dublin
. Hiwassee
.
.
DISTRICTS
No. of Teachers.
GAAorco sio erosCOCT 5 Coco
140
SECOND ANNUAL REPORT OF THE
614
934
4119
Franklin
.
625/
Johnson
..
455756
.Floyd
767716
.Taylor
Kalb
De
.Powell
.
976
5County
218
.Shenandoah
county
Lee
. Ashby
9711
. Madison
667
8
.
1005
. Stonewall
Johnson
591
.
1048
.
Davis
729 629
County
.
5011
h
ty
Smyt
coun
Mari
. on
1226
Rich
1346
.
.StClairValley
614
County
3186
.1Southampton
county
Fulkerson
County
.
county
Scott
.
Estillville
4
10
241
51861252111
21.24
46.372
58
56.62
55.41
61
.20
55.34
.74232446.38|6112084221 36 423.8
8.568
8.6169.25417.445825
.87
50
172
26.343
5.243 56.88
.42321.83833452670 .135631177201 .21918.621.5722 44.7,51.561.8508
28.9514
.87
259. 4 50
28 39 3|3
85143
.*Ceusus
incorrect
evidently
163 57
1081
64
497
421
71
292
702118
74
328 412197 130*
245
410
431
180
48
|45
217
53
1383
217
1383
180
67
254
267 159259
212 16172
44.78
967
568.1701
8 4494
56.83
34.3.93771
22128 463.6.9447
161
254
92
267
212
148
917
290
718 394
14669
49 52
662
610 377
10524
93402
64 328
218
714
714
141
410
11516
292
3536 2019 go
139
3397
69
835 428
7191
18664191
29 693 403
319 41
71
145 319 994163
441702
2662
54
441
91
497
189
374
439
91
1657
221
128
171
119
130
270
256271
3891
416
498
122
119
59
58
56
3
.
Creek
. Copper
Moccasin
3191
15/2170
1722
0
28429212537
238
416 498
50
122 63
219
193
61
59119
3032
4988 2829 203
868
660
2
38594
7772354
519
) 8 255
14441
543
2897
1375
174409
405
15
55
|
79368816 6 276231
761
502
256
473
81389
14 93
4659
116
12286
352
15660
17868
5219
641
91 1
257
678
12V 505
14
17
441
2009 222229
|412389
3
.
Lebanon
. Castle
.
Woods
87791
9021
802
853
1197
1428
418
1120
1183
773
En Suelos
booon RODADO PAGES
13)378
888
Gard
Elk
Garden
..New
. Linville
. Brock
'sGap
Massanuttin
.3. 22County
ll.
Russety
coun
en
.Central
.Franklin
Ashby
. Stonewall
..
Run
Elk
Plains
.
837
'sCreek
.Kerr
'sC1reek
.Walker
011
South
River
843
. County
.6111
Rockingham
county
Harrisonburg
683
.
1
19
41|061 791
88511550
|109
1
21128
1301410
1311
1
90
991
96 0
01625
101
1094088
961
1061
5510711037
131
791
20741
33
1608
1381
20
11
|15|17|1661
41197
75/131324
SUPERINTENDENT OF PUBLIC INSTRUCTION .
141
E | | 22 lg logologo
HAN
Schoolpopulation ,between
5 and 21 years old .
To. of Schools .
.
New
ville
r
.Black
wateCoun
. ty
SussHouse
cou
nty
ex
Court
.
Stony
Creek
.
Henry
.
146
706
21
9247
144155
158
41
655
Total.
524
/ 55
7 131
6301
47
1625 19
6601
891
555
427
6
)
436
4
2372
10
136
1701
White.
Colored .
217
.
Enrolled
White.
100
6
1942
143
18
566
222
344 228
201
239
150
226 6143 45801
156
661
165 62
64
101
541 291
151
641
871
411
|1138
86
497 5
242
9116
1261
740
146
3
7571
65
364 40
165
131
801
871322
80
158
247
189
18
Total.
717
95
77
110
824
)
1731
161
119
187
90225
102
154
White.
58
214
801
123
1341 459
3771005
628
971789923213381)
106
425
164
265
116
54
31134
158
249
252
Colored.
374
116
138
Average
. ndance
atte
Total.
8
42.4109
402 4233.17141
62
322.6564549
24.1107
31
36.21
.63834.640.7342
14.8503.844348452952./3359686032092
.8|3259446647
34.420.6.434772
29.63
19
14
15
16
21
13
13
1517
17
1914
.... . .. ..
14
16
18
.431
2880
120
16
17
17
14
18
12
17
53
53
68
79
66
66
70
79
70
66
58
Total.
66
66
7469
49
45
Enrolled.
421.32959053
2688648.242
0196169258075878602860391417
12565
7217385461
.37161
954.745661
5|110334357281
9.497542 68 .5701
1666.322816757.5974.20811268312421 64
.347.778 65.554.673
49
White .
17
15
school
.of
cent
Per
Colored.
Total.
White.
school
.of
cent
Per
.
PUPILS
Enrolled.
19
7592
01991
1781270
4801
5108815879
1615628
411487
132
141682
74
17579
5
172
17100540
19
134
$130
21110775
[Cost
-1those
num
Average
.of0
cent
Per
perofthi
tion
nrolled.aage
-ebere
aver
Pinaverage
. opulation
enrolled
per
month
population
attendance
tttendance
teacher
o
.
pupil
Average
attendance.
Average
attendance.
Colored.
TABLE
CNo
.)2–(ontinued
5
. ord
Guilf
.Cobham
Hartwood
.
countyCounty
Sorry
.Spotsylva
county nia931
Livingston
. Chancellor
551
.
s
'
.
852
Courtland
Berkeley
670
. Fredericksburg
1179
.County
4
*
183
.
Stafford
county
Falmouth
626
.
818
.Aquia Rock
422
.
Hill
506
1067
.
Drewrysvi
513
lle 656
's. Newsom
Boykin
's. County 637
4155 34
Jerusalem
.
.
Berlin
cSonthampton
)( ontd 657
.
DISTRICTS
No.of Teachers.
AHASA
Doo SACOU A A
Colored.
O
T
142
SECOND ANNUAL REPORT OF THE
1270
1327
605
276
2092
1135
3732
)475
736
Bruton
.
.Lipps County
county.
Wythe
Chiswell
.Fort
.Wytheville
.Evansham
Lick
.Black
Speedwell
. ...
countyCounty
York
Gladeville
Robertson
.Walker
.
County
county
Wise
.Richmond
.
347 41
588
2664
803
739
1154
241012
)116 466
896
128 271
1721
44|41
707
436
05
982
| 287
12/)355
64
2501
114
.145
.
173
150
9275
1883
383
287
378
277
85
18750
173
150
114
145
30.61685
62.84 189.85
401
55.6300
43331
.862.3227390
56.82060
5
.94735565.471467 51.641.905
114
54
54
506442
646
50
51
771
520
2031
456 4
297
159
11171
241
22
356
623
58
77
62
78
128364
4665.44
55
379
448
55
456
177
78
136
1331
3848
297
.13 59
1171
.25
24
177
193
141
142
704
13
547
310]56
12
623
168
252
258
82217 406
1114
358
350
509
862
5
17
584
2
17
668
80
747
639
54125
711
265 130114
8 51 189
2111
362 168
11
59 276
3+4111
425
2357
451
580
391
Sanon How around
613
18V 667
1
5
281319 33 3 31
2678
28 28
ONNN 8 w core 55 m
ick
.Newport ty
221
Denbigh
..Stanley
146
177
544
.
County
Washington
county
Goodso
1545 16
. .Abingdn on
1142
..
..
...
.
.
..
Glade
Spring
1316
.
.Saltville
1170
Fork
.North
.Kinderbook 858
1000
7331
. county
County
Westmoreland
.CopleMontross
1196
. Washington 665
. y
WarwCount
coun
.Bork .Cedarville
.
Counnty
Warren
county
River
.South
Royal**.. ....
.Front
Waverl
. Wakefiy
. County
eld
.
county
Tazewell
(learJeffersonville
.Fork
. Maiden
Spring
.
.4433328i
53
51
521560
3728.6549
.92733.1438623920
8|2.4,6333.6278538909459
19
111
|.5922747613
.4564
2548
.92733.1629365928
29.21743195
51.11 1.50.45122
.15| 95
55
.16026068
92|5621354654073814
|551
9
.6208
591355
.2655827783536964206342011
420538769
.837426589226197160
45606719803646
7336.31|52045.54707112766806526159467.160231
70.458735281666
630645214203193
7827406552964544
03303
|5.761
55
2) 50
64
.55854950.356757251.14683441
0.559 .2585
.327221317199|5127
)4149 .0.65852
.8701
..6|2207314437
475|2229341711236460053194928 47
5142
16312398 52.39
.9527
7.63.85269
53.3554
.45263.776 64.5
92330014628.83101.06246593 4.47.86238 .1601.0527 .661.74963
56.1304934567 54.44 50.77 .2547
5|.23420892
35920.51451.414316042| .... ...50.91
14
102
95
13+ 129
79
|101492
|1128
6
96
89101000
78
102
15
14793
160) 78
9675
12
69
31 5
0905
86
166
1684831
4
126
SUPERINTENDENT OF PUBLIC INSTRUCTION.
143
School population ,between
.
County
York
ccounty
)( ontd
.
Poquoson
.Nelson
.
Grafton
No.of Schools.
No. of Teachers.
3
684
6
562
23781
White.
Colored .
4 5
676
17
Average
.
attendance
Total.
Colored.
White .
31685 24 88
203
6187 104
83270
111 245
226
48
178
)8711 266
427
18444
White .
|49
511
157
55
44
150
43
112
Colored.
.*Census
of1870
24
|14
|17
15
.oschool
cent
Per
f population
.Pº
enrolled
.of
cent
Per
school
Average
attendance .
White.
Colored .
White.
Total.
-lofº
num
those
.Average
cent
Per
oftui
Cost
per
tion
SECOND ANNUAL REPORT OF THE
0281
103070156
61
8$435 11
37
06266
ppupils
average
of
-eI opulation
|binaver
nrolled
er
per
month
tage
ottendance
.ateacher
attendance
.
pupil
Enrolled .
5 and 21 years old .
.
DISTRICTS
.
Enrolled
attendance .
Total.
.
PUPILS
Average
Total.
).TABLE
No2–(Continued
144
Enrolled .
Total.
Colored.
Promised teachers in
.
Atlantic
.Islands
County
.
Albemarl
county
e
Rivanna
Accomac
county
.
Pungoteague
.
Metompkin
!$2366
51
33
651
849028
002135
00
1815
00
2061
State fund.
the contracts .
.
Giles
county
Amelia
.Leigh
251720
1513
ool
83
3155
. Hall
503388
2590
.White
353484
.Scottsvill
e
00
.
Miller
Samuel
32
.Charlottesville 15,7003090
09
.
County
Alexandria
county
10
815
.
Jefferson
00
1200
.
Arlington
00
725
Washington
.
10
2740
County
.
Alexandria
00
6950
.city
county
Alleghany
00
420
Clifton
.
00
475
.
Covington
50
587
.
Spring
Boiling
50
1482
County
.
Lee
.
.
DISTRICTS
County fund.
18
2159
70
1139
421101
27
1236
52
518
98
307
77
409
44
3667
421
1101
518
52
27
1236
70
1139
77
409
98
307
44
9667
86
2029
50
387
38829
812
98
9903321
327
12
153
14
802
99
501
38234
72
1227
00
6000
during1871-72.
652009
15
664
98
9782
04
4564
501
3048
253874
2588
98
923615
5412
50
963251
4867
501
52
005229
3493
22
2988
781961
42,975*21596349
35
491
00
4255
$922
04
071276
74
837
56
892
59
326
Total.
67
7952
52
1736
46
1616
421
1797
985527
54
1515
73
1286
041124
08
561117
337
11$1237
161712
For services
teachers
paying
for
Received
.
treasurers
and
For services
061239
95
001186
1010
67302
62
77403
532
00
6915
50
2590
83
3155
353184
3388
00
3209
0015,73030
94
810
50350
767
00
41
1928
501766
50
1918
908595
617
10
$2202135
00127
00
100
.
teachers
Paid
Balance unexpended.
.*Including
fund
onDawson
interest
94 6
781605
1891
23742080
8134
30
140
2014
6514110
17118
94
36126
581
40
131
79
0691110
$49766616
68
408342
911282
209
Balance due teach
ers and treasurers.
14
2512
067659
1276
37
310049
9413
17
1893
791265
26
2012
331006
421190
1297
42
11
153
22
853
Amount
paidpublic
teachers
other than
funds.from
81
66
40003750
416
143
00
350
35
35$207
No. cts. levied by
board .
Treasurer's
commissions
during1870–71.
14
9
14
14
–73
1872
for
tax
.District
Estimated yield of
supervisors.
312
50269
941
95
1186
001
1010
677500119
377
10
625
001478
4475
72
271581
725
50
192
10
78
56
00
7015
13.6
2
50 32
00942
175
00725
45 30 A
44 30
. 3
002478
175
911
810
229
003713
32
003165
375
16669
49
960
90
+76
108595
3250
3134
49
278
33002623
35
45003133
501766
50 1414
1918
for by county
20$22135
127
00
No .cts, on $ 100 asked
Jo crer er et
.STATE
FUNDS
COUNTY
AND
district tax levied
by supervisors.
.3
No
Table
72
519
44
364
00
140
00570
00
280
00
150
00175
00
00300
00900
1375
00
6600
00
610
00
610
)00
12
002460
$50000
00
490
00
500
00
850
SUPERINTENDENT OF PUBLIC INSTRUCTION.
145
$
Aggregate amt. paid teach
ers from all sources.
Promised Teachers
in the contracts.
. Williamsville
.
Millboro
'.
.
County
.Staunton
.
County
countyWarm
Bath
.
Springs
Cedar
Creek
.
Pastures
Riverheads
. .
South
The
River
.
.
River
North
.
River
Middle
State Fund.
465
00
00
380
00845
001
2953
5019,8504889
61
752780
00
2545
871
2055
002677
c)(Amelia
ontinued
13$14595
.Jackson
38362
.
County
Amherst
county
00
1085
.Elon Courthou
00
1285
..Temperanse
00
1085
ce
00
1220
Pedlar
.
00
4675
County
.county
Appomattox
00
750
.South
Stonewall
.
Side
001
S80
.
Hill
Clover
00
001100
2730
.
County
county
Augusta
38
1960
.
Manor
Beverly
.
DISTRICTS
County Fund.
43
1121
53277
77
583
24
306
20
7775
401
1270
001340
5327730624583
771
46
2573
43
1121
462573
00
80808
932
401110
001
601152
1161
during1871-72.
*439252
09
963
20
1009
761
650
23!
281243
3866
33
834
40
713
63738
194* 176
For services
40738
713
63
28
3866
76201009
650
23
1243
09
963
33$3075
834
45
Total.
.
teachers
Paid
66
268
66573
00
305
20
001160
32
4578
40
713
63
00738
1100
03
2552
501666
858
38
1960
50901991
1 923
002021
2677
2:1179
201
8 90
0002780
1224
7528021234
376
395
001319
2495
802913
00202620
75
3133
1804
00
3144
40|161681
386017,948641
16 0
35 7
47
11
1340
87282
+64820
53
9540
3383
25
2013165011
66
91
70252096
32
1018
001285
00
1085
during1870-71.
$101221*719
For services
00$899*355819
Treasurer's
teachers
forpaying
Received
.
treasurers
and
commissions.
.
FUNDS
COUNTY
AND
STATE
Balance unexpended .
No3—(Continued
.)TABLE
Balance due teach
68
374
68374
93
80
36
Amount paid teachers from
other than public funds.
00160
34
34111
271
3680!86353
4785154
57
42
202
18*73397513
19
106
50
91291
455
ggregate
teachersamount
from allpaidsources.
00505000
17
792354
3383393
25
69|3734391752113
351
50078
47*24648
00
3255
245
50
503324
829
9861
4741
90
1828
20
93
75548
1220
+5190
0
406323256
2+5435
91942
63738
00
031100
2552
40
713
00
001509
224
62491
501117
1651
00
505355
777
82
32
1048
$855
001
3*99819
| No.
$100 asked
for cts.on
by county
board.
No. cts. levied by
dasno merco op
66
66623318
00
305
-73
for1872
tax
.District
Estimated yield of
district
tax levied
by
supervisors.
IND
wird
supervisors.
Oro gereren WANNA
00
222
00237
60
675
60
216
10566
101947
43
1166
85
984
81
1253
00
4000
25
9908
00295
38
293
001038
450
38
59
887
00
1735
00
420
00
430
00
450
00435
54$31203
7019
146
SECOND ANNUAL REPORT OF THE
n
ers and treasurers.
18447
43
512
14881
628
31
68
20664
661
94
3791
00649
1218
5902
832
00700
42
685
14
35628
1149
25
50879
66987
5029
001140
2527
001363
98
925052602
801
07709
84
377
71
26484
525
39
302
54†1440
00175
50
00262
300
36140
238
00
864
68
59
879
97
4697
801015
1905
53
76
691302
1411
88
6995
661359
93
566
82
614
14628
81
1143
383
00
00
1212
8800935
3706
00365
464
00
881150
1621
00
61
37118
61
008500
100
22
341
2127
1415761133
54
071517
78
2129
18
00
175
00
175
35
201
50277
73
1339
87
77
331
69
56
137 615
4
571455107
91
75422
18
1581
!6070
07
133
000065
423
96515
642
17
6250
72
0047
141
00250
00108
66
42
504412
142
Vaal
'sc†Including
.Treasurer
ommissions
195039
80
1905
28
1028
761411
1302
69
88
1359
41
7008
12751
59
964
81964
1143
68
54685
43
652
11
628
00464
00383
365
001212
00
28
585
55787
95
2886
002493
2247
42957602
2861
37
88
1621
00
1150
00
88935
3706
19620
893
93
002291
7510
002221
226
255
50
652215
0017682
652
80
1841
281899
002801
50
AR
.*Including
bydistricts
reported
not
funds
county
071927
861317
1026
30
451375
1427
05731
7073
811143
68
964
59
964
48+5235
383
001212
!
54
43685
652
14
803
00
464
00365001
1561
47
88
806
05
3850
2711
3742
7152
002193
2247
95
51
166
8225
97
37
45
112
75
312
20659
39
0772115
2219
Vaala
-
19
902
138694470
931
00
1212
00
800
002775
39
2075
88
2133
742091
01
6301
70
1481
06
139
38491
16605
120
57
65701
\
001595
008245
1620
981
71
1481
471561
88
06806
3850
00365
464
0000
383
811729
001000
1400
8100
4129
00875
1100
00
86592
11
98629
95607
1829
19
893
93620
28
585
552886
95787
77
914
635
67
53806
598
942955
91
22
106
0847
65
69
4539
477858483964
24
414
21221474
1380
68961920
62
6650
42
004772
141
NO10 NO
Fina nimT
\
.Totaro
.
Meherrin
.
Oak
Red
.
County
county
Buchanan
.Garden
Grundy
. Sand
.
Lick
.
County
Buckingham
courty
.
Maysville
.
Francisco
. Curdsville
Marshall
. James
River
Slate
. County
River
.
county
Campbell
Rustburg
. .Brookvill
e
.
River
Otter
.
Seneca
.
River
Falling
.
County
531504
1482
77
761484
06
4472
60
17,0651959
30
004270
80
001841
502773
1899
00
2291
75
1995
082234
17
301972
0817,72138
27
574496
57
1954
45
942820
2110
VAN
42
372711
7152
521186
92
9834
12350
504
3307
64330
444
16
1629
44
2493
571084
0434
1565
671171
1239
34
1094
Salona
.Buchanan
.
County
county
Brunswick
75
1326
167892
53
410
34
285
48362
268
30
877
831
781
951
1255
41
60994
939
41
13870
2003
00
arian Ich
616
25623
003229
900
70
002193
2247
95
002291
75
601995
1959
6517,030
7075
1059
00
4270
80
1841
002773
50
1899
- - -
V
. Amsterdam
Fincastle
.
Bedford
county
Libert
. y
Lisbon
.
. issburg
.StauntChambl
on
.
Otter
.Charlemont
.
Forest
.
County
conntyMechanic
Bland
sburg
.
.
.Seddon
Sharon
Rocky
Gap
. County
.
county
Botetourt
33
148
33853
00
120
00130
00140
125
00190
00
003025008500
3000
00500
00
500
00
00500
1500
00
925
002550
00401000
00800
825
00
00
400
00525
58400
404
003404
58
9012000
900
00
900
00400
00
375
SUPERINTENDENT OF PUBLIC INSTRUCTION.
147
nnn
Promised
teachers in
the contracts.
Harrison
.
.Tyler Chickaho
miny
. County
.
Charlotte
county
Walton
Baco
n
. . .Roa
nok
Madi
. sone
.
County
Chesterfield
county
Manchester
.Midlothian
. .
Matoaca
Dale
.
.
Hill
Clover
.
cou
Car
ntyl
. rol
Creek
Pine
.
Fork
Laurel
Fancy
Gap
.
Piper
Gap
.
.
Springs
Sulphur
.
County
Charles
City
county
. County
Green
Bowling
.
Church
Reedy
Madison
.
.
Royal
Port
county
Caroline
.
DISTRICTS
State fund.
75
1728
00
1044
29461
1015
10
00
881014
716
22
962
53
4105
01
1412
53
317
0218308
741
2
5:140
317
31
53601
1361
22
962
534105
53
1361
921324
931
03
01
1412
50904
826
801
50
80826
904
921
535
86415
41
385
$91476
19
951163
943
15
1257
43
4340
91
689
82517
770
65555
06649
4602
3182
19
1337
County fund.
19
1337
92
535
86415
41
385
46
3182
06649
555
02
15
1257
434340
91770
689
6582
517
14$976
191163
95
943
.
teachers
Paid
34320
82
1209
0000
1340
501125
2197
59
1096
09
5759
001050
2120
001610
0000
75550
1536
00409
480
48
00$870
00
1115
00925
004125
1215
00
00754
675
75
30
0+ 507
512
20
635
29
3114
| For during
services
1870-71.
forReceived
paying
teachers
091
51
0951
48102
3037
09182824
1924
578
20
05
26 3
20 2955
30371342
76
| Balance unexpended.
$1675
1942
1762
1930
01
72
13801542
11101035
9863
12
651
Balance due teachers
89
28 0
56Os
66
1735
00
248
00
150
08 0
9000
73153
813
61
.. ... .
03238
530
29
Aggregateamount paid
41181
52
302
96
120
4788
and treasurers.
06
113
08970
89
271
8642
8883341
156
60
1152
54
142
50
7045331
2285545
40$4729075
Amount
teachers
other thanpaidpublic
funds.from
54 s2t
192
6511
2877).
on $ 100 board.
asked
coor Coco Coco Coco No.for cts.
by county
-
434271
001000
003120
1240
190
00300
001910
550
1728
001
192
3-5
No.cts.levied by
97817
71 10
77976
1533
98
942
34320
821
1209
00409
480
48
+29
311
00675
75507
754
30
01
542
20
635
00925
00
001215
4115
00$81115
70
00
.7- 3
1872
fortax
District
3-5
18
supervisors.
N2
59
1096
095759
0000
3120
001240
1910
00
550
409
48
00
500
481
1509
001
1340
00
1125
501
2197
00
600
501179
808
00
004498
001010
50
908
00
592
001250
00
1750
00
5255
00$11115
140
00
Total.
.
treasurers
and
For services
during
1871-72.
.FUND
COUNTY
AND
STATE
Treasurer 's
No3—(Continued
.)TABLE
Estimated yield of
district tax levied
by supervisors.
1 NIO
පාය උප පා - උය උය උය උය උය උප
42
3010
00400
00
750
00660
1200
42
00
255
00
200
00200656
00
00
210
004300
55
450050004500
00
1000
00
002$ 50
250
250
00
00
250
148
SECOND ANNUAL REPORT OF THE
teachers from all sources.
commissions.
tain
Lee
.
001456
00
971880
313
971
3649
00
1366
00
740
162803
18
98447
394
262994
60882
733
01
83
318
441
1934
54
906
851065
830
77
23
307
28
906
1100
40
35
680
1455
00
00
751525
4873
33
2339
00
4470
6+697
43
599
26
1042
61
3256
23448
29463
886
461
441010
30
33732
726
24
306
551709
49376
327
71
25562
1331
50
Essex y.
count
Centra
. l.Rappa
hannock 001107
.Occupacia
501
County
501006
3479
.
Fairfaxy
count
Centrevill
00
936
e
.
County
Namozine
.
County
. count
Elizabeyth
City
.
Chesapeake
. Southfield
Wythe
.
.County
Cumberland
county
.Madison
Hamilton
. Randolph
.
.
County
Dinwiddie
county
.Sappony
Darvills
. Rowanty
.
00
1195
661057
001080
2055
007562
79
50
502012
1347
00
1110
13
2175
0000390
295
00
00375
1060
211
213265680
.*Levy
made
yet
not
8958263
722
00461
523
941
66
239
65219
80734+1
†1852
29454
14
205
14735
605
43
00
2000
001031
748
36
60
650
445
60
80382
00
1479
88
878
02
872
48540
28
781075
44560
3927
64420
410
21
00905
810
00
53427
451
17
534
181
15
5346
000
870
341
161
42
162
811625
12
249
93273
254
93259
1315
1037
701
530
00
720
5063
10,025794
18970856
921
201
1146
1050
50
353526
1329
05
264994
60
1481
37
1913
271
24 392
3787
83
1835
1134
64
37
512
42
1511
861692
34
1143
23
43982
3818
05
7184
1010
44
18
351611
1598
71
988
57
241961
1024
692
041
96
6975
72675
659
73
17
734
06
686
68
2755
47376
327
2471
306
60
696
43
3818
721123
901006
1029
1250
3160
00
00936
740
97
97313
3649
00
1456
001880
00
1455
871491
64
4625
25472
1206
52
86
1692
3+1143
23
982
27
989
067206
66
00912
1934
65301
24
919
131195
2175
00
5929500
322
21
680
213265
00810
00870
905
00
00720
50794
25
8381
48
22
54202060
62
63
31113512
27
65
36370
3628
0744
87
119
29
12
2723
95
182
01414069
9826092518
49
1514
654549590
6313
149913951914
5676
15451
1555
58
155
72
8581!.
31
31302
302
0072
27
58
2014
88
61299
347
7606
0676
00
30
3500
00300
00
300
00
202
&E+Including
onSemms
.interest
fund
aton
76
326
09
79
67
247
3313248
131
00125
9000
00
1160
00445
00
1880
00
121
90356
73
73
316+ 9
16
77201
76127
651
202
00
00
52
9800125
00
0015
56254125
00
145
6842
7444142
861
30CO
00300
0000
325
00375
1000
00250
175
00
00
971
00740 7%
00300
250
00
00
350
00300
00
00275
925
00
296
78203
360
50
00
28500
1360
0060
00
65
00
200
572664
7500
00
550
00600
57
893
00
621
001366
00
501107
1006
50
3479
SINAI
00
00750200
CCIAN
97
3619
.01491
0
00351490
6287
4660
35001
001880
1456
00313
97
25472
1206
50
43
4020
23
1184
861143
1692
34
003094
27
1434
06
9086
13
2273
001320
66
964
49
975
59
337
00295
90
342
)125063
,01682
00
00810
00835
870
213295
680
21
00791
720
50
no
O
1
Catal
. paStep
. hensburg
County
.
count
Clarke
. y
Greenway
. Battletown
Chapel
.
.
Marsh
Long
.
Craig County
county
. New
Alleghany
. Simmonsville
Castle
.
.
County
county
Culpeper
Jeffe
rson
.
.
Salem
Moun
.Cedar
CINCI
NN 10
Bermuda
.
Powhito
.
SUPERINTENDENT OF PUBLIC INSTRUCTION.
149
5
Promised teachers
in the contracts.
..Columbra
ia
Fork
.Union
Cunni
. Couugham
Fraun
co
nkl..tyinnty
Rocky
Mount
.
.
Creek
Snow
'sForkCounty
.Burk
.
Fluvanna
county
Palmy
Indian
Valley
.Locust
Grove
Little
River
.Jacksonville
.
.
Ridge
Alum
County
. er
Fauqui
count
y
Centr
e
.
.
Scott
.Marshall
.Rapp
Cedar ahannock
.Run
.
county County
Floyd
.
.Falls
Church
.Providenc
(cVernon
)Fairfax
ontinued
Mount
.Dranesvillee
.
DISTRICTS
State fund.
001005
1070
00
00
1750
001235
62
1727
006192
1480
62
001975
00
600
00450
775
005804
00
00985
1019
00
00
750
757862
002115
00
1691
00
751975
1328
001145
00
7336
00
1950
00$11380
185
00
| County fund.
741
24553
321
277
39
3189
981
630
141
575
74759
011
61
2710
50745
660
12783
01
15
527
56358
583
75
1407
96
211167
1491
13753
2131561
5380
82
05
721
2352$6986
58
545
49
3700
98
Total.
75277
33
207
10
741
38341055
891
8141
31
214
0398144
40
7592873
10
77180
159
67
19
1632
00229
66
171
95425
48452
353
10
96841153
637
42
4328
18$7843
08
50
Received
teachers
paying
for
.
treasurers
and
Forduring
services
1871-72.
97
732
017013
97732
01
7013
743
52
79997
840
1832
96456
671
31
353
08
4063
05
639
88
583
75756
769
16
84
2748
99
651018
760
1520
69
23
1913
21
982
00739
970
92
48
592
15
349
953771
00416
955
1317
797
002873
705
30
81
450
4572669
730
34
979
91
1833
99
7103
40$1126
001325
00
1950
59
1026
Forduring
services
408029
91
1833
691913
1520
23982
21
2140
42
45
1183
70$11564
313
73
44100
624
05
65
.STATE
FUNDS
AND
COUNTY
.
teachers
Paid
commissions.
Treasurer's
1870–71.
16711
58
63
96
21
1949
26161439849
83
47
416
35 7
791
74
11
87950
84
192
9642
40
291
$46956817
7771
Balance due teach
...
90113
95
634
71
112
$1182
61
39
92
from
teachers
|Amount
funds.
other thanpaidpublic
001005
1145
00
48299911420731
7500
276
061
00955
17
13416
00797
705
48
592
15349
95
4321
45726691529
730
3+1
811
450
91
1833
1520
69
23
1913
21732
982
97
01
7013
49
7831
40$1126
00
1955
001950
09
1089
30
2873
00
550
00
550
50
62
50727
00
630
| Aggregate
sources.
from allpaid
teachersamount
87
47
476000
147
930
5048775
00
053319
372
33202
795
00169
818
571
83
36
1485
30102
42
175
10151
36
55443
1703
849
74
354
51258
31
77316
54
41
232
01118
281
09173
31
60$555008
5-41
No.cts.levied by
5-6
21
47-12
41-5
District
-73
for1872
.tax
by supervisors.
district tax levied
Balance unexpended.
No3—Continued
.TABLE
No.
$ 100 board.
asked
for cts,on
by county
ལ་བབབབུ
ཁབབབབབ
Estimated yield of
NO
10$299
00
400
55255
03
1107
84965750
48300
151
00
7500
00816
00
162
00
0067300
9100
00750
00350
650
0000
00550
3785
00
121
42
459
2683
52
00
1485
00
800
00700
150
SECOND ANNUAL REPORT OF THE
supervisors.
ers and treasurers.
.CGill
Hall
Union
's reek
.'sCWalke
reek r
le
.County
counson
Gray
ty
Old
.Town
Halifty
coun
ax. y
.Bannister
county
Belfield
.
.
Hicksford
Zion
.
Count
.
County
Greensville
.
Ruckersville
Monroe
.
.County
county
Greene
.
Stanardsville
Elk
Creek
.
Wilson
.
.
Byrd
Dover
. .Lickingho
.Pembroke
Newpo
rtCounty
.
county
Gloucester
Petswo
rth
.
Ware
. .Abingdon
.
County
Goochland
county
.
.Stonewall
Gainesboro
.
Creek
. Back
Opequon
.
County
county
Giles
Pearisburgo
.
.Bonbrook
Magodee
. Blackwater
. Long
HillBranch
Brown
.
County
county
. Frederick
Winchester
501
1072
00
2563
001063
00330
1170
00
20
1480
00
600
20500
380
00
50
4477
194121
001837
1125
501515
00
00
1455
1392
09
101274
221886
2060
32
406559
2613
94
00
2230
257457
00
745
001
525
001
00500
460
00
25940
1456
50
1028
501235
2797
00
00
900
009295
00860
870
00
001
1200
00
1470
0012CC720
00
981
99
1023
15735
59
310
43
1556
69
510
67
1175
00
500
295
47
31121371
3056
201021
902
39
89
48890
2814
•
091499
789
881128
3639
3417
20
380
201
128
52
01
644
56156
32
211
56
156
16
587
8592
2+859838
5+
269
58257
135
8771
193
90
923
701123
993713
1665
591
47
2200
99
1023
3501722
1039
11
439
20380
00
03500
23452
1352
52
4004
501
1072
00
36270
2031
84
397
03452
07
1230
011039
722
35
001837
1125
50
.0151
0
50
4477
20
380
671757
924
59
26
1322
001455
78
3705
281010
1210
50
121119
988
77
13
02976
3084
22
2060
322613
1886
406559
94
282048
1684
51
38924
760
81
90113037
69
67
00570
00
475
00360
320
001725
00
80
5476
181
77
24
356
65
1014
72
657
76563
92
438
23
63373
2033
50
1297
00
1235
05
8091
00860
73
671
00720
50
837
831208
27
972
80
1110
72
657
76563
92373
438
6323
2033
301098
82
771383
1149
12
44966
1893
8134688
8657
903
53
91
981
981
1140
23
1246
87993
31
923
45
6191
2603221632
67251
29
246
64
267
61
187
88
2359
00
311
339
69
90
270
501028
00
25910
251456
5957
45933
351537
784
20
301123
1098
50
6+671
24
657
27
714
736297
500
93
829
54906
97
722
6802
47
183
663215081
93
206
366378536501
75
872
901
4742205
78188
93
72111
318
.. .. .
11
746
1535!.
29 5
29 5
84
19
1726
18
82
264329
58
4516
672026
13
3654
720
11881000
8516
117623061400
14
82
1647
183 1514
031919671672
157
861
159
86
159
1998
2065577
1540
3319
1084
898713
153
44
179
1131
6603
6386!.
154
47
00
60
47
217
50147
69
97
40
368
40138
001
230
0050
28
331661238
761322
566
203
31
44977
91122868
121
30 691053740279
181
1909
2160242
00
870
00250
572
54
011039
972
35
50
1072
00
36270
2281
03
532
1493
3575325000
01430
531
50
50
5677
22
2060
NNN
32
1886
402013
91
6559
781045
1216
901
00
681455
3717
003037
1125
501515
00
00805
00
00690
345
00
00590
2430
80
9290
93
1721
02
1805
901631
1115
67
28
2986
00
860
00925
609574
279
80008000
00
1200
001200
1190
456500
00
235
00
215
0025180
00
00230
00100
00705
505
00
128
802460
001500
00375
80
457
2500
601
39601239
0050001
00901520
1290
001
00
720
88
32000
300
00
00
225
00
150
00
675
00250250
00
00750
250
00
0080
72
204
25
193
75625
72
750049
00
00750350
25208
224
25
000060
350
00
300
00200
00150
150
00800
00
00
2080
00
300
00430
1350
00
01
9040
36649
47
10
1588100
7832896301
SUPERINTENDENT OF PUBLIC INSTRUCTION.
151
Vaia lla
19
N 1999
Promised
teachers in
the contracts.
.
County
Ridgeway
.
.ew
Pasture
Irisbnrg
).(nHorse
.Varina
.
County
- Martinsville
county
Henry
.Leatherwood
.County
county
Hanover
.
Dam
Beaver
'sCreek
. .Allen
Ashland
. Henry
Clay
.
County
-Henric. o
county
.Brookland
Tuckahoe
.
.
Fairfield
()
.Roanoke
cHalifax
ontinued
.
Staunton
.
Meadsville
Creek
Birch
Carmel
.Mt
.
Walnut
Black
.
Bank
Red
.
DISTRICTS
07
3908
004920
561077
973
93
58
001005
851
961
3399
84
741071
697
204576
95860
769
43
887
40
29
928
72566
92
68368
1797
10454
407
94
07
3908
00
851
93
1077
581005
56
973
64
5197
051177
37
1315
56
661638
1066
29
928
204576
35700
86
1198
27
540
36583
981
77
14
7388
37
1001
00976
783
14887
40
861198
27981
540
36
77
583
14
7388
37783
1001
00
14
976
27$11123
236
17
35
700
Total.
27$11123
236
17
County fund.
6377
501
001437
1170
50
50
1112
00
1200
1532
50
00
1815
001860
1150
00
001205
00001
1115
501140
5297
001
00730
1150
50
852
75
9010
00
970
50
867
99001300
60
State fund.
75$11430
485
00
For services
1871–72.
teachers
paying
for
Received
.
treasurers
and
For services
33$1263
50
3767
00970
00
1080
50
907
00
810
50 7
637
00970
00
730
00
905
00870
860
004335
00
001860
1150
00
501815
1552
00
67608
277278
00
1160
00699
50
1014
00920
730
00
Treasurer's
commissions.
3865874561
47
138
40236
3398
73142
83
91
37$16
.
teachers
Paid
during1870-71.
$18
| Balance unexpended.
7803
02
200017
192154
47
40
106
23
265675
3453
5621
6864
117502151464
13311392
875
82110
1689
10
50
1798
810
1471
and treasurers.
84219
38
17328
00129
373
33
1110
7808
50
978
14
314
00255
00
270
36
139
30+48
83187
71
244
58
252
30
1843
50
301
$240 26286
89
Amount
teachers
from
other thanpaidpublic
funds.
08
78
50
51
5150
0535
1635
36
184
393118
247
Balance due teachers
31 5
2000
2000
00
155
Aggregate
amount paid
teachers froni all sources.
00758000
No.cts.on $100 asked
for by county board .
No. cts.levied by
50
3767
00 1010
970
001080
50810
907
00
00
4355
0000970
750
00
905
0000870
860
75 -15 65
9165
35700
86
1198
27
540
27
620
33$1263
171123
10
10
10
10
10
10
1212
1212
1212
79
36
08234
82
468
41
118
189
86483
32$734
445
52
00
200
00
400
15
453
001698
200
67
35
2034
00515
00
390
00
710
00
00730
725
00
3070
0000
750
00800
700
00
0 1300
3550
-73
1872
for
tax
.District
district
tax levied
by
supervisors.
.
FUNDS
COUNTY
AND
STATE
Estimated yield of
No3—(Conlinued
.)TABLE
152
SECOND ANNUAL REPORT OF THE
Suunp
supervisors.
county
Highland
. County
Stone
White
.
.Yokum
Station
County
.
Loudoun
county
Leesburg
. .G*Milead
t
Mercer
.
.Lovettsville
Lee
county
.
Hill
Rose
.
Shoals
. White
Jonesville
.
Station
Rocky
.
.Acquinton
.Mangohic
.
County
county
Lancaster
White
Chapel
.
Mantua
2543
332130
001
001425
OJ
1800
00
002445
1000
00
001225
7895
00
502365
2102
50
2457
93
1424
15
1305
721518
601
1152
85
1004
281169
401
887
7500287
50
50
10000112
88233
40
754
50338
182
02
07
1097
87
4872
82
1118
10
983
25
1196
27
888
43
686
78690
04
1733
19611
08
2013
66
60450
591
00789
582
89
68751
39962
1389
22
29
3103
00
590
00975
971909
344
97
54
611
70
1028
63352
00
2522
2310
00
002688
2040
ool
27
2012
16563
60
78691
765
54
2020
82
1118
10
983
25888
1196
27
43
87686
4872
00582
09
789
18
641
18934
41
1727
101
691196
3857
87
1992
922
21
33
00!2543
2130
002102
2365
50
13
676
784799
041102
35
968
31
1178
95
874
5000895
2107
50512
00
700
00540
00
770
25
1891581
00
1705
001200
213827
68
6652202
2432
16
993
228
01
35
200
79
243
02
89181
139
0220
15
121
58484265
16
8812
5
8335
389431
95
2593
1036
88 1
78151282
4089
67
42
6721586
1343
5307.
52
397
00
951 90
121
2976
18306
90
816
75
1248
73
57111
538
13
3022
00
225
00125
00
350
22
728
001
2130
502107
04
1102
35
968
31
951178
874
13
676
78
4799
3268
2824
162576
2655
700
00
00
895
00770
25
25581
1891
50
512
00
540
902473
00975
590
00
971909
344
97
91
922
00
550
85
799
00705
05419
131296
27
983
20
60665
2944
4200 188 112
00331
001
5224 427
75
00
435
00
200
00
200
00
191255
152
00
501425
2687
472 790
00
001705
00 716
911230
3857
772
5209
73792454428
66
800001
13212414
390
03
03230
40231034
00910
00
00150
1060
14156
2
1894105
00611
00
40
50102
00390
19825
00
3300 3000
82
........
09
37
1199
96 6
57
243
17444
253
23212
1701
10657814
4940
9715
81
69
1918
745
46 8
25 5
为为为为
Buena
Vista
. County
.county
King
William
West
.Point
611
54
70
1028
63
87352
1992
73
1845
33
2295
67
643
00600
00
395
06
207
50
154
30899
08
30663
486
66404
29
741
00
273
88
120
18527
60
166
20
305
90191
214
40
50350
432
07401
00
57
357
7
9 31
47
505
11 4 1280
1264
261182
1328
13983
1296
98747
27665
143258
20
38
60
2944
%% %
.Passpatanzy
.county
County
&Queen
King
. Stevensville
Newtown
.
n
. Williams
burg
.
.
County
King
George
county
.Shiloh
.
Chotapk
20
815
604004
00
350
85705
799
00475
162330
01
001389
980
00
00
575
00
2944
001705
975
001230
00
00
3910
00
675
00
800
002475
1000
00
50
512
00
00925
1020
13983
2206
27
11
1264
36991
1113
58
26
20626
2731
06436
238
09
08331
390
801396
03
357
57
47
505
50
1432
07
401
501
432
00400
00
600
b oreret བས
Blue
Grass
为邓为为
15
732
10
IO
10
In
732
15
15
151
5
15
673
74
74
为吃 为功为为
TOON
.
.MStonewall
.onterey
County
.
county
ofWight
Isle
Newp
ort
.
Hard
y
. Wind
. sorCounty
.
James
county
City
Stone
House
.
. Jamestow
Powhatan
00
1400
001300
00
001500
1100
39
123
86742
29
155
12
137
44128
62
198
00
550
00
427
00376
00
1353
65192
238
.2298
3
80
68729
00300
00
500
00
00350
1150
00
00917300
00327
290
00
00
200
00400
00
915
00250
00
900
00
90
00
225
68276
359
28
55375
51
1011
00300
350
00
SUPERINTENDENT OF PUBLIC INSTRUCTION.
153
%%为
%%%
Promised Teachers
State Fund.
28
5780
County und.
62
1350
Boydto
n
.
.Christ
ville
ians
00
1150
001050
101
807301070
64
3326
1461
702140.367
66
776
5655
25
261
50
127
50
3985292
002266592137
225
00
57184
773
66
411
ers and treasurers.
501407
00
975
50
3359
00
4485
48
415
14
61
38290
1281
8748
1692
309 81 3
78 119
30
06
110
Amount paid teachers from
other than public funds.
66
411
10252
001439
369
33
801
982
001
001050
1020
975
001
501
3359
65
208
Balance unexpended .
$
00
977
5311,108
Balance due teach
72159890
00
120
00
Aggregate amount paid
750045
No. cts.on $ 100 asked
for by county board.
7*
6
%7*7
716
772
772
72
-152421
7% 712
772
3310 10
.1020 1050
001
50
3359
00
977
501407
00
975
5311,108
501
382
3852703
34
75497
263
501
00529
645
44
001125
00
1545
00
1655
00
1375
00
5700
2849$.2084
77
3044429
001752
0014,022
20644
supervisors.
D
counlenb
Meck
ty urg
. y
counCount
Math
tyews
.
Ann
Rapid
3286
00977
50
1407
3286
5014944
1407
00
975
501
1407
1600975
3771
1811,317
89
8261
29
3055
Lynchburg
.city
Madison
county
34
2703
50497
50385
382
15
5406
9012
1059
527
7679550
75
263
00529
645
44
commissions.
22
630
2435
41
104
543
25803$
64200
.
63
477
77409
94
383
28$104
Treasurer' s
00:108987
245
35
001383
1191
43
4806
$248167980
001
125
992
131
001720
72132841736
500012,97507
8892
No.cts. levied by
%%%%%
. Locust
Robertson
Dale
26
520
63477
77
409
17601
41
559
65
604
66
1388
70
1023
29
1533
18!1217
61
5220
65
604
17
601
41
559
26
520
85264
63
300
238
67
52
1119
55
219
5311,108
in the contracts.
89
3172
97899
77
661085
1232
51
91978
4196
$866552
161
755
during1871-72.
89
3172
00
1375
001
1610
$2671720
131
5012,90092
001
001125
1470
For services
005580
00
735
Lewiston
. .Brown
00
'sStore
00585
525
.
Grove
Pleasant
00
625
.
Rehoboth
00425
675
.
Lochleven
00
.Columbian 3570
Grove
00
County
.
Jeffe
. Run
.Broarsond
.
countyCounty
Louisa
Jackso
.Cuckoo n
. Court
House
. Spring
.Green
.
County
Lunenburg
county
(continued
)Loudoun
. ICT
DISTR
district tax levied
-73
1872
for
tax
.District
Estimated yield of
NO3—(Continued
.)TABLE
by supervisors.
.
FUNDS
COUNTY
AND
STATE
.
teachers
Paid
For services
during1870 -71.
teachers
paying
for
Received
.
treasurers
and
Total.
00
750
00
450
00
450
400
00
00
1300
98
114
55111
8456
8864438291
108
31
567
007050
00
00450
520
00
750
00
664
00
2384
00$1600
150
00
154
SECOND ANNUAL REPORT OF THE
.
teachers from all sources.
001
6450
00l
4524
13116996
6450
0031/2472
87348
00440
300
18447
76323
302
00318
300
6481
Council
appropriated
*Cfor
current
00
2
.,0$1ity
expenses
323
64
3261
988
0006
1315
741050
621
18
00601
504
795
00591
204
26607
1231
00863939
975
67900
557
76862
304
00869
02307
13431
15750
00562
681355378
346005900
12,100028180
451123
79
757
99284
28709
353
49
92695
00
634
23796
49
793
323395
16814
923064
14
6299251882
501695
1882
50
871298
001388
1379
01
1481101687
003874
1315
984892
504117
242
0709
00348
255
87447
0018302
270
00318
280
76
791422
825
63
25942
21
751683
84763
1813
191540
981588
21870
75
001847
1754
2034
05977
202000
001059
152325
02142002
1084
2086
12
1002
912152
1029
52
00631
1069
90
397
62
717241200
90974
00249
61
801
02189
301
00930
821
80500
354
00490
6319
9564
43
00734
795
6004204
591
504
001
00872
70677
233
73
911
43872
00
79
3520
242016351620
485
73 4079
2824
19732543
30
99 8
1040
9156
60181000
49982138
1031
14
49
1355
7711831
279
12501
)53200
6927
477
50l
69109
10159
001960
5392
5016
05219
30
454090
053852
1362
173
131
62
855
34
283445
61403
5042
51467911951
00257500
83
94420
districts
apportionment
Superintendent
County
by.n
accordance
,imade
population
school
the
with
38490
316
1277106
38
348068
1378
2418560
741692
281
36542265 93
0273151
69
60
88964
109
1186118349180
125
663
50
734
0010 0010623
10
10
LA
733
900
00
12,600
00500
2395
00300150001125
08
52
1123
79
00
280
00318
79
255
00270
1518
505556
46
291
00203
2022
502015
87
00222
00140
00
29320
341
557
10
50
in
10
10
%7
%7
757
99353 736
28 006
695
49125
50918
437
00
796
16
5
1960
25
50
66112
759288937
2875
0242092
41
0015068411432500751550
2286
6633
930
00
1069
00
2499
00
006971
001
501500
362
16300
500
00
10
566 872
105062501
101
10001
605
331010
玩玩玩玩
EN
. Massie
Lovingston
'sMills
.Greenfield
County
.
county
Kent
New
.Cumberland
Creek
Ware
.
Peter
's.St
. County
Creek
Black
.1422
451358
99
. Norfolk
city
Norfolk
county
.22113
Branch
93Western
77746
001366
2095
70095
. Pleasant
Creek
Deep
.
Grove
41
408
33
747
1
172
1155
74
50
1172
.
Road
Butts
. 50.5Tanner
Washington
57
'sC557
95373
682
22
1056
17County
.reek
28428
49
284
92634
709
83
1115
99814
1230
321241
6623
3360•2650
605
797
00593
34
9404
742
742
TYS
玩玩为为为
.Chuckatuck
Cypress
.
. 3064
Neck
Holy
.754799
county14County
Nelson
Pinetop
.
272County
2439
77001497
.2499
509499
42
county
Montgomery
Christiansburg
.
Blacksburg
.
Alleghany
. . 7522
Auburn
377297
8County
46913908
. 008
663613
county
Nansemond
7
99
18
621
. 82
Hole
Sleepy
.
Suffolk
.
. Jamaica
Saluda
Middlesex
county
Flat
Creek
Hill
. South
Buckhorn
'sS623
.Palmer
prings
00515
90693
177
91
811
Clarksville
. 7390
89County
7961895
783
106608
.005495
Bluestone
.
155
district
no
made
he
.b+T90
levy
Treasurer
ordered
ut
$6Supervisors
place
of
credit
oIAtothe
fmt
.drafts
toteachers
issued
750
0010800
00
00700
0010
800
0027501200
0037300
10300
0010
0010
300
†60090
00125
120
00120
772
00
733
00
00100
465
00300
00
150
00
3520
009261-200
370
00400
320
00
00
175
00300
16
16233
708
00
620
00
1815
75006142
732
04
772
00132
540
50600
501
160532
002360
00
00
2475
00275
00250
250
00200
00
00
300
SUPERINTENDENT OF PUBLIC INSTRUCTION.
YA
Promised teachers in
State fund.
the contracts.
.ron
Works
.Mayo
Patrick
IShen
.
.Marksville
Luray
. .
ield
Springf.County
county
county
Page
.Gordon .County
001548
504390
01
1102
001325
001225
50
1329
51
4981
county
60
.CapevilleNorthampton 007$920
00
.Eastville
00
980
.Franktown
002660
.County
county
Northumberland
350
00
Lottsburg
.
00
700
.
Heathsville
00
595
.
Fairfields
68
.
Wicomico
68453
2098
.
County
county
Nottoway
501312
.Blendon
001095
.Bellefonte
001129
.Haytokah
503536
.County
county
Orange
00
820
.Barbour
00
1430
.Madison
001452
.Taylor
50
688
.DISTRICTS
County fund.
75
2602
001360
001452
141418
95
1799
98
737
20447
60567
80232
372686
001524
00820
50
876
40276
10600
94
970
35
1232
18
505
57
3308
12
5289
57
4832
Balance due teachers
(01090
1225
64
62
1013
001325
001433
50859
1513
0050
4895
00
1095
1199
7000
00501
3670
133
00
1089
68
453
682098
00
50631376
26
4654
00171
50574
501
61
00269
7300
supervisors .
732
001
350 732
742
732
595 732
00
00
700
00647 7²
72
1800
$67218 %7 732
00 7%
535
00
990
Treasurer's
commissions.
00558
3988
00
70
other than public funds.
264654
5439931
0070
Aggregate
from allpaid
sources.
teachersamount
00990
4151
1752
53112
87
32
28
07
24 16
873525
27
44306
96
63
22
2319
00
50
0050
2263
72$10041
79 5
804
716
55
33
Balanceunexpended.
860
| and treasurers.
40156
40601
62$13826084
Amount paid teachers from
385
00233
72759
$9 0
02527
$ 100 board
asked.
No.
by county
for cts,on
No.cts.levied by
86
238
25
327
001225
64
1090
62
1013
001325
688
504320501
36197
36477
53
1363
00140
00140
001129
50
3536
24
2307
18
1034
50351
00394
450$ 2
68453
682098
501312
001095
181189
82
3670
00647
721800
00350
00700
00595
72$6535
18
00
80428
87527
91406
19358
59
1678
46
1447
803
40
20
2410
43
430
63
487
34
402
03
$840803
40
For services
during
1871-72.
803
40
20
2410
43
430
63
487
+402
3
19
358
59
1678
59
27919
627
38
760
03
$840803
40
or during
services
1870-71.
teachers
forpaying
Received
.and
treasurers
Total.
.
FUND
COUNTY
AND
STATE
.teachers
Paid
3
-7.tax
1872
forDistrict
Estimated yield of
tax levied
district
by
supervisors.
).(C3—NoTABLE
ontinued
78
207
00500
00
350
00
350
00
1420
00
220
56235
54
1078
10
463
47227
41
152
00
750
76
230
79276964
69
00225
275
0000250
67244
212
47
60
232
32848
26
$200389
72
156
SECOND ANNUAL REPORT OF THE
% 为
% EI
% %NE
% %% %
county
.Pungo
. Kempsville
Seaboard
.
. Prince
County
William
county
.
Dumfries
.
Occoquan
.
Coles
.
. Brentsville
Manassas
.County
Anne
Princess
. . ...
.Lockett
.
Leigh
. Prince
County
George
county
Temp
leto
n
.
Rives
.Bland
. Blac
.Bran. donkwater
.Farmville
Hampden
.
Buffalo
.
.Spencer
.
. Huguenot
Macon
. Prince
County
Edward
county
Portsmouth
city
.
Powhatan
county
.
County
Pigg
. Callands
..
.Tunstall
Danville
.Dan Banister
.
.
River
Staunton
Chatham
.
Petersburg
city
. Pittsylvania
county
.
County
00
1700
50501620
3320
00
360
00
535
01
569
75
548
50
950
00
294
0000720
3939
00870
00
00725
1330
00
929
005279
00
450
001670
00950
1280
00
371
49
11
307
451
512
77256
235
65
00700
80725
673
51
31
2099
00
1004
20
40795
734
401
314
001
00440
3288
78
343
56
337
83211
529
41
83
442
41
1864
44
554
19
862
00
63977
2395
00)1250
001424
1329
004003
00
00616
95
041084
1181
991
2881
50147
135
50273
50
50294
176
50
22
79304
1280
00
275
002055
48231
235
89
97145
363
23
00459
50
196
50627
00
497
00
1638
58
2465
21
6063
00525
00611
502
001
11
2667
27
757
779022
851481
001
1330
002190
1525
00
0095
0014,41625
152058
00
001830
2455
581
986
801
1600
32
814
831
790
23
281156
1778
70
4421
14
1947
62042158
5275
64
356
05747
44
1170
26578
45
569
801
893
001225
801336
1175
503737
30
501
1631
20
1292
40
1193
90
00510
00715
5343
69
5132
822812
2438
631
872012
3956
84
782857
1954
98
561626
4395
3608422,65
6011,013
10
2841
96
1137
10
2841
.
101
2841
102841
90
6591
861674
05
071452
2356
52
1198
95
751163
1701
28
2617
5943
00713,878
6013,013
001
1250
001170
00
3968
50
1619
0050!1620
3240
00371
320
27
00584
15388
09404
571
99
61
483
03
445
93792
806
501
00
00720
3939
00
294
00870
001330
725
00
30501336
3737
00
001640
1220
00450
950
00
00
00743
5003
695132
001175
1225
801
00001330
1525
00
00414,2190
1625
0095
001481
2455
85
151830
2058
00
6011,013
00
2778
89000898
00
7.balance
1
-*Including
for1870
.
37351
25279
8530
3562675526701
140
001
34
144
00
150
34
434
97
31
1652
847
1197
0010
*10621
1327
20501307817
141713
72
260
60
58
5933
53
120
759
221007
1430
478
1915
1167269
04
2762 89
69
14733858
165
431
50
197
5351
43
00
50
150
851615
57
905
13
33
5000
108
849
70
415
89148
284
80
317
1300186
63
09170
411
13716000
3553
62
46 219
535068
01745
324
87
7389
55608
25
1309
06
2169
32731
588
1469
514
360
00
001168
250
00
2555185
8202
48
69
2316
23
365073
36
11
97
180
20253523
16703285
.1
16
732
20
2
772
772
77
7% 77
2
74
772
7% 732
4
501
989
09495
571
03
00388
370
00
501619
50 7%
001620
3240
00
3939
772
1% 732
30 %7
3737
001640
00
5500950
001275
550
00775
100
006000
215
0015190
00725
870
7162
00
5
00294
1330
7%
0000
720
74
50 7522
1336
001175
1225
80
21 20
006063
1000
0075
0016,1900
1680
002705
250
85110
1591
001330
00
00
1825
001
00300
2190
00
2525
151830
002178
120
00
00/1313
60,02000
001
00898890
00 4
2778
% % 巧克为为戏
AENEA
erorcreer e
.DanSmith
.
230
00
00210
280
00
525
1450
0000
250
00
00350
500
00
00600
43
784
0000
333
333
00
334
00
1000
34
91313
267
8810135
504
43
66157
1378
7050
176
143
9348378
128
00
6000
74
718
64
93383
33273
250
96
665
49002372
5518
3158
482
371
6524
143
164
67
515
SUPERINTENDENT OF PUBLIC INSTRUCTION.
157
5
0.
Promised teachers in
State fund.
the contracts.
. County
Spring
Cave
.
Richmond
.city
Roanoke
county
.
Catawba
. Big
Salem
.
Lick
.
County
.Stonewall
County
.
Richmon
d
county
.Marshall
Stonewall
.
.
Washington
.
Farnham
.Hampton
Wakefield
. Piedmont
Jackson
.
284
49
74
1045
801
78634
81864
2829
50575
501
502011
501332
1522
00
5442
6524,597
4415,122
0941,220
02
1554
73366
06305
260
3222
69322
299
01625
341
501
462299
1253
20
97875
77
1510
531901
31
781036
976336
3506
0939,720
99
530
482961
72
910
53
762
3944
78
40
689
37
830
10933
43
86652
776
86
819
00
4437
50501332
1522
00
5442
50
575
502011
0939,720
99
530
112931
72
910
40
689
00800
28
753
213870
644
59
43
767
91
809
44068035
65
147
29
53
1450
499 53
4779925
1132
00281976
90
18
66
001412
00
002270
001295
4977
00
895
1867
02
76
1259
22
1310
11655
51
88933
629
50
2218
.
teachers
Paid
66$174219
during1871-72.
$9373611
3260 9$ 47 50123464
For services
during1870 –71.
50$31318
50
00
80
1861
County fund.
50255
62
65286
303
411043
197
281
84
462
762390
75
543
3737566
392
54
471
64
497
50
2218
629
88
342293
11
655
51
933
87$609
Total.
00984
00
625
67
3149
50!4187
67800
740
00
00895
00940
675
00
50820
857
00
)
50$14036
073
.Gainesville
Count
76
y
.
Pulasty
coun
ki
002270
1412
.
Newbern
Dublin
001295
. Hiwassee
00
.
00
4977
. Rappahannock
County
county
cPrince
(William
ontd
.
DISTRICTS
For services
teachers
paying
for
Received
.
treasurers
and
Treasurer's
commissions.
.
FUNDS
COUNTY
AND
STATE
Balance due teachers
and treasurers.
47142
75
334
13
747
415035
234
3037
3037
2678
2678
Amount
paidpublic
teachers
from
other than
funds.
56
218
28739401
3041
57172
4759
296672
317
5127
Aggregate amount paid
teachers from all sources.
00175
00
195
00
1130
00
610
00
150
120
00
00
200
8000
00
1989
00717
00325
947
00
No.
on $ 100 board.
asked
for cts,
by county
No. cts. levied by
00
6572
501717
1507
50
502621
725
50
0041,220
091500
99
530
11
2931
00800
72
910
40
689
00
1475
19
480
00895 772
59 2242
614
4391 742
847
736
28809
873
21
4070
00
2835
00
1250
00375
001050
160
00
0032,500
43333
00
350
00
375
62
1718
00
180
00
200
00900
375
00
$50000
00
1995
732
50$10014872253507271-147
%7772
122
503886
15422
20609
supervisors.
003217
2129
%7
0000 72742
1620
00
6966
District
for
1872
.7-tax3
Estimated yield of
district
tax levied
by
supervisors.
No3—(Continued
.)TABLE
158
SECOND ANNUAL REPORT OF THE
177777
Balance unexpended.
Rockbridge
county
.
Davis
... . .
.County
Shenandoah
county
.
County
.Ashby
Madison
.Johnson
. Stonewall
.
.
Lee
.. .... .. . ...
Taylor
.Powell
.
.Central
.
Franklin
. Stonewall
Ashby
..
Run
Elk
Plains
.
. GBrock
Linville
.'s ap
Massanuttin
.
.
County
county
Russell
.Elk
Gården
New
.
. Garden
Lebanon
.
Woods
.Castle
Creek
Copper
Moccasin
. County
.
county
Scott
.Fulkerson
Estillville
.
Johnson
. De
Floyd
.
Kalb
Rockingham
county
.Harrisonburg
.
.Lexington
.
Bridge
Natural
. .Kerr
Buffalo
'sCreek
'sCreek
.Walker
. County
River
South
00
2050
10,998
001
00
1285
001852
00
1495
741
4525
5152
19
733
41
07
923
39
519
55
839
17
601
!
39
519
55839
17
601
15
909
41
733
07923
15
909
001771
2545
00
... ...
96802
91
533
71407
648
45657
47621
14
40
734
04
4406
00910
00
1125
501
885
001095
500
00
00925
00
1200
50
6640
51
3230
25
4251
00
650
00575
00
625
85596
71
97393
370
8596621
596
71
393
97
370
51
3230
96
621
96802
91648
533
71407
45
47621
657
14734
0440
4406
301466
1818
82
141038
1846
781679
101202
934
93* 677
2876
13,240335
43539
707
591
415,
43539
707
59
131040
69
1075
91
930
571725
1512
93
80
558
77
3282
871372
45
1441
74
1743
1448
61
82
9825
181
1481
561
1324
572094
1733
161
00955
25
711
00
735
00
176
60105
04
5770
338
801
201
293
401
476
60
543
00327
454
60
44432
2622
40
26637
94
838
97
89696
4727
09
834
531007
10
713
80
382
68
229
367506
71
637
17
1036
331182
935097
33
660
47
45940
987
53
89712
736
899
48
63
1086
08
768
30
687
80751
904
64
00
575
00375
7900
001
1525
00
1860
001150
101
001067
1150
001416
6610,252
69
4571
501522
1604
50
66
2141
001505
00
001430
1845
00
1915
00501802
501045
1754
009407
1195
00
31
734
224355
001499
2111
00
08
643
67648
05
47407
657
00480
784
64
38
2834
12
347
30270
18492
81
545
46
674
51
504
00
1335
459756
561352
3269
5050
001419
1020
10
1027
001480
885
001690
0013
550
0017
7913,0324
06
1695
652047
001430
1505
001743
74
37222699
46
4209120
69
40
729512
347
29
32
28121185
15
746 8
180
16
33
3385
42
1438
77105
35360
231
101
51
246
28481209
88
92
271
7776033960
00126
36
236 644
937 9295281
92
69
28465
2285
7213
258081561
.$6*I26ncluding
apportioned
not
funds
45county
188
141
22
42
053629982090
35092390
4841
893959520
55
106008 9
460
13150
765
65232072
7519
1425
12751474
13211881
38
73
17
32
25
218
3846
51
51
00125
00
245
008000
40
5
21-6
25
178
200008788
67
428
87432145
34473980
9796
50
738
50
47
130
00
00
1100120
2500
00607500
00145
125
00
00
450
00325
00725
575
0000
00425
3020
64
480
742
008800
220
67648
772
05
407
5
47
657
00
150
60
198
732714
08
643
31
734
00
48135
1079
224
61-4355
00723
747
001499
2111
732
00
00 742503
2
27742
861045
244
732
00450
650
70080009
77
00
74
5056800
00322
2729
975
94
209
2
00
585
%71
0077|541
1995
00
625
74
2
11,8*63482
2475
481
2166
00
3780
25 5-6
4496
00784
00
750
00955
25775
711
0000
00730
575
00 2128
13800
502
564069
00252
776
501
50103
2469
001050
001729
709
001
130
0040690
1717
00265
1460
00
00575
750
45
0025002230
1034
721
157
2724
575
0064446
0019,73972320
076729
561560
0054732
1484
74101
002005
262
742 712
26 773
1675
8100340
8312,7237
212980
61-28496
891658
83219
94
652372
003353
325
009401
341
1846
SUPERINTENDENT OF PUBLIC INSTRUCTION.
159
Smyth
county
.Val h
.StClair ley
00775
State fund .
Promised teachers
in the contracts.
765
00
00705
171391
001275
00455
520
00
's.Newsom
00800
.County
Spotsylvania 004520
county
Livingsto
n
. s.'Chancello
001365
r
00690
.Courtland
1200
00
.Berkeley
975
00
Frederick
sburg 601260
.
005490
.ty y
StaffCount
ord
coun
Falmouth
00910
.
.Aquia Hill
001320
.Rock
00772
.Hartwood
699
00
003701
. y
countyCount
Surry
Guilford
..Cobham
1507
50
.Jerusalem
.
Berlin
.
.Drewrysville
Boykin
.'s
00$2100
252516
County
. Southampto 255391
Franklincounty n
Mar
. ion
Ric
County fund.
80444
60449
012042
36535
699
57
33374
75432
16494
37740
12501
623
79
607
083492
87
04807
89477
88738
581
00
731025
543630
35526
64$1106
541167
27424
452698
Received
for
paying
teachers
treasurers
.and
90
82706
195
51
71115
96183
70140
97360
85996
19314
55410
83211
95253
1190
52
23300
47303
9799
149
78
37101
30126
122
33
50106
03745
07753
16586
686
70
533232
551002
60593
84922
70721
1386
70
394627
55849
121110
15890
602
49
750
09
98729
4199
69
13594
85632
25856
785179
103
87$2662219
Total.
98431
2481
For services
97
23$9121052
001365
00690
001200
975
00
001260
005490
00835
651089
94578
00663
3166
59
501507
171391
004520
00765
00705
001275
00455
00520
00800
00710
354692
927
35$1002055
during
1871-72.
For services
.DISTRICTS
51
99
99
51
98100
73289
$188
751
Paid
teachers
.
Treasurer's
commissions.
during1870–71.
STATE
COUNTY
AND
.FUNDS
15
22
68 6
40
58
89
899
22
997
10
1371
26
99
1927
0302
5
88*78070
20
765
7512457055
1420
115
71
074950$46
0415
3625
643848
224142
367
Balance due teach
832559115
42141
762
47
10638
0075
060036193
other than public funds.
. . . . .
Amount paid teachers from
4966
Aggregate amount paid
001
126
411
534
00160
3523010060
. . .
00
126
00
666
00
480
00186
5006713
2312
76615
10$10047697
50470
98 736
810
7739
48
772
00 752
765
00 772
001185
1461
00520
455
00
005186
800
00
00
001365
690
001
001326
975
51 15
1359
51
5715
00 73
835
65578
1249
0094 %77%
59663
3326
722
501391
1507
17
No. cts.on $ 100 asked
for bycounty board.
715 742
003$3213
50 712
4½
tax3
-7District
.for1872
Estimated yield of
district tax levied
by supervisors.
3—TABLE
ontinued
.CNo
by
O TOROR OTOr erer etop eeee No.cts. levied
supervisors.
H
138
00
0023623098
0045
3000
23
400000
00200
00160
00350
200
00
00500
001410
371124
87266
051673
00218
00275
01 0
00200
240
0037190
42
68$650763
160
SECOND ANNUAL REPORT OF THE
teachers from all sources.
ers and treasurers.
Balance unexpended .
.
.Lipps
.County
Gladeville
Robert
.. r son
Walke
county
Wise
Richm
. ond
Washington
.
County
00680
002802
322
001
00440
00680
680
00
00
875
003575
02
19301
467
03321
13
28434
65299
1822
416101
50702
1228
4595
90754
2685
1144
92
90
1017
90870
730
00
15993
1344
54
92
155
45465
38
09187
115
789511153
621
843177
1071
24
31
57456
567
31
23643
42270
1937
00
1575
002320
504872
1977
50
50
559
75
1513
001369
353900
458
60
70
2270
75
4196
00390
350
00
68305
229
37
23547
03
79495
275
60
417
00808
554
75
00765
1329
00
00230
220
Denbig
00
.. h
Stanle
00
300
. y
00
750
.Washington
County
county
001425
1953
. Abingdon
Goodson
. Glade
00
Spring
00
1585
Saltville
75
1374
. North
.Kinderhook
Fork
001480
1200
. County
00
75
9017
. count
Westmorela
nd
y
00
. Montross
Cople
.
001575
1125
.County
Warwick
county
Newport
.
. Cedarville
Fork
.Front
River
South
.
Royal
Cou
. llnty
Tazewe
cou
nty
Clear
.Fork.Jeffersonv
ille
Maiden
Spring
. County
.
county
Warren
. ville
New
.
Waverly
. Wakefield
344
001
1238
40
810
673708001
00440
360
001
003075
00575
00
525
00500
675
00
76275
15
1977
371
1814
70465
20
579
49
656
543
7751
658
09
612
27
613
78554
08
309
00
40468
257
22
75342
2544
20
232
90835
00
690
00
1200
757398
001374
1029
75
00750
001425
1680
00
7550559
1203
00458
1288
35
60
3509
220
0000
00230
300
501160
00
50745
25472
791
00
00320
387
9
25390
001795
1425
091613
3829
4833
00]
67810
3708
00947
45
702
00
567
29
95
754
90
2685
2117603
02
301
51
256
19
467
19
03434
321
22395
256
13299
62
427
28 1594258
82
651822
50
1228
0928187
115
92
45155
465
151
2019
541719
1493
92
90
901542
1090
00
1310
41
9176
64920
07
1445
88545
1297
184208
77
61
4991
93
1683
647
454815
291812
1495
39
60885
0859
487
87
584
201
576
302074
501049
1160
81
56 1
2731448
481
70
63
1335
6019126
43
30
7825401500
17 6
.*Including
fund
county
3598200
981
62
48118
127
463
54
4000
60006500
41523
44
207
35151
167
29.6123
315703
52
69
250
5870710
4617
843
19792338
256289
41
92
12311638
26
54
1479
39
22
76246881
14
361
14
361
589771
96
77241
154
7921
843
27
278
00628
00272
558
71
71
1458
49212
183
81358
97
38102
251
72
00
280
001588
00
480
00
556
00
272
21364
12
1039
8009
7310
8100
89
461
00524
150
91
84
346
00301750
50
81
842000
197
80/.
233
371634
116
00
175
001
00125150
95
205
9540
00
115
00
50
30373
19256
395
22
62258
427
821109
151
1711
791
116
371
001831
00
001425
1294
00720
1374
001200
0000
7844
92
155
00750
28115
187
09
35001369
60458
3900
001425
0929
1745
381663
5033
50
75559
1513
20
4085
1160
50
00
745
50
20522
832
00390
435
00
00
67810
3708
On
ON
Blackwat
. Countyer
.y
Sussex
count
Court
House
.
Creek
Stony
Henry
.
00
50
0025
4000
56
31
56
189
00120
50
367
00
43
008750
160
00
675
00
100
8000
00180
00150
100
650000
00100
00
325
09535
007500
150
7753
91
194
192
82
83
69
23542
61
628
00
84490
1660
00
156
00
165
00120
009000
898
00167
200
00
56706
158
18
SUPERINTENDENT OF PUBLIC INSTRUCTION.
161
NINANA
2
Promised teachers in
Bru
. ton
Nel
.Grason
. Poqfton
. uosop
.County
.Speedwell
York .County
county
.Wytheville
.Evansham
Lick
.Black
Wythe
county
Chiswell
.Fort
.DISTRICTS
72
396
50567
81
644
00832
745
00
31|
2789
12588
642063
95
595
85432
1019
96
6523855290
68
08294
196
31
1162
00
3413
474
47
40
530
29
961146
3366
11481
79
536
00
1550
003570
00
9455
$58562
95
652
$572662
70
07
State fund.
00
2460
County fund.
$100775
100
00
For services
during1871-72.
3083
601
80592
890
50
50721
80878
191067
602308
946779
001315
58955
57$1133
For services
362640
50567
81644
2572680701
477758
002100
001245
472628
00$100775010
Paid
.teachers
during1870–71.
for
Received
paying
teachers
treasurers
.and
Treasurer's
commissions.
Total.
the contracts.
STATE
COUNTY
AND
.FUNDS
Balance unexpended.
1373
2616165059
781
2664
72169
2913
Balance due teach
12
9601
231
.)00
Aggregate amt. paid teach
ers from all sources.
32044
50
00
305
95700$0
2
i
302
headings
Iistrict
the
No
nfter
dcities
sfor
fund
3NOTE
c,rofTable
”-acouncil
."“city
tax
ity
upervisors
ead
ounty
nd
15
1580701|
3125726 153
92136
.108
481
00242383
36'130
515670
30001550597
644
81
001245
53001696
941
00300
472928
531360
479118
| Nofor.cts
$ 100 asked
by,oncounty
board.
No. cts. levied by
supervisors.
010
0077500$1360
3160
001060
District
for1872
–7.tax
3
Estimated yield of
district tax levied
by supervisors.
TABLE
C—(.3No)ontinued
00935
00235
00200
00230
00270
884004
71789
17$694
00395
001596
00530
162
SECOND ANNUAL REPORT OF THE
Amount
paidpublic
teachers
other than
funds.from
ers and treasurers.
SUPERINTENDENT OF PUBLIC INSTRUCTION .
163
From other
23
2498
72
1498
ton
.Boiling
Spring
.
County
Leigh
.
Giles
. Jackson
.
.
County
county
Amelia
.
.County
Albemarle
county
.
Rivanna
.
Hall
White
00
502 120
58478
337
68
63
89272
1088
3480
63
272
89!1088
58
337
68
478
221
50
35
266
90
41
75
529
00100
36
282
36
502
00
120
00
250
95408
0071
.95
87
460
751
331498
79
1105
pairs.
40299
47
447
602865993937
9832
5000
17703062
55
274
37
245
0028295
12568
49
2594875
8201761
17
144
3662
50192
3840
00
50
0030
00!50000
130
00
800
0030
007436
40
58
2000
00
610
94
1081
00
120
0070
00
100
00
222
9800
67281400
1467
Treasurer's com ’is
041103
81
689903106
216
52
422
75100005
42
156
93
144
2000
74410
00
42
55
428
02 0
80
83505
1099
ForBoard
clerk of
pay ofof Trustees
931
124
58
438
globes and other
apparatus.
23
44
3000
135
64
64
105
For text-books for
indigent
and
otherchildr'n
expn 's.
45
153
0030
171
168
.. . ..
17
138
For furniture,maps
59
4175
492
56
49
1224
91
4654
850
001
82
697
04
1390
sources.
850
00
82
697
04
1390
. Samuel
Scottsville
. .Charlottesville 492
Miller
56
49
1224
.
County
91
4654
36
1677
. Alexandria
city
Alexandria
county
Jefferson
40
.
47299
. Washingt
Arlington
46447
751
on
. County
33
1498
.
county
.Alleghany 100
Clifton
. Coving
282
72
1498
Total Receipts.
92
468
641967
.
.Atlantic
.
Islands
Metompkin
Accomac
county
Pungoteague
.
Forrealestate,r'
building and nret,
92
468
641967
.
Lee
From district tax
during the year.
.
DISTRICTS
sions.
88
0710662
21723940
6163530001
7512
32
53
20935025
70
41
1477
3673
63
139
.
EXPENDED
FUNDS
DISTRICT
Total expended.
'D.
RECEIV
FUNDS
DISTRICT
Total indebtedness ofdis
trict.
Balance district fund un
expended.
68
478
82 174
104
71331
7816185.
110
295
994159
82
108
54
173
53354665
82293
18556
47
35420
277
65
31
39
79
307
771358
184
1386 3499
201
73
891316
39
201446
2729
93365
240
47
58
91 27439222
751 17
59420
1027
128
10
372
9682
41
1487
23
480
41
31
411115
383
Value ofmeans furnished
during the year,
with
outexpense
to district.
129821
441
203
451
885
82
129
00
41
Sept. 1st, 1871.
ool
177
00
177
0044
00
184
0040
00
100
00
264
00360
950
001574
950
000
150
Owned by district
00
00400
400
00
125
00125
. .
.
00
377
00
377
0010
1550
54102860
00
125
00125
00
1988
00
1100
37
109
00
825
00
500
2800
001460
0080
8000
School
of
Value
.property
Owned
district
Sept. by1st,1872.
Tabl
.4No e
164
SECOND ANNUAL REPORT OF THE
county
Amherst
.Courthouse
.
Temperance
.
Pedlar
.
County
county
Appomattox
.Southside
Stonewall
. Hill
. County
Clover
.
county
Augusta
.
Manor
Beverly
.The
Pastures
.Riverheads
.South
River
.North
Rlver
.Middle
River
.Staunton
.County
countyWarm
Bath
.
Springs
. Williamsville
Creek
Cedar
.
'.
Millboro
70
3592
93
6487
811
18 110
1265
35130
106
241821
32
00875
00
09150
330
00
09250
730
284
00
00
316
00
275
.Charlemont
Forest
.
.
County
county
Bland
.
Mechanicsburg
.
Seddon
.
Sharon
Rocky
Gap
.
.
County
county
Botetourt
.
Fincastle
.
Amsterdam
.
Buchanan
.
County
.
county
Brunswick
Totaro
.
.
Otter
00
100
81!
563
30
1119
141297
56
1253
14126
13
1194
41
247
40
410
77
720
2502
65
455
64
414
29
870
6197
171
61
000
117
16
432
4031
0
651
601
12
0515!
0473
912
40
25
181
89
1755
9743
00233
375
573 9
337
041
73
75656
495
42
542
1248
74
42
546
00
185
90
1285
25
274
00
200
73
4282
18
410
9019
1990
75
75906
1253
1500
481
183
8070
83
157
47
465
84
236
2314
85
430
8500
00
100
2000
00
13
00
218
400
21209500
57
160
14062
20
00
00
30
2475
7475
2533680028501
753200
161
00777200
50
491
110009400
00
82
56
50
27
00
43501650
94
126
0045
00
45
3328
571234
864
75
34
75
37
136
52
57
0070
0600
2700
40
109
40
272
50252000
14001
50
59
00
46
440044
00
326544501
00
63
00
50
15
324
000
300
3200
2500
57569924490
331000
273759
101424540
229124774124
56
124
47796552
5500
5500
0035
05412
05447
97505
13
49
0048
84
408
1000
1000
5065799
01178
750037
44
80128
89
69458
587
54
1873
923644
.
81l
563
2252
181265
35
106
24
130
876493110
81
00975
0
330
091500250
00
09
730
90
3669
52
00
100
00284
00100
316
0027500
141297
56
901253
3669
30
1119
13
1194
40410
41
247
14
126
18
410
73
4282
25
274
00200
80128
89
458
69
587
.
County
county
Bedford
42
542
Liberty
.
74
1248
.
Lisbon
421
546
.
Chamblis
sburg 185
00
.
Staunton
90
1285
.
Elon
051
11
10
110
5727
33583892
37601
615
117553 2
165
82 8
6829925
8400
2834865
169
1510
1184
664
. . .. . . . .
70900
413
054786904 9
474
418
8270
546414
776
58385
256
00
09
321
221
33
141
671
422
92
381428
2241
66751
367
64
38422
76874
88
98186
1066
19
417
59176
00
62
602500
153
97
9700
00 106
32261
1052
99'12649
67
00
25186
257
281618
2835
00
49
12
2846
167
57981
8597448
086692
118
2060
2011
335
46 69 800
1988
75
386
22
52
60
458
29567
69
108
52
3389
110
361
32
1821
.27
061
60
142
73919280
95400
9524106
272
10194
147
51
728375106
925
76
00
324
. 8
971
109
818812522
06
663
03
166
65
159
19229
19
108
5515324
317
44 9
65
00450
2250
00001
800
001000
00
250
00250
961457274
1000
34
748
00100
00500
34
248
00
800
0000300
2500
00
1400
00
820
00300
53
1849
53
729
30
708
30708
63
1877
881
970
63970
882192
1500
00
300
27754547
001332000
800
60005500
1000
... ...... . .
00
00300
300
60
432
60
1032
00150
00
970
00
120
00
300
00
550
00
00200
300
00
871055
62616
434
00
130
00150
1623200
00129
647500
0090
007370250
190
001
39400
267
00
00400
1260
510915050005000
00
00275300
00
285
SUPERINTENDENT OF PUBLIC INSTRUCTION.
165
From
tax
duringdistrict
the year.
From other
.
County
.Bowling
Green
.
County
Carroll
county
.
Creek
Pine
Madison
.
.
Royal
Port
.
Church
Reedy
Campbell
county
Rust
. .Brookbury
. ville
River
Otter
Senec
. aRiver
.FalliCounty
ng
.
county
Caroline
.James
River
County
.
Buckingham
county
..Maysville
Francisco
.
Curdsville
.
Marshall
.
River
Slate
.
.Garden
.
Lick
Sand
.County
Buchanan
county
Grundy
.
.
Oak
Red
68
38880
2785
58991
5899
46
3343
65
429
79786
85
1303
57
60559
263
159
79
86
419
5426
00
49
77
980
74164
12
133
68
880
392785
sources.
21
318
00783
50
803
12
133
79159
24
207
26
54
414900
603
Total Receipts .
... .. . . .. ....
04
295
00
470
851328
Forbuilding,and
realestate,r'nt,
re
463343
21
318
00803
783
50
65
57559
60
263
429
36377
791303
786
85
62
212
74
164
85
1328
-cont
county
'dBrunswick
04
295
.
Meherrin
00
470
.
DISTRICTS
60
991
27
5548148
184
99
85
467
39440
354
39
17135
68
67
51
129
89
194
26
50
501
103
0015
6279210
45537
1000500
82
212
6045
70
195
1712
2713
1575
1658
02452000
For text-books for
indigent child'n ,
and
other expn's.
29 5255
Forglobes,
furnituand
re,maps
other
apparatus.
48107368
00
ForBoard
pay ofofclerk
Trusof
02
138
91
126
33361000
96114062
137 97
91
34
25
22
60606
2000
1600
400
93
185
19ool
446020505000
707000
224
2000202
00
00265600
50005000
01
294
00
49
510050
0068
001351
62
00463400220
62
25002500
25007500
Treasurer's com ’is
sions.
pairs.
76
.
EXPENDED
FUNDS
DISTRICT
93
143
Balance district fund un
expended.
trict.
04
119
00
60
5825741 2500
85
25
23
315
1051
98505
02277
59
91588
214
13
286
81
6879194
16!258
49171
57/
022277
1076
95
62326
232
50260
526
41255
15
701058
32405
00150
00
745
10000.
00
120
00
125
5000l
111
125
98368985 23
00
5471 62 9614
0040
200
87
154
98
223
00
73 6
00130
100
081
15
35
34
00
150
85
108
00
150
85
108
during the year with
out expense to district.
11
151
20
Owned
Sept. by1st, district
1872.
283051250
Total indebtedness of dis
55
594
121443
311461
04
119
25
437
41
50
0049569
08105
50
192
65111
761096231
80
41
50
457
571023
34453540
Value ofmeans furnished
39 66441
36441117
19
66
3919
165
80
55342350
Totai expended .
'D.
RECEIV
FUNDS
DISTRICT
ofSchool
Value
47
50539
00108
120
|475
62500300
500030012000
585059975950
00
350
200
001
250
00
150
77
313
5000
00250
1177
200
00
400
85608
85
108
,
property
Owned
Sept. by1st, districts
1872.
tees.
No4-(Continued
.)TABLE
166
SECOND ANNUAL REPORT OF THE
-cont
county
'dCarroll
04
71
38274690
64
649
87
718
371928
81
3633
03625
03
625
332279
90
152
65
498 304
77
608
331103
21
437
60
389
76
596
54401
35
60926
398
54161
00
120
00
120
46
2619
00
42900
828
54
5097793
55711
50
3000314
00
865
6000
27008869
25
6559157
75
225
97381
90287
128
55231
79|
89091929
01
96
583
00689
93
2958
96
318
)
32
1095
735816
73
450
20498
00
1321
14
293
00250
14
43
*4
66
102
25
130
501
137
5011
00
126
52 0
4400
4650
5039
3039
4012180
95560
281
000
250
4881
2000
09
147
67
151982400
50
200
00156
03
469
75261103
86
67334224911
0018
0070
02162
6549
57
380
00102200
60 0V
2800
00202000
4000
3000110
00
007956
00
500014
333
5068
60005600
9600438
22
7822154
000
00
60
300
13
120
9835
09
176
81
247
13
57
3574
15
72
1550
65
41
IN
98
166
50742
01
510
75194576
8829
59
38
21109
00
110
9991
21
53
5600
77
110
45
49
23
49
1500
50181600
25
62
375
1871
96112854
1826
1790331076 9
10
9823293
087429152138
97
142
00
210
00
210
001092500
.. ....
4047
69164640
90
228
53
40
74
101
791
144
9$
5541
01
65
29
00288
19991735
48
501058
463
48
5915000238
3200670
17
259
18
1367
71
4429
.
6000!
00175
00
100
00
50
00
150
00
0050150
1500
00
538
00
125
8000
00115118
00
2100
18 20
00
!259
81
57329
172140
1001
1394
).19
97
565
636
377
.2178651
23
177584
89
41
7512
1684
03
04
44
40
25
458
51 50
138
603828
158
2129
56612
708
04 99.12 7056 8
60
06463
897
34
1083
35
926
48927360
7260238
68
151399
22
394
8891
48
1138
832394
772
44
18581870054
6079
583
96
75225
5375
161
59356
23
587
140259039
75802
28321200
1830
1990
81207
5006
58292131
505
15
21 1
: :
81
3633
72
281
•
77608
33
1103
76
596
35926
60
398
00120
00
120
54
401
54
161
79231
8909
01
1929
54
9750793
00
900
42
828
46
2619
455742
96
583
75
225
97
381
90287
128
55
20
1217
582469
63
1034
179
360
56
764
00
225
00
225
56179
00
56360
764
251170
1007
30
581095
2469
32
21
282
50
09
94
63
38 7104
212826394
15
095038
•
.
Jefferson
.Salem
.
Mountain
Cedar
Catalpa
. Stephensburg
. County
.Cumberland
county
.
Hamilton
.
Madison
Culpe. typery
coun
. Count
Simmonsville
.
Castle
New
.
County
county
Craig
.
Alleghany
.
.Chapel
.Battletow
n
.
Marsh
Long
Greenway
.
countyCounty
Clarke
Powhite
,.Chesterfield
county
.
Manchester
.
Midlothian
Matoaca
. .
Dale
.
Hill
. Clover
Bermuda
.
County
County
.
Charle
count
City
sy
Harrison
.
.
Tyler
.Chickahominy
.
County
county
Charlotte
Walton
.
. Roanoke
Bacon
.
.
Madison
.
Springs
Sulphur
.
Fork
Laurel
.Fancy
Gap
.
Gap
Piper
00
250
125
00300
00.
645
0000
395
25000
00498
00
498
00
275
642050
003799
64649
00
275
00
00550
2050
00
500
40
1900
001000
00
1400
001500
500
5100
000
001500
225
00
100
00675
00600
200
001
7500
5000
006560125623
325
0
20
50967500169
042023
7000
543140
00227
150
003007500
200
59866
584
71
002503212
SUPERINTENDENT OF PUBLIC INSTRUCTION .
167
A
From
tax
duringdistrict
the year.
Mount
.
. Vernon
Church
Falls
Providence
.
.
Dranesville
County
Fauq
cou.nty
uier
.Scott
Centre
. Marshall
.
Lee
.
.
Centreville
.Occupacia
.
County
Fairfax
county
.
Rappahannock
.
Central
258 84370
40
735
50
522
441178
56
767
1178
56767
50
522
0523
00
155
85
1063
50
200
00
80
901321
92
1205
pairs.
242091
15
24216
3737
223
93
70
478
00
32
50957300
26883
00
26200
1158
25
7500
25
55100
45
253
Forglobes,
furniture,maps
and other
15242091
216
24
3737
931205
223
92
478701
00
70328150
25359
77
1864
22
472
301033
25
77359
1864
00
70150
328
Rowanty
. Namozine
.
County
. county
Elizabeth
City
.
Chesapeake
Wythe
.
.
Southfield
.
Essex
countyCounty
77
602
801227
1046
221033
472
30
sources.
00150
95
611
From other
00
150
95611
Total receipts.
0045406
49
Forreal estate, r'nt,
building, and re
co.-cont
'dCumberland
771227
602
Randolph
.
80
.
County
Dinwiddie
county
1046
Darviils
.
.
Sappony
494500
406
.
DISTRICTS
For text-books for
2261
67
159
9600
61
90
50
407
76
93
206
91
123
77
351
90
4071019691
5098450
51701
141
2093
00
40
3800
39
00001028104
10
502660
11
363
156
230
141
112
361776 2
74651
62
03417
2
1173
50
2000
0080
00
112
1200
16
78
46
509
81224
42
50758
386
69
249
601814
343
66254
18
201
04748150
1652
29
00
96
17
2500366
1317
32698
22
1236
68
44
1400
00
115
00295
1400
09
150
70254
06
56
132
00
58204
06
150
69
479
50863855
53 5
3513300
300
00453500
5038
00
100
85
429
451750
48
185
77361806
Board of Trus
tees.
1326369
76
Balance district fund un
expended ,
06
745
For pay of clerk of
79 5
75
49
622000476064
22
132
5 20
indigent childr'n ,
and other expn 's.
25 01
112
50
41
345
Treasurer's com ’is
sions.
.
EXPENDED
FUNDS
DISTRICT
Totalexpended .
'D
RECEIV
FUNDS
DISTRICT
Total
trict.indebtedness of dis
00 ...... ...
450
92202
6610
73842
72
. . .
7700
00980
5000693
00
000060
100
00.
900
00
1100
00
318
00
3312
0085
89
3617
6122159
67
00300
00
378
800
5000700
1000
00
1900
00125
00250
50
00175
2950
1750
19700300
00400
00194
162
00791
659
84753
49882
84
491878
753
7800
. . . .... . .
Owned
Sept. by1st, district
1871.
Owned by district
out expense to district.
245441501 450
00
34663
902656 810
041089
914
00668
136
98
15
10717
1374
!787
09
88216
04364
841
7252
7252
91
211
91
211
Value
of means
furnished
during
the year,with
561731605430000
531008
ofSchool
Value
.property
Sept. 1st, 1872.
apparatus.
No4—(Continued
.)TABLE
168
SECOND ANNUAL REPORT OF THE
contd
-Fauquier
county
.
Rappahannock
. County
Abingdon
.
Ware
.
.
.
County
Gloucester
county
..
Petsworth
.Newport
.Back
Creek
Opequ
. onCount
y
Gilesty.
coun
Pearisbur
. . g
'sCreek
Walker
Pembroke
.
'.Gainesboro
Winche
ster
.
.Stonew
. all
.
Branch
Long
.Brown
Hill
.
County
Frederick
county
. Blackwater
Magodee
.
.Palmyra
Columbia
.
Union
Fork
. County
Cuningham
Franklin
county
.
Mount
Rocky
.Union
Creek
Snow
.
Hall
'sCreek
. .Gill
Bonbrook
Pluvanna
county
.
Grove
. Locust
Little
River
.Alum
Jacksonville
Ridge
. Indian
.
'sForkValley
.Burk
.
County
.
countyCounty
Floyd
Cedar
Run
.
68
280
82265
02
66201
1658
98
107
85
62
80)
129
63
300
08398
793
74
00
7102
78
3977
639
51
13
563
00421
1500
53
15
1226
0050
00
80
34
328
9719
7881
00
230
84
358
00
85
62
80
63300129
107
08
74793
398
82
02265
201
66
1658
781
003977
7105
18
563
53
424
511
639
15
1226
00
1500
3419
328
97
84
50008000358
46
399
8178220
00
46
311
8800
46
311
8800
46
311
20
386
168661
122
46
150
69
1193
89
3646
42205
242
84
68
280
71
897
8800
8661386201
16
122
461193
130
69
84
205
42
242
71
897
893646
9000
8040
8040
43190
132
20
5777
80
1151
15
82
73174
39
375
47
107
06
422
346
346
14
248
00
60
70
69
44118
96
159
07 0
735
11
134
1150
00
797
162351
124
2175
21751
06 0
36
246
61
115
7751
00
45
4500
53
266
0011
34
198
57191
1611
1252
1685
500
530
601377
64
77031
28800
1685
943
75-50
24466
9282207
993323
720019650
52507200
0020
50
134
50
114
02 0
2440
80
149
2000
61004240
41168
499
90
38)9261
93
90935
112
52
10
239
30 50
34
60
00
42
00
42
00
138
91443
00
70
30003800
00
112
3668
55
47
7400
5000
00
92
50130
00
60
50
228
43
342
3000
93675698
90
62
1490
40
39
64
288
50
160
74
177
31361013
20142
310098
50107728
65
44802050
930
92611920
444
2306
0430352
8788
129801
633
974
9810
062
51
31
2485050
9
11061
234382
12
68
9 3
1449
261
2824180
24 72
218301
2700
32111
OS
9667
12
380
15 3
65564
92
08401
1098
66
85342
296
32
454
86
108
204523
581
3670
64307
36
2581
36245
72593
199
14
60
78
58
04153
207
68 16
01193
1148
6
60
192
8562
671 513
124
50661
.
53
421
56189
0
43
28650
250
564350
108
9113874401
32
112
333
322
6835233794
50
04
9711
9458
20
820
8980
558061
969
8178117
68
41
497
54
320
898588211
27
61
78119
09
289
274
60
50
904
48
2833
84
147
80
155
6001
00
159
37272
28758462
0062
00
12
4400
7667
99
00100
00
100
00260
60
00
00415
000
130
7500
00 0
00100
125
00
00420
00800
760
00700
200
00
300
15
102
460
15
102
00200
00
00150
00100
100
00
00
450
00679
0035304
2500
1579
00504
2155
200
00300
1500
00
125
9000207
242
001
285
00200
90
42
00325
9000200
69
50242
1237
596
00566
80449
0001
116
0093
59
262
00
690
702
22382
00256
0000593
912
!72/38988
15|4215
72
004
95
807
44331
74317
00280
6210300
83
001025
00
462
20200
-70350
001195
1125
0
150
00
00
900
002618
SUPERINTENDENT OF PUBLIC INSTRUCTION .'
169
From district tax
.
County
during the year.
. .
Bank
Red
.
County
.
- County
county
Halifax
Bannister
.Staunton
Roanoke
. Meadsville
.
. armel
Creek
CBirch
.Mt
Black
Walnut
.
Greene
county
Stanardsville
.
.
Ruckersville
.
Monroe
.
County
Greensville
county
.
Belfield
.
Hicksford
.
Zion
Old
Town
.
Elk
.Creek
Wilson
.
.
.
Byrd
.
County
Grayson
county
.
Dover
Lickinghole
Goochland
county
.
DISTRICTS
14154
88
67149
1596
115
32
00
7375200
831596
149
671
14
154
00
7673200
32395
25
488
32
115
795 313
00
00
73
00313
32
25395
488
114000
57
328
57
100 195
00
00100
140
3300
57
195
100
00
57
328
65183
77
304
94
293
65183
77
304
94
36293
782
36782
00
33
56
731
2$
16723 340
20
| For real estate, rent,
building, and re
pairs.
20
56340
731
38$21679823
! From other sources.
For furniture, maps,
41'
105
6257501
5087990
571
379
1500
9144
16755191
3791700
00
40
4000
38 7
6637441
822675
533
1078
729620
288
837
33
54
33181000
6641
2600
50
23
932
$1 0
globes and other ap
paratus.
For text books for
indigent children ,
and
other expenses.
28
003066
5000
1430 0
77
56
77
56
99
129
0050
99
179
10
00
1000
00100
00
100
.
EXPENDED
FUNDS
DISTRICT
Treasurer's
commissions.
143492764
002055001700
00
002372
7810
2640
2600
0044
2600
0032100002 0
0073
00
239
83008300
00182$008
2000
6600
32 1
2095244
94 5
60
165
03 0
800
08 0
45
23
321388
152
891
20006056
37363
82106
192
67
66191
301
55
44
145
1756
29009888
63
491
9569
655
6693296
20
4455
56
167
0071
4412
00
500
77453
76
1349
139
13
212
75
427
03
216
66106
6+
165
1181
354
28195
57007800
57
301
00
220
54
138
unexpended.
43$434063 $92 141
31
Balance district fund
18
54
4071
50
914
81
Total indebtedness ofdistrict.
44$110731
TOTAL EXPENDED.
FUNDS
DISTRICT
TOTAL RECEIPTS.
.
RECEIVED
Value of means furnished
during the year, without
expense to district.
04
303
85
42
0
000034
134
6400036
1200
1200
0012
79
214
Owned
by 1st,1871.
District,
September
00
405
7500
0010
00
50
00
150
40008000
00
100
00
100
00200
00
40
00
280
4000
00880
00
350
00
1410
00
350
00180
00$12000050
Owned by District,
18000'
2000
160
00
25
539
3500
1675
00250
50
62
00
175
00
145
00100
00
245
5000
00
50
ofschool
Value
.property
September 1st, 1872.
clerk of
BoardpayofofTrustees.
| For
TABLE
CNo
.)4—(ontinued
170
SECOND ANNUAL REPORT OF THE
Henrico
county
- .County
445
52
00
0000400
75410
781600
28
107
001
600
53
2375
00329
701
1292
99
201
23
156
273 332
00
.
County
King
George
county
Shiloh
. Chotank
. .Passpa
tanzy
.county
County
QKing
& ueen
.
Newtown
.
.Stevensville
Vista
Buena
.King
County
county
William
.
Point
West
731
515
73
515
628
86
09
620
96
635
461
770
548
761
97
1728
75
409
91
1884
8860
96
403
70236
106
38
00100
21
384
76219
411
5304
1276
84100
1904206
72
00273
20
397
80170
00114
112
36
52
1330
7500
00410
4767
78107
1600
28
001
53600
2375
52
00445
400
00
329
701292
99
201
23
156
48273
00
332
96
635
911884
3005 3
08
534
88
01487
1325
86
628
09
620
.Horse
(newPasture
).Irisburg
1330
.
County
Highland
county
84
Blue
Grass
.
00170
112
Monte
..Stonewrey
114397
all
20
.
Isle
Wight
ofCounty
county
Newport
.
Hardy
. Windsor
.
County
.
James
City
county
80
Stone
House
.
72187
173
Powhatan
.
21
284
Jamestow
n
. Williams
761057
burg 411
.
49
.Brookland
Tuckahoe
.
.Fairfield
.
Varina
.
County
- Martinsville
county
Henry
. Leatherwood
.
Ridgeway
.
.
county
Hanover
Beaver
Dam
. .Allen
'sCreek
Ashland
.
Clay
. Henry
00
189
4553418
763
00
400
70
0676311
298
1009
33476
54111
233
381
00
5000338
00
52
001
52
101
244
247535104
00
115
90438
00
18560
1766
28
767
00261
41
357
9641
44
155
8800
7400
55141
58
1719412
32
571
367690
18
42
41
311
0050
41
251
1000
5637
5637
0010
856591
15 501
187
... ...
75
31
1725
1450
6915
15
69
6+
91
00
300
40657
722992
200041
9235
48
321
9736250
530
981539854
8162
.. . .. ... .
4552
0036
53
313
918262230
11
48
11·48
2000)
0078
00
220
75453
155
75
51
00
112
04
1500
00
11
2500
001763043200
87
108
15
228
75
254152
2815106
00
341
52
00
12
42507600
502600
156
36001
82
00
7091
00
60
00
50
1029
4930/3
2795284
5724
0811406054
600
3149
11882730
1806
1129955
429
1983
482
001871
38
603
26753
4919494
4802322151
308
142349098
20
109
38129
505
53
59
1703
16 145
1630
16580
90
617
28!
665
141314708
85
33
21
50
44
133
02 8
43
130
21
231
9870
7812
55
132
76205
76
205
. .... ... . ...
0056
27
931
97
411
911
647
28
570
41
207
46276391
40
2867
06
266
63
7815120
26465
93
248
72
224
00
75
07161
28
208
79921759
59
110
67
5620257
10489
1740
88
190
07175
241
28
45
204
99
2964
0750
90
1409
02
00601
904
44
318
50803
33
74
64
89138
162
00175
7611760
371
16
79
16
205
/57
2940
19
175
9000
00
304
00304
9000
06652500
4006
00
130
00904000
00500
00
300
00
200
00
1000
00
70
00
100015
20002500
00
285
00
0060225
00
790
00
160
00
230 100
160 140
00
00
1675
00
475
00
700
00500
8000
0030
25002500
1500
1500
35
1440
45
278
90
1161
115
2000
00
500
00
900
50938
50
2338
00311
400
70
56
26313
1025
00
303
0050
00
100
00
330
00
480
00
107
00
55
50
130
1500
001300
35
1276
00
560
35
3136
00300
00
458
00
0038100
SUPERINTENDENT OF PUBLIC INSTRUCTION .
171
From
duringdistrict
the year.tax
kooHou
Cou
Grertseing
.Spr
en
.
County
.Cyc.Jackson
.
County
Louisa
county
County
.
Loudoun
county
Leesbu
rg
. .Mt
Gilead
.Mercer
.,Lovettsville
.Jefferson
.
Run
Broad
. Rocky
Jonesville
.
Station
.Wbite
Shoals
.
Station
Yokum
(cont
William
'dKing
.
Acquinton
.Mangohic
.
County
Lancaster
county
White
Chapel
.
Mantua
. White
Stone
. County
county .
Lee
.
Hill
Rose
.
DISTRICT
From other sources.
25
144
56
1141
567224
9
58686:21033
790
22914
37
853367
441498
93
00899
1142
40
1244
23
1298
14+25
73509
87319
72
1072
12
213
3$5040
78419
011:275
790
58
22
1033
914
37
851
3367
68
629
25
144
1498
44
93
899
00
1142
401
1244
23!
1298
56
1141
56
7224
25
144
12213
73
509
87
72349
1072
78419
01
1276
50$310
For
real estate,
re
andrent,
building,
pairs.
TOTAL RECEIPTS.
For furniture, maps,
globes and other ap
311
402
0017136
78
94
44
21307
57
29
11'
484
78
119
561
714
09 6
2457
79
176
175
47
96
237
00!
458
06 0
06 0
0028117
271
29270030
80
05
232
0051
50
73
1615
26401
16561400
752177959
16
133
1618
00
24
00
160
549
paratus.
2407
661554
39
102
001239
375
701
Board of Trustees.
500
09
380
indigent
children,
and
other expenses.
7650
For text books for
00
116
721240
6+155
06
Treasurer's
commissions.
50$155
96$18
33253983 63 86132
For pay of clerk of
50
263
51799
39:2821
6
00635
24
00201
57821
1206
88420
50
4357
334
50
103
43
495
0
246$171
64
281448
89
0031
1585
23132178
16891215
101
041
2078
901
272743
523
00
477
237235728311
67
53
7058
731565
99
461475
980
3650
48
491143
822
38
1072
36
50
87107
96
511
86
822 202
246
57202210197
12 6
12 6
721
983
$30341
401
261
. ....
Balance district fund
unexpended.
08868 3
96$66
DISTRICT
FUNDS
EXPENDED
.
TOTAL EXPENDED.
FUNDS
DISTRICT
37128
437
95 8
00
200
00
200
65
149
Owned
by 1st,
District,
September
1871.
15$22
50127
Value of means furnished
during the year, without
expense to district.
33321
76
175
09
497
79
170
00
325
00
325
00
100
00
100
00
500
00
250
00165
00
1225
66
68
93
61
00160
150
00
40201
49
132
132
Totalindebtedness of
district.
101
161
12663
40
318
23509
95
9389
96354
7744
62
69
89
93
26
252
01
147
10525
38
82291158
00
400
00520
00
120
50292950
00
800
00
150
00700
00
1800
00
150
00
3650
00
200
00900
00
400
00
600
00
1200
00
350
01
394
18355
38
31
37
612
47 5
0039$ 7
300
ofschool
Value
.property
September 1st, 1872.
.
RECEIVED
Owned by District,
TABLE
C—(.4No)ontinued
172
SECOND ANNUAL REPORT OF THE
Lunenburg
county
3334409
461
2794
436
. County
Ann
Rapid
. Mecklenburg 1306
county
. Christiansville
Boydton
.
346986
134
Bluestone
.Creek
Flat
.
.
Hill
00
. South
Buckhorn
Palmer
81200
375
.'sSprings
00
400
. County
Clarksville
.
01
1180
Middlesex
county
41
331
.
Jamaica
Saluda
52
591
. Pinetop
30
.
23412
1335
County
.count
Montgyomery
Christiansburg 808
29
Blacksbur
46353
1035
. . yg
Alleghan
00
.
609
522809
.
Auburn
27
County
.
Nansemo
county
nd 180
00
.
Hole
Sleepy
42
.
Suffolk
93216
365
.
Chuckatuck
. Holy
Cypress
.
Neck
35
762
County
.y
count
Nelson
42
. .Massie
Lovingston
68278
205
'sMills
Lynchbur
city
.county
Madison g
Robertson
.
.
Dale
Locust
.
9833,830
90
171
43562
75
568
40341
114
26
ven
551929
Columbian 170
Grove
35
. .
County
Pleasa
.th nt
.RehoboGrove
Lochle
50
24
2450
50
136
35762
42
278
681
205
17001
10102
2850147
601
88
291
7628320
64
.*No
collected
tax
district
66001
051
35
2740
75108
75
138
98
109
3000
260076
115
21
347
00109
4695
36001
7525114
210
50
60
20
49
3623
060060
182
0046
38003155
83551400
3663
1300
05117
20004700
24117
29
132
89 0
525
67100
50
56107
7725172
98
457
53
212
91 1
8696
06- 0
004551
00
66
123
2750
00
50110
137
001002501 93
12
50
136
00180
42
216
93
365
81
1028
24
174
57
854
8330
86
3098
80
21
1257
2917
00044875
1783
2000
17 0
102685
80
200
2442
51
424
117425906
161
663
22
17
208
86345
00
255
5212400
2463
486408
65
413
6111
3751541
38
229
06254105
091
94178
35 31
79
238
551024
00
356
39
73404
2023
20
405
1270
39
19824
52
1212
5315534
4213914
!26084
39
85244
34
620
40
98l
3183
3803
34134
76 11401
9110
13
205
54
785
10211
6
5509
136
70
348
2436100
59|
6893
50
569
3316
2595
00
145
11
223
0038177
125
64
02338
641
63448535,100 1935
16
15188
119
791023
90169
19
712422520
7
9610336
03231
33
9297631600
2603665
7626 2171
17 7
157
683
503
399
77
29
35
77
001
360
00
360
34
29
14
580
00
212
2950210
007
001500
00
5850
00
70
00575
00
3000
00
00250
500
00
600
00
150
00225
00
130
5000475
674
5024
00505000
58001
00
50
00100
00
200
00
350
00
500
00
150
00
150
50
1771
00
400
951225
005044
1200
00
00202
325
95
675
00175
0000
432
00110
997
00
150
00
280
00
500
00
666
50
132
7500
54
218
77,03273
005·50
00
166
100
00
80
528
80
00420
27
00
20
251
500
2460
60194
00
3250100
9160
2000
2000
+
29
808
461035
00
356
52
27609
2809
23
1335
331
41
3052591
412
47121
297
11
4000586
21
89
0755
284
99
95166
506
127
63
69
86
34
134
501
375224
81
00
400
51
1204
64166
03
256
63
50
30
473
35840
733703553
7130,63204
71
25128
98
103
52
111
496
60
34409
33
27461
94436
1306
35
1929
90
171
43562
75
46568
114
26
55341
170
an
:
Lewist
. .Brown
'sSontore
SUPERINTENDENT OF PUBLIC INSTRUCTION .
173
From
duringdistrict
the year.tax
47
645
27622
1525
27
76
414
ico
.County
county
Lottsb
. .Heathsurg
ville
.Fairfields
.Wicom
37
1483
265
60
00
485
90458
273
87
76414
. Northumberland
County
.
Franktown
.Capeville
.
Eastville
furniture,
For
ap .
and othermaps,
globes
00
492
001000
371
1483
90
87273
458
60
265
00485
501
372
941
127
794
50338650
1500
26
434
2307
59
109
4596
93344
138
'
97
2479
5845
91
305
7990122
57
1043
50
58
00
144
6250
1000
31*874
83
56
82654351
3516
89
268
clerk of
ForBoardpayofofTrustees.
30017771
3606
$500
1635
indigent children ,
45
67
and other expenses.
93
12
1500
paratus.
76
414
0083287
50
2+940
91
4099
46355
3304
50
388
04
1113
67
618
00
600
00
419
50
102
For text books for
76
414
242656
27
1525
27645
622
47
97
563
68
1366
181
1697
84
6420
24
2656
00
300
59
57
$199645
60
09
51
172
08
532
From other sources .
08
532
005957
300
$100645
60
09
51
172
97681366
563
.Washington
18
'sCreek
.Tanner
841697
.Northampton
County
county 6420
.Black
Creek
.
County
Norfolk
.city
Norfolk
county
.
Branch
Western
.
Creek
Deep
.
Grove
Pleasant
.
Road
Butts
.Cumberla
's.StPeter nd
.Greenfield
. y
NewCounty
Kent
count
Ware
.Creek
(continued
)Nelson
.
DISTRICTS
TOTAL RECEIPTS.
Treasurer's
commissions.
7$00251
6
98
12
103
35001000
0030
3812
2000
3000
00
50
4000
002409200
0
0040001
183
280032 9
3952
00400
2200
531
970
459177
29
65
1880
9501
1619
87 3
1614
1470
627
843
.
EXPENDED
FUNDS
DISTRICT
TOTAL EXPENDED .
FUNDS
DISTRICT
For real estate, rent,
building, and re
pairs. .
.
RECEIVED
Balance district fund
unexpended.
500
79
225
255
42
60978
445
18
37
51
45671
4567
93488
07
607
06
1212
12
811107
5114
36877
27
822
24
2656
21
259
18
48
27532
40
19
23
214
09
414
62154
77
84589
1548
09
414
54
156
91
647
02
794
97
5574231
50
487
60
123
10
243
60
123
10
43
00
200
46
91
district.
8646
Total indebtedness of
59
47
77
528
8967
8967
$777203
728
Value
means
duringof the
year,furnished
without
46
386
8284
$822441
372
Owned
by 1st,
District,
September
1871.
00
250
00
150
00
100
001
109
00
00
69
001030
00$1657
50
50
506197 4
69
441
00
800
00
200
00
400
00
200
0035,000
501
110
50
110
Value
of
school
67
44840075
150
00
00
250
794
50
164
00
50
00
800
00850
00
00850
1150
00
321000
5581
00
50
32
931
0035,000
25
221
00
199
2225
00
500
.
property
Owned
by 1st,1872.
District,
September
4-Continued
No
.TABLE
174
SECOND ANNUAL REPORT OF THE
expense to district.
county
Bottoway
00
500
40
357
00300
32
3967
55
3728
151951
77
425
00433
17
217
47356
27
455
38
29253
1282
20
860
342
81
33
349
58
119
48
941
49
286790673
21
1019
.
Lockett
01
149
county
. Huguenot
Spencer
3553 4312
.
Macon
.
131
. Prince
County
Edward
county
27
495
.
Buffalo
63200
425
.
Hampden
12
.
Farmville
. Powhatan
city
Portsmouth
Count
. y
.
. Tunstall
Danville
. Callands
Pigg
.
Dan
.
.
Banister
city
g
.
Pittsylvan
county
ia
.ChathamStaunton
.
River
Petersbur
County
.
Page Works
county
Iron
.Shen
.
Marksville
Luray
. Springfield
. County
.
county
Patrick
Mayo
.
Dall
. Smith
.
.
Taylor
.
Gordon
.
County
.Bellefonte
.
Haytokah
.
County
county
Orange
.Madison
Barbour
.
67!
333
67
263
00
70
01
149
12
27495
63200
425
92
131
12
43
553728
53123568
151951
77
00433
425
7000
00
40500
357
00
300
674300
263
99
5017,733
38
253
291282
27
455
17356
217
47
211019
49
941
73
43960
2867
81349
342
33
58
119
48860
20
74
316
67
382
50
22
50161
00
112
2720
03
236
47
256
70
631
00
139
74201
00
541
40
14397
1140
5
5604
2511
622
7668
1175
29
44
7571510
65
291
65467500
00
170
500
76378
475
821277
1248
29112291
531
230
8022120
677735
971
71375
319
232173
296
0052
421232
471
10
407
36
90
181290
1695
94!8825549150
2690483200182
129
52
705320 1560637
280086
36
52722086
31705033300
40000
00
50
115000035
3000
00
62
4816
16229
10118
007700
42
4310
50002500
5751722
06111371668
873
4063
37448 1
16122 51
1026
00121000
73292297
5000
7200
.$6*I00nctuding
ofSuperintendent
forsalary
173
52
78
775
3940006779210
378
11759 0
86
8808116
55168535251
00337
029161
44640
14
300
081
75
60
91
39
50
33
98
442958173
00122
001
67
3728
55
548172
520
18121
308
001512
120
00 191
40
2000173
50280
4041
377
54
124640
72
44
46226
90270
5456
38
2508 73
881822
528
18363
37119
373
95
1306
62
013206
22
5217
2466
72100
102
02
66
639
40
130
22!3604
473
0020
58
192
58
212
... .....
00150
00
300
00
150
25
1654
00201800
250
75167
00
180
50
206
9000
80180
00
00
01
322
0030,000
00
750
12000
00
120
00
317
2812,516
69
169
169
69
50753045
723552
116
98!
104
64
35
00
50
00
150
0030
005637
200
87001
3000
50
263
137
50
00
401
5012
1250
90186
171298
61
54
652
1901
58
53
24000020395287001014
30
173
4701
90260
193113
60504579
209
75001159
1270
33 215
721163552
4530
5075
23
66
04
07389
323
061188
73
145
211458
36
77
146
2541
720
648
00
150
91981300
00
150
75
317
.
761
233
79246
30
798
9184
73280
195
22
132069
97342
250
78338541
4328
713
46701
73
707
94
659
Con
.
Blendon
2200
00303350
18693831388
00
931861050
83213
00
125
0013,11229671
95250
1977
00
50
0040
1500
2500
00
350
95
52
00
1445
0030,000
00
330
06773
00
250
00
48
00370
75
133
31
59
7500
00185
551732
00
62
00
420
616
00
696
55
SUPERINTENDENT OF PUBLIC INSTRUCTION . .
175
From
duringdistrict
the year.tax
04
6521
06491
06
491
35602
589
87
09
57568
1238
25480
3441
91
5$8824
91
1791
00
403
55
915
48
1248
33
458
480
833506
19
61
Hiwassee
.
61267
267
.
County
county
nock
Rappahan
13
320
Hampton
.
. .Newbern
Dublin
Prince
William
county
.Dumfries
Occoquan
.
Coles
. .Brentsvill
. .Gainesvil e
Manassas
Countley
Pulas.ty
coun
ki
.Leigh County
. Prince
George
county
Templ
eton
.
Rives
.
.Blan
d .Black
wate
.Brandonr
. Princess
County
Apne
county
. Seaboard
Pungo
. Kempsville
. County
.
Prince
cEdward
)( ontd
.
DISTRICTS
From other sources.
21600
00216
67848467
19936
13
320
5349
80589
488
35
51
87485
602
09250
568
001238
57575
00
252384
3257
62
82
406
911
480
75
045090
6737
53
49
61
267
61267
06491
06
491
51
164
219833513
97
41
06 0
00
78
58
0030
2878
0003
55
915
481
331248
458
833506
480
19
00431
0020
470
00877
300
58
236
78
2314
For real estate, rent,
29$58
04149
building,
pairs. and re
Forglobes
furniture,
and othermaps,
ap
paratus.
| For text books for
indigent
and
other children,
expenses.
88$51794
24 2$13 22960
91
For
clerk of
BoardpayofofTrustees.
Treasurer's
commissions.
60
4000
2500
00
100
00
100
00
136
0050
1200
240030001
2000
15
205
90+6900
1$2
753838751
44500031
00
605553
50
151
1550356
05
01
01257
257
0010
989371
314
79
43
3930
001
480
$136288
1024
793
3293000!8
0050
8557
369039173350
679557114008049312497
95*423
76287
4218
649
5506759
0710
1249
49$135880
.
EXPENDED
FUNDS
DISTRICT
TOTAL EXPENDED.
FUNDS
DISTRICT
TOTAL RECEIPTS.
.
RECEIVED
62
Balance district fund
272291
+184
32
32184
34
6378
253466
91
480
4784
29838329
71
567
19
0620143
423
96144
138
32
11
5218536
355
681
602
90424
51
815
54
412
54
412
556
Total indebtedness of
district.
24$7281
6
18
091
588
unexpended.
78
52
7852
126
$46448
39
1638
07
501
20
613
60
1234
28
47400
295
3044
Value
means
duringof the
year,furnished
without
2000
00
140
00400
00700
160
00
7000
99
50
50
169
expense to district.
00
215
00
100
00115
2000
2000
Owned
by 1st,
District,
September
1871.
75365
55
922
00
224
00112
00
112
00
345
00
195
00
150
40
227
Owned by District,
12001
001
100
00250
00
150
0000
471
400
48793
32
320
582221
236
38
00
1000
00
001000
00750
2750
0038
1200
001000
10000
0000750
2750
00500
584
00
001200
250
004100
0000
00700
7334
58
236
902277
32
320
00471
00
00400
850
5018500$100
school
of
Value
.property
September 1st, 1872.
No4—(Continued
.)TABLE
176
SECOND ANNUAL REPORT OF THE
75298
77264
364
49
23
74604
92221
497
46
1978
212508
67
463
45
317
.Plains
.
Linville
G.'sBrock
ap
.Massanuttin
.
County
county
Russell
.
Garden
New
.
Garden
Elk
Lebanon
.
.
Woods
Castle
.
Franklin
.Ashby
RunStonewall
Elk
.p*Iaid
,amt
collectors
ncluding
940
081
881
336
00
1035
001035
08
940
88
336
7888
354276
12
479
35597
6629
92
904
00
90
9000
77364
49
90264
2251
16
981
26
96446
428
59
524
09
65402
271
02
407
00
7896175
1292
041975
90
184
75101
04
138
86
194
00
150
20
49
50
684
35186
382
70
10
31
50
462
10
41
54
168
72
348
023317
50651
67
463
795267
74497
604
92
2329875
221
50
1206
66146
14
1615
338642,96624150
14
593
21
2508
45317
46
1978
881
2214
2561
75109
14
422
24
370
68896
20
76496
451
3035
20
237
00445
72
412
58
1329
0786
70
254
00
470
82
426
72
1557
92
904
78882966
35
4186
428
96
524
59
09
402
65
271
12
479
35
597
90
2251
Rockingham 891
county
Harrison
burg 16
.
.
Central
26
446
'sCreek
.South.Walker
River
.
County
.
Buffalo
.Natural
Bridge
'sCreek
.Kerr
county
Rockbridge
.
Lexington
county
.Catawba
.
Salem
. Cave
Lick
Big
Spring
.. 5267
79County
.
82426
24
68370
896
20451
496
76
70470
254
00
cRappabannock
)-( ontd
8607
Wakefield
.
.Jackson
.
Piedmont
.
Stonewall
721County
. 557
Richmond
county
.09
Stonewall
. Washington
Marshall
. . County
Farnham
.882214
86,26Richmond
. 416Roanoke
city
1358
60
8000
00298
401
4079431186
32
0015138
78
595
34575
219
5000
3634
25127
6576
32
10 000
9000
07162
45
52
35
18
85
448
5010
00
40
191
150
57280
5000
6658
15
39
31117
90547
2400303
55197
191
380
00156459
083398
145
0267231
222
96
184
30
142
48106
920337536022
0010,191
615000
47
396
+4210
-7;$2901870
.for1871
9620
2000
36212000
10316056100
700226
101
90
1600
1000
26 2400
00
123
0012
1000
0033
50
00
. . . . . . . . . .
18
64
278
5051
1322
1014
1357
49711 8
981
46 3
436071893
896
97673
54
1814
6896414931
1094
7443269
450
10
249
231
288
02
3207
80
7747343
9882
04219
83
6504540
72400
266
44
16
40981
243
15377
16171
344
68268
41
92
254
961642
225
28
79
1936
531589
43
483
13
4320
38
310
9459,141
57
49
635
26584
98
690
65
48
51
1105
55253
1852
68
78
05493
337
86209
202
92
75
153
5549
79
120
213853
590
59
227
68918
6624
947
3167707
92
7099
33
1015
56
217
781179
451
47496
260
22
77400
109
46
821
6836559
6115287
819
3611
90
82 .... 68
426
29
431489
7788
34243
10
469
1410
8544
1410
52 8
614
001000
09$19
200030005900
0020031 $23040
129
75228765
090
95
2750158
0025
383176233
6550
67
0040
1000
18361994
16 24
3853
33
269
80
230
1874
741667
00
1649
00175
03
503
03125
183
00
001385
00
450
00
450
00
500
001
300
00
50
00
200
00200
2500
00100
00
110
00
300
00250
150
00
.I ncluding
assessor
paid
amount
001
625
00
395
00250
00
609
00
00350
200
97
1891
0090
53
427
00
19
54
157
00
200
40
1000186
504000
761
00
1172
0050
00
200
00
740
00475
00
150
00
160
3200
00150
0020
1500
00
6600
00
2350
003000
00
500
00
750
,010000
00150
00
670
00670
00
00100450
00500
50
001224
132
20250
00260
00
200
00
150
001650
00
400
00400
00
700
. . . . . . . . . .
SUPERINTENDENT OF PUBLIC INSTRUCTION .
177
From district tax
during the year.
.County ah
Shenando
county
. Southampton
County
county
Franklin
. Jerusalem
. .
Berlin
.StClair.
. Rich
Marion
Valley
son
.Stone
.Davis wall
County
Smyth.
county
.Madiy son
.John
.Lee.Ashb
.Taylor
.
Powell
(cont
county
'd)Russell
.
Creek
Copper
.Moccasin
.
County
county
Scott
Estillville
.Fulkerson
Johnson
. De
Floyd
.
Kalb
.
DISTRICTS
8847
90
246
00
82728
425
261814
13
2190
00
39152
4156
90
2296
55
578
0
112
87
4 540
379
3 358
327
70
82.
425
8847
261814
13
2190
001
39152
4156
90
2296
70
358
55578
87
540
43379
35
327
101631
00
112
90246
58
283
58
283
101631
23
440
2
440
153
2613
507
26
507
TOTAL RECEIPTS.
50$3239
22
99
From other sources.
13
153
building, and re
37
3779
For real estate, rent,
$350239
22
3799
3779
For
furniture,
globesand
othermaps,
ap
00578
728
70
60
2644
67
1608
93
1035
4584262
21
86
871
1650
80
144
80
144
8910
83
196
00
49
25
2955
52
311
176
63
67
234
26758715
paratus.
3992
2092
1900
For text books for
1600
1600
11
1035
69$1427228
84
pay of clerk of
For
Board of Trustees.
14
05
39
1483
95
307
26
211
56
124
6560
42
401
25
61
74
38
02 229
51
38
7340
2000
17
143
92 5
2431
18
1054
0
96$ 7
3500295
36
42495000
130
00
05)170
75
101
00
75
2245
20
199
052300
52
10001500
10006000
0166000
3600
002600
198
29004000
17
134
$22
00
Treasurer's
commissions.
2523
19675539
605631 4
96
34
534364622
163
5632
1323
1694740
63$4244
82
53
1415460
.
EXPENDED
FUNDS
DISTRICT
TOTAL EXPENDED.
FUNDS
DISTRICT
.RECEIVED
Balance district fund
unexpended.
85300
35
342
73
34292
226
86403
61
1686
411847
1513
78
588939
3450
8847645
20
14
144
615
708162
822410618
22
138
21
241
10
00
1000
Value of means furnished
5475
7 25
00
50
3462361
00
610
00
350
132
00
69
174
25400
1417
20
1117
28100
64
220
90
269
166522
461
$19057
54
143
82
2260
Total indebtedness district.
of
691
434
94
62
453
41
8778
02 0
1384
8791
33170
4610!
)
46
1518
60$1963664
Owned
by District,
September 1st, 1871.
001
150
887500
47
00250
00400
100
00
00
50
602
50
250
$40000
00
500
00
2600
00
600
00100
00
175
00202000
00
500
00600
00
100
00
3199
00
100
70753
001325
00
1800
007000
3195
00
150
0049
00
1100
00
700
00
1200
00500
00
650
00
150
00
2100
00$3400
00
00
ofschool
. Value
ty
proper
Owned
by 1st,
District,
September
1872.
indigent
children,
and
other expenses.
pairs.
4—(Continued
No
.)TABLE
178
SECOND ANNUAL REPORT OF THE
during
year, without
expense the
to district.
73
355
04480
06
276
37
769
county
Warren
.
River
South
26934122
23
601609
OC
1650
3149
1072
.
Royal
Front
. .Cedarville
Fork
.
County
49361
43
388
322
62
924
37195
8
221
49
288
93218
411
40
401
41
71263
82
53102
366
Tazewell
.('learcounty
Fork
Jeffersonville
. County
Spring
Maiden
.
..
.Waverly
. County
Wakefield
.
House
. Court
Creek
Stony
.Henry
.
Newville
county
Sussex
.Blackwater
.County
.
Cobham
county
.Surry
Guilford
.
County
.AquiaRock
.
Hill
.
Hartwood
.
Falmouth
county
Stafford
652265
Spotsylvania 209
county
76164
.
Livingston
s.'
9505201
380
. Chancellor
Courtland
44
.
Berkeley
Fredericksburg
03
.
23609
1565
.
County
's.Newsom
.
County
Drewrysville
's.Boykin
05 0
500
8847
9326
234122
371609
769
60
001650
62924
49388
361
43
49
31322
1072
83
221
93
218
37195
49
288
41401
41
401
5382107
371
71
263
03
609
231565
726
36
3034
061231
99
1452
31
350
00
376
00175
9550
00
67
3850
45
175
45
175
263941
150
87
108
149
78
41
148
09
269
58
109
76
209
05164
95
44380
201
20
689
00
100
1050).
12
2354
06
276
73480
355
04
25
236
25
116
00
120
0012
3600
12001200
2785
09 0
1885
1661
16
61
25
50
16
311
66
336
1650
6768366
85
662574052
063223
121
13271
40004883
7616
8632
68
174
83
46
8093
00
20
6093
38
86
41
14289
155
51
15479358
00
52
0063
629
4311492
06 4
431
12
11
41
5000
3000
3000
100012118112
11
434
00
100
11
174
00160
00
151
00257000
18003800
002666002500
11700
29
146
1150
7024105
095.00
265258989
1746
2772
68 5
656
65856
196688
000038
103
87
3864
458367
1685
331663
432
42
89
157
23
241
6351209
608
70
853
48255
82
57197
83162
237
68
373
322
68
260025
00
37340
101
87
470 239
50
48207
73
603
14
1661
05
216
250 383
40
83
121
64
103
9264175
1278
6500
0075
00
267
4200
50005000
421
443
9900
1233
64
51
806412
129
959
98
58112
463
6014700
203
9286
80322111
01
33
2124
3066645
530
8718
5713
00351212
44
230
00120
2044
1800
00
60
00
12
0064
2500
8900
7511
75
381
5000
00
0020300
78
115
1629
751
54
533
47
8000
6500
00
341
00151
00
250
25005500
00
390
9000
00
85
00215
50
40
0045
50
85
00
992
250
75
35
500
35
450
00
50
00
150
00
150
00
275
55
3491
06
1351
451685
04
455
00
184
0025
00900
150
16
61
00
300
00
300
0000
120
00300150
00
00300
870
00
100
20953
SUPERINTENDENT OF PUBLIC INSTRUCTION .
179
From
duringdistrict
the year.tax
00200
00
150
00
00180
200
7500
$45127
13
254
19
83296
977
From other sources.
.
.Gladeville
.
Robertson
.
Walker
.
Lipps
.
County
county
Wise
Richmond
26149
21
642
3071
127
91
346057
216
00805
county
Westmoreland
2899
456
Cople
. Montross
112
.
07
.Washington
34461
1030
.
County
.Kinderhook
County
.
.
Spring
Glade
.Saltville
.
Fork
North
. Abingdon
.
Washington
county
Goodson
Newpo
rt
.
.Denbig
.Stanle
y hCounty
.
Warwick
county
.
DISTRIOTS
30127
9171
26
149
21
642
345760
216
6441
2691
66
79
17
306
86371
73
7941
377
38
791
28112
456
99
07
34461
1030
8800
00
63
1000
1500
393$ 87
8336
75
570
00
100
90
911
pairs.
7500106
90
building, and re
106
90
00200
180
00
00150
200
00
83
977
19
296
51$4254
27
13
For
furniture,
maps,
globes
and other
ap
90
106
TOTAL RECEIPTS.
For text books for
7445
8667623
5600
002000$36
For pay of clerk of
indigent children ,
and other expenses.
60
... . . . .
31 4
06605872
763769620
5778
4600
00
99
845000
123
36254153
49$341352
Treasurer's
commissions.
76561200
0
40
137
543
27951
3 924561
50742731
969303
368
44568
168
817
48457
82
07104
37461
1023
605264405192
055623
273
4790
817
0021
44
374
0054
7610620
546
78
134
17
64
78137
95
201
Total indebtedness ofdistrict.
256553 84 138
61
75
00656522
00
125
158
41
27
812
1868
904$1899663
505
Balance district fund
unexpended.
$805621
800
317600605 081
53
69
0018
53
51
08 0
100000
82
1000
001614OU2400
002023004300
.
EXPENDED
FUNDS
DISTRICT
TOTAL EXPENDED.
FUNDS
DISTRICT
For real estate, rent,
.
RECEIVED
Value of means furnished
during the year, without
expense to district.
3639
$36 39 $ .......
Owned
by 1st,
District,
September
1871.
00100
00
1600
00150
00
1000
00150
200
00
90106
90
106
Owned by District,
0050
004000
00175
465
00
100
00365
00
200
00
250
003150
00
115
00
150
001
00500200
00500
00
00200
1500
00
400
00300
001500
300
00
00
500
00
400
00882
00
200
00
282
00500
00
250
00
3325
001500
00
250
00
625
00200
00$400
7500
00100
00
575
ofschool
Value
.property
September 1st, 1872.
Board of Trustees.
paratus.
No4—(Continued
.)TABLE
180
SECOND ANNUAL REPORT OF THE
.
.Nelson
Grafton
York
county
Bruton
. .Poquos
. oD
County
.....
.
Lick
Black
.Speedwell
.
County
Wytheville
.
.Evansham
Wyzhe
county
.
Chiswell
Fort
75
403
08156
95
249
571006
196
35
25364
11
113
.04
81516
275
62.260
00719
8300260
1988
08156
95
249
571
196
351
1006
75
403
25
364
11
113
62979
816
0451275
83
2248
278
50
7979
65
152
13413
1150
821
50
588
15
20105
7501
608
329320001
3331
45225
87
39
0143727
133
93
107
0823
00
55
8684949219
534
49
208
25701
57
65
311
78
51
051
40
78002200
1600
002020001
5000152
32
33668331
213339001
753988
2417)360
1081
96156017827
11599
3
184
25
70
198
43136
123
60
829
90!
371
17
116
51
719
65150
95275
1446
8549
ithe
4aheInistrict
No
Table
headings
.rof"dcities
fter
nstead
ead
,”city
58321938
5152
457297
176
86233
124
8701
537
00
180
5680
5680
50
317
501
317
00
170
00
621
001503
8000
0000582
330
87
41
87
41
5000
00
50
1908
95185
4187125
00
450
00
150
00
900
00
130
0045
00
125
00
SUPERINTENDENT OF PUBLIC INSTRUCTION .
181
.
Campbell
.
Caroline
.
Carroll
. Charles
City
.1639
78
Charlotte
Buckingham
Bland
.
Botetourt
.
.
Brunswick
. 956
2Buchanan
57
.
Bedford
ia
. Amherst
.
.95
Appomattox
. 2995
Augusta
. .
Bath
*
.
Amel
64$Acco
087 mac
26
. 505
00
Albem
. arle
830
Alexandria
city
.79
33414
51
! 740
Alexandria
.901897
. 158
14
Alleghanycounty
.
CITIES
AND
From State Fund.
COUNTIES
From County Fund.
4502
54
191
6191
00
5255
00
4510
47
928
08
5081
23
1617
From District Fund.
136071
25
2981
916
53
4552
571
061829
4472
85
768022
48
9345
169154
7892
98
661874
1855
50
984115
977
84
69
8787
From other than
207
81
23
275
4429
211
01
1076
00
1438
400
00
23
$480
89
3499
20
2729
82
1359
71
331
45
885
04
663
95
272
39
6349
99
566
16
2916
54
776
98
2240
55
34
322
10,942
ool
401
Owned by districts,
01
1915
35
5248
00
538
4544
55
22
3068
65
111
.10
6614
00
)745
,141
10
75
!12
14
6813
00
120
4506
70
,175
10
60
1632
49
,963
29
63
266245
90!3268
46
1545
00
50
,697
21
00
1734
30
50621
2037
7781
9884
50
86
3415
50
526
44
2475
27177
6156
00
2684
49
7423,274
49$,01 172
Owned by districts,
Sept. 1, 1872.
108
50
00
645
227
541
00
475
00
168
88
970
250
00
000
2250
00
10
$
37
109
825
00
00
125
71866
3140
70
85608
77
313
00
625
47
539
133
00
,
96
145
63
2192
30
708
53
1849
00
2500
34
748
00
377
101
54
80
00
00
1100
00
125
00
1988
School
of
Property
.Value
| Whole cost of public educa
64
105
45
001
350
00
350
350
00
00
350
50
132
350
00
88
212
00
350
00
350
00
350
350
00
20
187
98
92
14
92
108
00'14
350
90
00
001
187
00
265
00
350
25
220
00
350
00
72
16454
00
350
50
202
150
00
$250
00
Salary
County
of
Superin
tion per month , per pupil
001
250
$350
001
350
00
.
tendent
From County Fund.
WHOLE
AMOUNT
PUBLIC
FOR
EDUCATION
.EXPENDED
enrolled .
From State Fund.
TOTAL
Public Funds.
.5
No
Table
182
SECOND ANNUAL REPORT OF THE
Sept. 1, 1871.
.
Chesterfield
Lunenburg
. Lynchburg
.!
city
Louisa
.
King
George
.
.
William
King
Lancaster
.
Lee
..
Loudoun
.
.Isle
ofWight
James
City
.
&Queen
.King
.
Henry
. .
Highland
.
Goochland
.*
Grayson
.
Greene
.
Greensville
.
Halifax
.
Hanover
.
Henrico
.
Frederick
Giles
.
Gloucester
Essex
.
Fairfax
.
Fauquier
.
Floyd
.
Fluvanna
.
Franklin
Elizabeth
.City
Clarke
.
Craig
.*. Culpeper
..
.
Cumberland
Dinwiddie
.
771
3278
42
4997
3646
56
2535
00
43
2133
12
8260
03
6439
5798
67
40
5353
68
1596
20
3911
17
1669
00
3010
64
2302
1708
43
83
9139
50
5647
265095
54
2474
31
3355
51
4467
75
4319
83
971
1934
44
.:3070
62
35
3963
731
5812
86
4720
47
3561
76
7615
4788
69
621
3318
50
759
3910
51
46,641
731
3204
291
65
5663
901
89
30,895
9261
,02133
0011
485
001
6261
00
810
,075
11
00
84285
64
6108
001
1215
74
3077
001
1000
70
5670
08
4169
04
419
325242
19
3518
84
3263
48
009685
1225
,455
21
00
644
95
59
8720
00
500
49
5040
00
350
'1314
80
,44615
73
58
00
705
4407
43
7858
00
260
82
6009
752610
8066
00
36
3731
401
1865
05
3394
00
350
71
601
32
,1564
11
00·631723
935
01
006127
475
72
4789
12,237
501
391707
,652
7411
26
7173
00
550
77
8520
47
596
39
8432
10,41319
00
1880
0011,976
2375
041
67
6364
00
225
23
1468
2556
1131
93
948
94
1703
65
00
900
1728
97
71
1210
983
19
50842
287
91
50
36
00
150
56
367224
7148
901
172078
1144
1393
93
2964
182027
99
24755
266
06
1408
38
803
501
3090
00
1272
83
661
50
85
2290
2581
36
31
1122
1148
04
00
80
12
00380
3863
238
20954
11
354
61
39
782
56328
565
57
18279
1056
44
2656
03
3746
89
12
2093
858
51
1043
891
238
58
3870
05
251750
1893
45
469
001
69
2000
1864
771852
80
741
9911
977
401
1173
3391
61
44
4277
1929
881
1975
]
01
131037
462619
.
151
5696
2483
08
. . ."
32,500
!00l
00550
29
50
1675
00
8000
351440
1500
180
00
504
00
593
00
596
44
207
00
001
1750
655
00
000
500
00
350
317
00
511
282
00
1800
328
00
00
350
00
350
00350
00
210
236
00
00
125
00
350
00
145
20
251
520
003650
001
001
480
26
1025
501
2338
37
612
01
394
25539
00
458
35
3136
501
130
00
107
00
334
350
000
00
350
00
350
00
350
00
350
00
100
·50
00
299
00
00
287
00
350
00
208
243
00
00
340
73
348
325
00
63
310
00
350
00
350
001
350
284
00
00
325
50
186
001
350
50188
15
102
00
1579
1237
50
242
90
002618
00
4807
00
378
00
2950
00
791
89
3617
84
882
64
3799
250
00
000
2050
753
49
001
600
00
5100
1500
00
200
00
146
68
88
75
:18
001
350
100
000
001 118
1000
10
339
00
150
00
175
001
230
49
64
75
51
001
156
350
00
50
229
135
00
00
50
00
350
00
150
70
52
00
80
00
275
50
145
00
350
00
250
285
601
00
190
00
350
SUPERINTENDENT OF PUBLIC INSTRUCTION .
183
CO
1000
1484
871
131
4874
04
5199
165070
26
1483
68
4395
1462
87
5495
79
Edwaerd
Princ
k Peter
city
. sburg
Pitts
.. ylvania
Portsmouth
Powh
. atan
9372
77
58
2665
001
2618
3288
00
2841
10
6591
90
1363
58
46
1334
83
2540
92
9638
41
5983
11
2667
00
1900
501
2055
86.3953
592
09
68
8180
82
2667
7$ 34
51
3$ 026
65
From County Fund.
30
4591
2575
00
North
. umberland2122
61
Nott
oway
.
54
2561
Oran
ge
07
3626
.
75
2764
*.Page
.Patric
Norfo
city
. lk
Norfo
count
y
. lk
North
. ampton
Meckl
. esexenburg
Middl
. Mont
. gomery
Nans
. emond
Nelso
n
. New
.
Kent
Madi
. son
.
CITIES
AND
COUNTIES
From State Fund.
From other than
Public Funds.
3728
55
26
730
1638
391
53
3419
2867
43
43
713
06
1188
83
1007
00
44
38531
24
2656
11
5115
413
65
!
37
441
$69765
401
981
56
1291
202373
TAL .
700
00
ool
215
002000
25
3334
1000
00
00
120
50
891
50
133
50
727
00
5975
1321
00
00
109
500
00
1037
00
150375
AMOUNT
EXPENDED
FOR
PUBLIC
EDUCATION
.WHOLE
Owned by Districts,
Sept. 1, 1871.
6613
64
10
2841
4427
$13
068977
.355
12
47
,587
11
69
62
7424
.. .
From State Fund.
06773
30,082182003000
00
96250
109
9522
1977
61
120013,2241009671
100
26186
5948
93
_1388
83
6591
891
001
38
185
501
60
700
32
35
00
,015
,1800
13
731
32
5581
0001
00
2619
00
200
44
69
44
3130
44
847
05
556926
1732
00
401
46322
6565
00
370
01
$60066
00
997
43
00
350
953776
1225
1771
50
50
136
00
500
64
2123
25110
221
00
350
00
00
205
00
349
200
00
319
00
00
350
00
305
00
350
350
00
00
350
50
125
00
315
00
350
001
197
30
254
350
00
00
350
.
tendent
From County Fund.
From District Fund.
TABLE
No
.)(C5—ontinued
tion per month , per pupil
öl enrolled.
A | Whole cost of public educa
000
200
)350
00
00
720
30
254
00140
00
125
600
00
000
350
00
350
30
57
85
105
88
71
58
82
65
123
01 1
81 9
356 72
001
47
301
270
$100
001
Value
Sohool
SProperty
.| alary
ofCounty
Superin
184
SECOND ANNUAL REPORT OF THE
Owned by Districts,
Sept. 1, 1872.
.Russell
Wise
.
Wythe
.
York
.
.
Westmoreland
Warwick
.
Washington
.
.Warr..en.. ... ... ..
.Surry
.Sussex
.Tazewell
.Stafford
Sou
. tha
Spo
. tsylvamptniaon
.Shenandoah
Smy
. th
Sco
. tt
3359
60
33
2448
1979
65
45
465
41
6101
00
2575
88
2874
2467
201
36
4466
59
2082
2214
15
4915
20
01
4733
4844
27
49
5853
55
2843
77
4649
58
5943
7856
36
Roc
. kbridge
Roc
. kingham
.
Pul
. aski
.Rappahannock
Riychmond
.cit
Ri
cou
.] chntymond
Ro
. anoke
631
2407
1837
401
471
3088
00
2781
2974
06
,11522
44
801
2211
81
3149
ncess
.Anne
Pri
Wil
liam
. nce
Pri
Ge
.Priorncege
821
2107
|
66
704
50
3132
001
3078
65
1978
382
68
73
1196
52
1346
52
1494
391
2002
37
2164
07
2607
1708
13
41
1516
00
2701
02
1554
28
1118
44
3089
89
4727
31
3919
537
46
1043
371
369
16
1708
83
829
901
401
41
853
70
608
83
3963
87
812
27
366
53
1278
92
361592
831
2980
2251
90
3504
68
1518
46
1631
16
1686
61
3450
58
)1803
40
3000
791
116
001
300
00
175
45
291
992
00
00
165
50
602
00
1375
50
2612
47
1199
OC
2600
001
8429
00
2780
00
200
00
1500
89
2689
50
853
..... .!
4310
13
3248
741
412
54
6378
32
222
00
1489
43
,789
35
25
1179
57
74
5614
7954
56
08
4110
64
3960
2414,527
23
)
8768
4509
65
,329
13
38
,709
3523
89
8393
Note
-Iistrict
nnstead
headings
the
Table
fter
ounty
doficities
nd
”r“"c,.5aNo
ead
city
351
500
17
7923
55
3491
1277
72
00575
100
00
,013
10
87
00
3325
3150
001
365
37
3618
00
882
83
3360
00
1500
465
,050
10
02
00
0004
900
44012
95
185
871
|1
89
184
00
16
61
3199
00
27
707776
953
00
275
00
870
008514
150
10
00
300
7011,513
20003195
670
00
00
6600
,904
15
20
00
625
1172
97
1891
00
2100
00650
600
93
7077
001
7764
191
381
2221
901
2277
071
3958
00
001
2750
,87334
11
70
00250
0036
001224
132
51
6217
450
52
11
00100
,069
150
| 00
187
001
350
00
142
50
350
00
50
00
350
00
125
00
342
50
350
00
350
00
330
00
333
85
350
00
350
00
350
00
00
318
350
00
245
00
350
001
181
701
249
00
248
00
225
00
104
01 8
21 3
00
150
79
00350
64
110
0050
00
350
51
111
001
156
125 121
00
00350 8775
00
200
00
350
00
120
00320
00
350
1650
00
7500
00
120
107
146
001
225
SUPERINTENDENT OF PUBLIC INSTRUCTION
185
.
. !: :. : E Average 20
0070700 N8 : Foi: EsDovorn
pupils.
.
Chesterfield
Charlotte
.
Carroll
.
.
City
Charles
.Alleghany
Amelia
.
.
Amhers
t
Appomattox
Augusta
.
Ba
. th
.
Bedford
Bland
.
.
Botetourt
Brunswick
Buchanan
.
Buckingham
.
Campbell
.
Caroline
Alexand
ria
.cityAlexand
,county ria
.Albeinarle
Accoma
c
.
.
CITIES
AND
10
2
.needed
Number enrolled.
Average age.
5.110
1,295
1,313
,51 80
2,125
532
|2,176
,61 42
439
1,050
,31 75
1,737
1,945
/2,394
,394
2,133
920
300
1,737
500
,23 54
842
1,879
177
,198
730
4,303
874
372
314
871
983
459
396
,01 33
1,423
983
4,992
188
3,854
1,098
1,986
1,291
1,793
,82 70
Reading
,240
3,021
11.05
11
Spelling.
,81 72 12
.5
11
1,822 11
4,2 85 11
534 11
2,1 95
.2111
895
1,485
,05 46 12
278 13
4,170 11
1,235
.8117
2,044
.58
12
983
1,423
2,249
.36
10
,13 24 12
983 10
463
5.120
396
1,033
687
|2,137
285
,21 97
953
748
893
628
95
1,643
562
2, 47
249
615
982
519
3,311
152
1,876
2,116
428
233
613
381
1, 46
386
606
1,073
721
,03 11
140
1,979
383
849
251
226
480
756
1, 90
,12 34
848
251
Arithmetic.
1,347
.
STUDYING
NUMBER
.
PUPILS
ammar.
.SCHOOLS
yet
Number
.6
No
Table
925
798
236
172
383
60
982
201
856
202
320
579
426
68
103
196
263
422
197
973
34
890
242
641
219
273
243
,11 48
167
131
245
337
94
96
242
340
370
860
507
705
302
Other
290
Geography.
C• OUNTIES
5 2008 Number opened.
US
go
Average
pupils. 15
CCO SAVON EO CO O O Gooi : :
E
27
No. supplied with
153
19
264
96
14
1
452
60
22
100
187
186
106
22
15
111
186
SECOND ANNUAL REPORT OF THE
text-books by dis
tricts.
Branches.
Writing.
n
Frederic
k
.
Lancast
er
.
Loudou
n
.
urg
.Lunenb
Lynchb
urg
city
.
Madison
.
.
Louisa
..Lee
.King
George
William
King
Highlan
d
. Isle
of.
Wight
James
.city
ueen
.&QKing
.Grayson
Greene
. Greensville
.
.
Halifax
.Hanover
.
Henrico
Henry
.
.Goochland
.Giles Gloucester
.
.
Fairfax
.
Fauquie
r
.
Floyd
.
.Fluvanna
Frankli
Essex
.
.Elizabeth
city
.Dinwiddie
Orca O HA CONO
vi onori i cow ni O O BOOTH A WOWOTNO
. ke
Clar
Craig
. Culpepe
r
. .Cumberl
and
|
21, 47
770
493
1,039
655
1,722
2,566
2,186
990
.57960
11
405
538
755
485
924
576
330
785
2,908
110, 15
.14
12
11
658
.9899
10
2
.2764
10
3,311
.521
9
3,212
. 10
2,21217
927
12
11
313
372
274
448
324
190
374
769
2,160
750
428
979
408
493
312
564
930
546
,71 43
751
1,020
859
|1,050
,42 01
1,216
2,805
,92 85
1,906
927
1,247
452
·1,026
592
364
232
870
353
,11 50
1,331
553
439
1,228
831
424
668
585
784
179
120
1,520
891
696
546
443
1,408
971
621
178
130
240
105
132
129
390
779
407
222
467
127
137
188
61
296
360
987
550
402
304
195
340
98
218
186
275
151
581
518
327
300
359
52
392
458
523
122
533
152
762
1,095
686
1,800
428
785
565
237
622
483
1,299
,211199
11
,51 00
804
1,345
1,717
,31 71
2,486
995
71, 63
362
254
1,621
555
743
692
1,024
290
174
,1298
1,720
977
,31 92
953
,71 68
1,556
,11 87
1,912
2,030
704
1,123
625
510
1,534
,311471
11
11
.611
1,4011
3,212
.7508
2,41255
.9626
1,011
1,411
.115
8
,512957
11
2,711
.5 20
11
456
10.7474
0
,02.7·10931
2,51328
11
890
926
538
647
579
215
710
690
1,860
990
.21,31173
1
11.31
,01 41
796
780
2,009
2, 83
2,186
1,394
3,194
2,400
914
1,415
1,295
2, 07
453
774
792
1907
1,373
11
1,216
767
289
1,163
489
,181
.3909
13489
714
2: 38
,11 13
582
256
141
203
207
207
174
166
80
203
108
742
243
310
395
202
815
674
217
431
158
680
165
420
298
193
94
69
351
550
240
28
439
49
148
15
59
140
14
32
67
45
118
123
36
42
40
100
72
75
81
10
75
50
180
75
15
159
255
56
65
19
253
80
SUPERINTENDENT OF PUBLIC INSTRUCTION.
187
ai 0 0 0 Ori NOW OHH OOO SE OCH HANDHA 00H3 Boi
pupils.
Prince
.Edw
ard
Por
. tsmouth
Pow
. hatan
.Patrick
Pet
city
. ersburg
Pit
. tsylvania
.Page
Nel
. son
Kent
.New
Nor
.cityfolk
Nor
folk
.county
Nor
. thampton
.-Northumberland
.Nottoway
Ora
. nge
.Middlesex
Montgomery
.Nansemond
Mec
. klenburg
CIT
. IES
AND
Number opened.
Google
come
Prilia
.Wil
ncem
Pri
Geo
rge
. nce
Pri
.Annnce
e ss
o
S
Number
.neededyet
Average age.
10.66
Spelling
2,429
.30
11
,1306
10.54
.81
11
1,620
454 .11
1,559 10
.
1,564 11
.
.
613 13
762
.4
11
.92
11
950
1,366
.86
11
.76
11
1,724
3,613 13
.
2,216 10
.
|
.29
11
3,685
1,295
.14
11
775 12
.
1,296
.47
11
825
.09
10
672
.50
12
1,198
.26
11
891
2,115
1,088
902
675
1,191
784
672
1,474
,216
3,494
1,297
,1502
544
615
943
438
1,481
,21 81
1,578
800
2,429
1,728
Writing.
521
885
809
615
1,010
614
533
746
1,160
1,398
964
2, 16
2,750
,1305
1,231
469
414
12, 43
,1462
749
1,847
1,017
Arithmetic.
424
378
!
630
785
677
468
293
444
551
786
1,124
640
1,480
1,983
894
539
1,204
730
846
319
1,134
922
530
355
374
634
,02 99
1,380
662
438
554
312
1,237
868
304
341
491
572
759
288
648
1, 08
687
441
PUPILS
.
408
Other
Branches.
149
365
146
148
246
217
103
,51 00
649
463
200
367
217
100
50
.
23
19
293
42
39
27
334
247
264
214
126
1,125
613
367
127
36
32
238
282
58
88
47
36
169
148
15
130
165
954
572
160
279
429
291
236
No. supplied with
text-books by dis
tricts.
187
201
458
267
260
132
668
563
82
·318
NUMBER
STUDYING
.
mmar.
SCHOOLS
.
6—(Continued
No
).TABLE
Geography .
Number enrolled.
COUNTIES
20
Co Com O CONGO OSCHANEL Average
0
15
orum Average
pupils.
: SON OOONA F
HAR OCH
49
17
3911
0
101
20
87
48
299
82
19
188
SECOND ANNUAL REPORT OF THE
Reading
Oi Oi cuBoon ! For Tool : : A
Washington
.
Westmoreland
.
Wise
.
Wythe
.
York
.
.
Warren
. Warwick
Tazewell
.
ܘ ܟ܃ ܃ ܗܘܝܒ
Surry
.
Sussex
.
Spotsylvania
.
Stafford
.
Shenandoah
.
Smyth
.
Southampton
.
.
Scott
.
city
87
.,
Richmond
county
16
.
Roanoke
.
Rockbridge
.
Rockingham
104
.
Russell
Rappahannock
.Richmond25
Pulaski
.
.11
10.0566
5
11
.2995
4
22, 87
11
.61
/11
.871
1,11
.771
11
.06
837
2,217 .12
801
11
.
191
12
.
3,711
.522
5
740
12
.51,8847
11.51,249
1,011
.' 05
2,612.62
3,511
.636
.3|11, 7211
1,151187
2
11.4,663
11
.4701
9
1,8.| 227
.6
2,897 111
12.14,9788
1,7.8461
11
,53 77
602
1,512
2,543
3,650
1,075
1,431
2,745
1,329
4,235
782
|
2,287
995
2,029
698
191
3, 56
837
1,0861
2,580
705
483
2, 40
722
|
140
606
632
409
584
1,518
879
986
711
545
1,003
|3,205
1,533
1,225
,51 38
2,391
,81 27
2,834
1,415
691
1,311
675
3|,1 11
,187
1655
479
,11 17
501
190
1,305
493
105
277
387
928
334
194
,146
770
421
95
1,404
386
484
176
488
1,818
777
578
598
,43 38
333
805
1,671
2,516
470
165
106
166
407
147
43
672
138
108
599
83
225
200
570
331
260
273
177
1,279
107
348
596
903
4371 375
448
512
284
,32 00
940
691
696
,13 24
598
506
588
2, 35
503
954
1,927
10
31
590
179
208
462
152
75
172
334
324
305
233
144
36
38
147
122
335
460
80
240
143
43
21
105
89
1,086
123
192
460
683
803
193
2,692
325
16
463
121
73
33
438
53
38
190
144
SUPERINTENDENT OF PUBLIC INSTRUCTION .
:,ܬܟܙܠܕܟ 'ܟܢܝܝ
ܨܝܰܒܬܟܬܟܙܛܺܘܩܬܟ
ܟ
189
Alexandria
county
.
county
.Alleghany
Amelia
county
. Amherst
county
.
Appomattox
county
.
Augusta
county
.Staunton
Alexandria
city
Accoma
ck
county
.
Albemarle
county
Charlott
esville
.
John
.HLeckey
BJohnson
.William
.
CVirginia
.E larkson
Law
.
Margarette
GSarah
.A ray
HEdgar
.E. arper
PWilliam
.F owell
.JW illiams
Theodore
.HFicklin
Whether for white or colored
pupils.
w.
No. Grades.
PRINCIPAL
NAME
.OF
3
to ට න ප ස ස
LOCATION
.
No. Teachers.
4
3
134
1
135
128
198
111
182
191
173
112
|
GRADED
SCHOOL
S.
No. pupils enrolled .
Table
.7
No
co
OO o o
:D
Average Attendance.
|No.Months Taught.
.62
.
46
Amount money received from
Peabody Fund.
.4911
69
94
249
5595
|912.880
175
00
00
360
1,000
00
5$312600
00
190
SECOND ANNUAL REPORT OF THE
Cost of tuition per month per
pupil enrolled .
Per cent. of Attendance.
.
county
Essex
s
.KBJ nox.AFJame
ield
..RHStone
.SFlournoy
.Elihu
Morrisett
Lydia
Hill
.
King
.Helen
N.MW oble
Anna
Walker
.
.DJEvans
GN.R arland
TDHouston
.Judge
GStoner
.John
|w.54117
.W
BB BOOB
Craig
county
.
county
Culpeper
Culp
. epercoun
Cum
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ty land
Dinw
coun
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ty e
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City abet
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.
.
Wythe
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Clarke
county
.
.
Hill
Clover
.
Midlothian
.Manchester
Charlotte
county
.
county
Chesterfield
Campbell
county
Rustburg
.
.
county
Caroline
Carroll
.county
Charles
City
county
.
.Brunswick
county
.
county
Buchanan
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Buckingham
Bath
county
.
.
county
Bedford
Bland
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Botetourt
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.
Fishersville
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19 19 Coco
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78
118
106
|
87
104
113
206
2
186
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80
75
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970
00
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15
00
300
00
300
200
00
00
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,01 00
00
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00
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. 01
2572
191
00
300
215
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129
50877
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945
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581
.
124 66
|I9.62
69
45
86
108
149
90
104
160
225
51 49
.
94
3
71
116
86
51
4
62
112
91
112
191
.
INSTRUCTION
OF
PUBLIC
SUPERINTENDE
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pupils.
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OF
Whether for white or colored
2
12
| 3|
No. Grades.
No. Teachers.
GRADED
SCHOOLS
.
TABLE
No
.)(C7— ontinued
No. Pupils Enrolled .
Average Attendance.
118
167
117
107
63
1114
42
Per cent. of Attendance.
62
69
90
160
131
120
90
5i
Cost of tuition per month per
pupil enrolled.
10
6|.5
84
$74.7101030
Amountmoney received from
Peabody Fund.
821
00
165
50
.|9750
65
3250
00
10
|400
97
00
00
300
00
450
00$300
192
SECOND ANNUAL REPORT OF THE
No. Months Taught.
.Lee
county
Loudoun
county
Leesburg
.
county
Louisa
.
House
Court
.
Spring
Green
Lunenburg
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King
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2
3
3
58
2
54
81
146
79
128
113
195
107
111
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91
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128
218
121
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108
104
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SUPERINTENDENT OF PUBLIC INSTRUCTION .
193
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| Whether for white or colored
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NAME
OF
.
PRINCIPAL
Cara
No.Grades.
.
LOCATION
No. Teachers.
non
.
SCHOOLS
GRADED
7—(Continued
No
).TABLE
157
.570
42
411
47
No,months Taught.
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57
59
100
79
Average Attendance.
95
Per cent, of Attendance.
EWE
47
5|169
254
Amountmoney
Fund. from
Peabody received
......
194
SECOND ANNUAL REPORT OF THE
ܗ ܗ ܩ
No. Pupils enrolled .
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| Cost of tuition per month per
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and
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125
46
81
175
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203
130
316
148
110
407
76
374
184
313
297
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5210
.|9554
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126
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.
5941 .7789
79
.
64 50
190 60
.
69 4. 7
159
183
164
68
38
190
47
217
113
127 .67
208 55
35
65688 coor 66666666
Nottoway
county
.Burkeville
.
county
Orange
.
county
Page
Patrick
county
.
Petersburg
city
9112
31|9 7
191
00
18
041
2.000
00
1,000
SUPERINTENDENT OF PUBLIC INSTRUCTION .
195
county
Rockbridge
Roanoke
county
,
.
Lexington
.
Lick
Big
Salem
.
Salem
.
.
county
Richmond
20th
street
.
Navy
Hill
.
-(continued
City
.)Richmond
.
LOCATION
.
Johnson
Samuel
PHenry
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| Whether for white or colored !
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arton
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.OF
PRINCIPAL
NAME
No. Pupils Enrolled .
.GRADED
SCHOOLS
No.Grades.
Nonoco
Inc
478
227
527
139
111
183
3125
91
135601
3|1
212
181
344
393
30
455
226
310
365
29
432
Average Attendance.
7—(Continued
No
.)TABLE
No. Teachers.
UNCO
ooo B OBĚ
wco
Per cent. of Attendance.
).
95
9
51
72
33
49
21 2
9
136
9
No.Months Taught.
77
pupil enrolled .
9.93
Cost of tuition permonth per
.1 9
97
00
450
1.4|7402
300
409
|184
. 021
00
3$ 00
200
00
00
1500
196
SECOND ANNUAL REPORT OF THE
Boo Bo
Amount money received from
Peabody Fund.
.
Bridgew
ater
county
Shenandoah
.Wytheville
.
Hill
Brown
York
county
.
county
Wise
county
.
Wythe
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Hall
.
county
Westmoreland
.
Goodeon
Str
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Woodstock
Edinbur
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Smyth
county
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Marion
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Ford
Broad
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county
.
county
Spotsylvania
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cksburg
Frederi
Stafford
county
.
Surry
county
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Sussex
county
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Tazewell
county
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county
Warren
Front
Royal
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county
k
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Washin
county
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.
county
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m,3'sCwest
iles
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of
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county
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3
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4
65
118
251
111
62
116
77
103
141
163
160
3i 3
162
152
115
73
257
Coco
coco
county
Rockingham
94
96
43
114
91
10680
57
98
174
73.
132
600
00
00
300
01 7
.1168
67
3
.90
61
33
54
150
00
00
150
1
67
71
.73
54
109
51 5
00
300
375
00
00
300
00
300
86
80
9
10
5
985
101
03
9106
$60000
00
200
00
300
8. 1
.49
.
93
76.
2003
: :
Ono
ON
Harriso
nburg
.
SUPERINTENDENT OF PUBLIC INSTRUCTION .
197
No days offi
. Fluvanna
Floyd
.
Cumberland
Dinwiddie
. Elizabeth
City
.
Essex
. Fairfax
.
.
Fauquier
.
Chesterfield
.
Craig
. Clarke
.
Culpeper
.Amelia
.
Amherst
.
Appomattox
.
Augusta
. Bedford
Bath
. . Botetourt
Bland
.Brunswick
.
. Buckingham
Buchanan
.
. Campbell
Caroline
.
Carroll
.
City
Charles
Charlotte
.
Alexandria
county
Alleghany
..
ofAlexandria
City
. Albemarle
Accomac
.
.
COUNTIES
240
11587
123
150
50
120
160
120
95
220
240
72
50
90
75140
210
60
25104
72
215
37
300
103
12
32165
44
150
273
25
1850
278
624
1450
639
400
395
600
500
480
900
3000
500
400
400
900
700
school bu
siness.
600
1725
30
400
30
350
1350
424
679
270
800
393
1260
173
500
327
ten .
200
420
394
300
80
61
209
117
60250
75400
475
108
210
40
1000
100
211
175
125
74650
305
315
375
10
350
81
300
52
4161
56
54
30
34
90
103
32
110
4323
37
101
291211
28
30
121
12
5637
44
14111
29
No.licensed.
teachers
No. teachers
examined .
ters writ
No officiallet
No. miles tra
veled on
cially em
ployed.
Superin
dent.
0083
005000
40
00
00175
00150
140
40007182
7500125
00
10009400
0040
00
60
50
109
450045002500
1000
00603892
2500
50187
9115
00
231
35
147
1410
7527125
007000
600
00$1720025
By County
indis
incurred
41
32
3055
3585
152
58
54
131
120
8436
163
7
144
12
5310
dental
expenses
official
charging
.
duties
ofinci
Amount
.
SUPERINTENDENTS
COUNTY
By others.
116
79
106
63
70
90
2014
81870
114
211
367
133
43
37
28
43231
23
109
70
83
231129
60104
68
·63
107
31
27
278
9638
120
663
362
41
No. 8chools
40
63
182
574
6075
137
89021
30
40
450
39426
81487
.
YEAR
DURING
SCHOOLS
TOTHE
VISITS
once.
.8
No
Table
not County
visited
by
OIA
BEN - NH8: : : : OFESO COAN
No . 8chools
not visited
APO CO CO Convite
AGRA O
8
co : o
No . schools
visited Su
by
County
perinten
dent
only
Barro
HOSSES - APOSTS: 000.
198
SECOND ANNUAL REPORT OF THE
by trustees.
Superin
tendent.
By Trustees.
1756031
71
200
300
200
150
40
250
120
90
151
71
2522530
230
210
186
.
William
.PulaskiPrince
.
George
Prince
.·Princess
Anne
.Portsmouth
.Powhatan
.
Edward
Prince
110
100
95
50
120
60
Naosemond
Nelson
. New
203
. Norfolk
Kent
62000
City
. Norfolk
18840
.
. county
Northampton
.
Northumberland
100
Nottoway
.
108
.
Orange
136
.
Page
100
Patrick P· etersburg
City
.
196
Pittsylvan
ia
.
80
Middlesex
. Montgomery
.
127
62
100
85
30200
0
1400
12
500
200
1107
975
320
585
1496
480
1850
277
1200
445800
. .. .
1500
1000
1445
1000
1073
250
434
500
200
300
2200
1000
500
700
1432
2200
800
800
300
300
160
1450
1156
510
1000
340
395
1000
36
178
260
133
75112
7587
9000
00
1725142
00
326
005010002000
00
300
2000
500
00284
80003500
00
50
630061750045
00110
200
00
00105000
00
00200
100
00165
10007500
00
250
00300
275075004000
34OU
2500141
45
70
150
100
27
24
48
1519
55
41
33
2
72
65
119
4524
22
14
1668
7500
0080
00302000
33
61
1200
918
100
150
175190
208
25
36
75
133
20450
520
60
100
50
50
250
160
500
400
118
40
235
95
170
175
300
300
75346
48107
245
512
72
40
9
302
86
129
60
175
273450
16
71
29
126
64
1935
36
36
30
46100
20
70
1259
125
69
16
109 3
4657
3260
U
78
99
10
54
5559
75105
20
34
3860
15
100
51
129
16
11
38
110
75
102
15
38
5250
10
118
49
85
241
50
v65o
190
300
20
295
77
159
23
134
10
300
72
37
58
90
591
104
71
268303100
40146
17
259
84143
200
48
A zs
100
WWF werão
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.
Franklin
܃܃ ܟ: ܙܝ::ܸܗܝܪܗܙܙܚܤܘܟܩܚܘ، ܃: ܗ܃܃
܃ ܗܩܶܗܪܙܬܗܚܘܦܗܟܘܽܪ:ܙܟܗܙܝܕܝܙܝܕܝܢܬ
8
8
zoon TAVOS80 I CONSI TONENorthern 8 98
c!For
Frederick
.Giles
.100
Gloucester
Goochland
Grayson
.Greene
. Greensville
.
Halifax
. Hanover
.Henrico
Henry
. . Highland
. Isle
.
ofWight
. King
City
James
George
. QKing
. .& ueen
William
King
.
Lancaster
.Lee Loudoun
.
. Lunenburg
Louisa
. Lynchburg
.
City
Madison
. Mecklenburg
SUPERINTENDENT OF PUBLIC INSTRUCTION .
199
NA
.
COUNTIES
.
Southampton
.
Spotsylvania
Stafford
.
Surry
.Sussex
. Tazewell
Richmond
county
.
Roanoke
. Rockbridge
Rockingham
.
Russell
. . Shenandoah
Scott
. .
Smyth
Washington
. .
Wise
. Wythe Westmoreland
.
.
York
.
Warren
. Warwick
.
ployed.
No.cially
days offi
em
Rappahannock
Richmond
City
.
No.miles tra
220
25
3560
100
237
210
100
103
150
85
220
110
75
225
150
25
225
28
200
50313
veled buon
school
siness.
No.officiallet
685
1500
200
2500
650
1000
288
150
1331
1000
967
600
816
598
800
350
400
1200
450
1670
450
750
ten .
40
327
3025
75175
315
125
175
90
400
485
125
500
189
64
265
307
550
80
396
96
4724
83
22
24
51
24
76
44
4016
81
119
39
54
36
licensed .
126
4547
60
13843
No. teachers
No. teachers
examined.
ters writ
BySuperin
County
tendent.
3000
00254000
16005000
49
157
00
91
6000
62
00
2500
5000
003154
150
0016109
32
00146
150
004325
002160
73
00$1200
5
00
7911
20
138
1510
ofipci
Amount
dental
expenses
incurred
indis
official
charging
.
duties
28
182
111
161685
387
30
115
192
50
126
90
51
37
68
13
55
55
No.notschools
visited
962829
59
305
50
457
204
195
33
By others.
7935
റി
456708
39
125
126
896
54
94106
64161
VISITS
SCHOOLS
TO
DURING
.THE
YEAR
3
15
76
16
12
1438
1514
20
53
2
620
13
No.visited
8chools
by
County Su
perinten
dent only
.
SUPERINTENDENTS
COUNTY
once.
TABLE
No
.)(C8— ontinued
No. schools
nottrustees.
visited
by
c rore nero wa
:
200
SECOND ANNUAL REPORT OF THE
by County
Superin
tendent.
By Trustees.
.City
.
Clarke
Craig
. Culpeper
.
nd
. .Cumberla
Dinwiddie
Elizabeth
ld
.
Caroline
.Carroll
.
City
Charles
. .Chesterfie
Charlotte
83
.Botetourt
Brunswick
.
Buchanan
. .Buckingham
Campbell
115
.
Augusta
.Bath
.
Bedford
Bland
.
.Amelia
.Amherst
.Appomattox
a
Alexandri
.county a
Albemarle
.Alleghan
y
.Alexandri
city
Accomac
.
.
CITIES
AND
COUNTIES
34
29
13
35
51
19
12
36
00
Whole number used.
No.log.
11
17
21
20
10
1214
14
51
10
- 60 - 9 EBANO
No. frame.
No. brick .
12
No. stone.
No. with out-houses.
45
. ... .
11
No. with suitable
N
32
15
3
11
34
41
18
grounds.
No.with good furniture.
.9,
No
Table
BENO
10
22
No. with wallmaps.
No.with globes.
charts.
.
HOUSES
SCHOOL
No. with reading charts.
No. with arithmetical
16
245
28
56
60
E COCO
OA SECO CO CO No.with black-boards.
ES OF COSES DE COES No. comfortable.
19 Cocoon Cover BS CON
OrN o, unfit for use.
-- --|No.ownedby districts.
0 *****
rooms in all
20
12
39
34
13
5436
50
2944
CO Coco Coco Co
No. owned by districts.
c o Coco
SUPERINTENDENT OF PUBLIC INSTRUCTION.
201
.
Wholenumber used.
SOSSESSE
.Lunenburg
Louisa
.
.. ....
Lancaster
.
.LOO
Lee
.
. . .. .. . .... ... .. ... ... .. ... .... .. .. .. ... . . ... .. ... .
.Loudoun
.James
City
&Queen
.King
.King
George
King
.
William
.
Hanover
Henrico
.,
Henry
. Highland
. Isle
.
ofWight
Greene
.
.Greensville
.Halifax
... ... . .. ...
. ....... . ... ..... .. ....
. .Fauquier
Floyd
.
Fluvanna
Franklin
.
.
Frederick
Giles
.
.Gloucester
.Goochland
.
Grayson
16
15
og
22
15
64
12
10
38
14
16
2
2
12
16
No.with suitable
grounds.
No.with good furniture.
许评um
No. frame.
EN COCOCom o O SESC DESEUCOSES
21
27
8
11
16
4
31
No. with reading charts.
No. with wall maps.
0 . with out-houses.
No.brick.
.
HOUSES
SCHOOL
charts.
NoTABLE
.)(C9— ontinued
GOES No.with blackboards,
C OA OSO OSO
Essex
. Fairfax
.
.
CITIES
AND
COUNTIES
No. stone.
.
.
No. with arithmetical
:
S
48
44
38
14
20
12
14
14
202
SECOND ANNUAL REPORT OF THE
popopsapozno»ox|---**** -| - ---- | nogomLogo
ཨཋ ལ ༠༠e
: :.
No.unfit for use.
. comfortable .
No.with globes.
.
Westmoreland
Wise
. Wythe
.York
.
Rockingham
.
. Russell
Scott
.
. Shenandoah
Smyth
.
.Southampton
Spotsylvania
.
Stafford
. Sussex
Surry
. Tazewell
.
Warren
. Warwick
. Washington
.
Prince
George
.Princess
Anne
.
Prince
William
Pulaski
. .
.Richmond
hannock
Rappa
. Richmond
city
county
.
Roanoke
. Rockbridge
.
.
Portsmouth
.·Powhatan
.
Edward
Prince
Page
. Patrick
.
Petersburg
city
.
Pittsylvania
.
.Nansemond
Nelson
. Kent
New
. Norfolk
.citycounty
Norfolk
. . Northumberland
Northampton
.
Nottoway
Orange
..
17
51
3645
25
49
17
34
62
101
3415
20
15
48
32
16
12
11
10
18
19
2
15
1
9
45
25
12
11
1914
12
134
17
29
42
19
12
1
13
49
28
101520
To con
29
291413
11
10
4169
148
33 14
1
O CON
Lynchburg
city
ESTATE SELIN
Co co
Cong co co
os COCOWOH0086
.
Madison
. Mecklenburg
.
Middlesex
. Montgomery
.
1
1
10
32
10
20
1340
10
33
10 1 14
11
42
74
15
10
35
14
25
53
26
31
38
30
16
57
53
34
43
19
28
41
37
43
76
104
16
26
34
31
23
16
72
2360
12
38
34
3157
1828
12
48
36
1416
15
1716
16
18
SUPERINTENDENT OF PUBLIC INSTRUCTION.
203
or
= - ||- ||**** - * - - | -- gagna originaenger
9
.
COUNTIES
Craig
..
Culpeper
. Cumberland
.
. Elizabeth
Dinwiddie
.
City
.
Charlotte
. Chesterfield
.
Clarke
.
.
Caroline
.Carroll
Charles
City
SES
%711726
714
75
2513.6
1
732
752
2
.Botetourt
.
Brunswick
Buchanan
. Buckingham
. .
Campbell
.
Appomattox
.
Augusta
.BathBedford
.
Bland
county
.
Alleghany
.
Amelia
. Amherst
.
Accomack
. Alexandria
Albemarle
. Alexandria
city
.
CITIES
AND
|No. cts.on $ 100.
% % %% %
72
00200
841200
1233
00
00
200
00
1600
00
1600
00
150
38
1038
8853
63
94
292
$3007539
1200
00
6600
76
219
00
56500
1805
Head tax on dogs.
00150
2500
005250
350
00
00 1
150
90 1
00
-1750
001
002800
350
1200
00350
5000510
00
00
50
500000180
00
100
42
2063
00
150
00250
2550
00200
350
36
3819
001000
35000
00
125
$10050
00
350
... .... .
0050
50
... .. . .
100
7755
100
01 0
75
100
01 0
100
ASKED
.AMT
BOARD
SCHOOL
BYCOUNTY
FOR
|No. cts, on $ 100.
2%
72 1
712
11
15
5
6.132422
1 74
0000925
001200
750
001200
00
5600
00
002500
200
00422063
75001000
8000853
33
94
292
363819
00
120
00
2550
701203
38
1038
42
5902
76219
00
300
$3007539
1200
00
6600
-73
1872
FOR
FUND
.COUNTY
oC
160
OC
350
00150
00
350
OO
50
00100
00
150
00
250
35000
00
350
00
125
$100350
0050
Head tax on dogs.
.
;119000
001
5050
75
75
01 0
75
100
50
100
01 0
100
... ......
00
500
00
00900
1200
001500
500
00
001800
00
001000
1200
00
800
00·1000
100
00
00300
yield
county.
schooloftaxation
For County Supt.
Estimated yield .
.
OFSUPERVISORS
BYBOARD
LEVIED
AMOUNT
Estimated total
10
No
.Table
00
1250
002400
1825
00
002500
00
200
005600
3700
00
94
292
363819
00
120
00
002550
1800
00853
80
33
42
3063
00
2200
007500
500
702203
38
421038
6702
00$300
12
7539
006600
76
319
00
600
County court.
Supt. by
County
166 190
00
00350
00
350
.........
005000
350
001005000
00350
00
250
00
350
$100350
0050
204
SECOND ANNUAL REPORT OF THE
Amount allowed the
Estimated yield of
dog tax .
For County Supt.
Estimated yield.
.
733
744
.not
made
yet
†Levy
00
2760
001000
00200
1300
00
001696
1200
70
69
00964
750
28
201617
0020,0655
5100
3146
16
708
0012,097850
00
001500
1300
00
00
2000
797777
1392
77
00
350
200
00
00350
5000
00105
350
00
0000100
350
00
00250
200
125001000
00
00
150
00100
125
00
00
120
00
150
6449
0050
00
150
00150
350
00
00
200
00
80
00
50
00
350
8000
0000165
2752
00
150
2500350
00
75
50
50
100
100
01 0
50
100
50
75
50
100
50
01 0
50
01500
100
50
01 0
101010000
2.
romqual
.'dtothat
frec
eState
Amt
M
acted
Non.yet
* ot
.Nansemond
.
Nelson
. city
Kent
New
.Norfol
k k
.Norfol
county
.North
ampto
n land
.North
umber
Notto
.
way
.Orange
. .Patric
Page
k .Peters
.Pittsycity
lvaniaburg
.Loudoun
Louisa
. .Lunen
burgburg
.Lynch
city
.MadisoMeckl
n
. enburg
.Middle
sexomery
Montg
. .Highlao nd
Henry
.
ofWight
Isle
James
City
. .King
&Queen
..King
George
King
Willia
.Lancasterm
.Lee
x
.Hanover
.Henric
.Grayson
.
Greene
.Greens
Halifa ville
land
Gloucester
.Gooch
001000
00
1350
60
500
70750
767
00675
00
68700
2101
00
00800
5000
00587
40
001200
2200
001150
00
00
900
33729
273
68
002250
0000
935
083337
1298
00
2500
004000
2000
00
SONOR
.
1
51
3146
001200
70
1696
69
00964
750
28
1617
20
655
00
200
00
600
16276000
708
001500
1300
OC
00
668
00
7000
681392
729
79
001000
00
1150
00
300
40800
587
00
00675
42
00525
700
0000
2500
800
00
002000
4000
002250
00
935
08
1298
00
1500
001350
1000
00
00
08500
307
00
750
00
350
00
100
0050
00105
350
00
00250
00
200
00350
100
00
0075
0050
100
00
50
75
50
100
51000
50
50
00
501
50
75
4abont
fund
Dawson
annually
R.$2,from
(a)00eceives
001000
75
1278
00
648
00
1500
00250
00
300
002000
00
500
00
500
00
1000
001000
800
00
00
100
00561
550
00
50
100
00504964
00
1000
50
50100
75
00
1000
75
50100
00500
00
350
001500
1000
00
00
001500
5000
00935
011000
.... .. .
00
00200150
00350
150
00
00
50
00
350
8000
2500
00350
00275
165
00
02
6243
28
2265
20655
.yet
fixed
Not
00
350
00
105
00100
00
350
001946
2700
70
69
001264
750
75
1278
5000
00250
00
200
00
350
00100
1000
00
00
0050100
7500
12000
00
200
0050
64
49
*
0050
15000350
00
00
350
8000
00350
00
165
00
275
200do
12,00000
00
001300
163500
1208
00
002760
1100
68729
7900
1392
007000
1668
002025
1675
42
002500
700
002000
4000800
587
00
002300
1100
00850
00
00657
1000
08
00
935
003337
08
1298
001000
2500
00
00
7250
00
5500
+
N
Essex
.
.Fairfax
er
. .Fauqui
Floyd
..Frankl
Fluvanna
in
. .Frederick
Giles
SUPERINTENDENT OF PUBLIC INSTRUCTION
205
714
% 为 It
% %%
15
7
15 732
%7 772
11
15
%
71
3000
00350
63
110
00
250
5000
00120
00
00125
150
00
150
00
100
00250
100
00
00
150
00150
00
350
00
200
$700205
50
00
00
225
00
2425
001000
e*Aromqual
'dfamt
rec
.tothat
State
n
For County Supt.
00325
00
003000
2100
34
284
00900
00
1035
837
0087
898
841528
1660
08
961907
3630
69
2000
00
00
1850
43
00784
3000
00
2400
00
1500
00
625
,51400
0043
00
00
00
2700
00
4350
00
8800
32
1436
00
880
00$6060
01 0
50
011000
50
100
01 0
50
7*2
1-20
732
15
5
15
100
01 0
.
21
7 )
50
75
10750
50
20
15
No, cents on $100.
50
ASKED
.AMT
BOARD
SCHOOL
BYCOUNTY
FOR
%% %% %
.
Wythe
.York
Surry
. Sussex
. Tazewell
.
.Warren
.
Warwick
*** ** *
Washington
. Westmoreland
.
.
Wise
.
Stafford
Southampton
.
.
Spotsylvania
.Rappahannock
Richmond
city
. Richmond
.county
.Roanoke
.Rockingham
Rockbridge
. .
Russell
. Shenandoah
Scott
Smyth
. .
.
Anne
Princess
Prince
William
.
Pulaski
Portsmouth
.
Powhatan
. Prince
.
Edward
Prince
.George
20
15
COUNTIES
.
CITIES
AND
No.cts. on $100.
00
200
$40000
00
205
00200
225
00
Estimated yield.
.+Capitation
tax
898
00
84
1660
08
1528
00
325
3000
00
00
700
56
189
00
002425
1000
5000
0030
63
110
000050
250
00
150
00
125
87
837
00
8000
50191
00
440
96
3630
05
1673
...... ...
or County Supt.
00150
00
5000350
00
00100
125
00
100
00
600
002700
00
4350
2000
00
00
1850
43
784
00
3000
00
2400
00
1500
00$6000
TABLE
CNo
.)(—10ontinued
0
1050
50
5050
101000
10500
75
75
75
00
00200
1750
0094
50+91400
00·1000
00650
50
479
001125
00
500
00
1200
00
500
00
1150
001500
00
700
00
1800
011000
dog tax.
OG
500
og1000
Estimated yield of
50
50
Estimated
total
yield of county
County Court.
00
0012510000100
0
50
00
150
00250
200
00
00
225
$40000
00
205
3000
350
00
110
63
00
50
00250
00
2425
001000
00125
15000
....... .120
00
Amount
by
Supt. the
County allowed
342805
08
1528
00
525
00700
4750
00189
56
00
650
371317
00
2298
00
440
004755
051200
2173
001050
00
0050
1500
,0+7001100
00173
00
003850
00
00
005850
8000
50
191
$600000
00
2500
00
2850
43
784
00
4800
00
3100
,i0$4s000
amt
.ofthis
forbuilding
school taxation .
Head tax on dogs.
Estimated yield.
.
OFSUPERVISORS
BYBOARD
LEVIED
AMOUNT
206
SECOND ANNUAL REPORT OF THE
Head tax on dogs.
SUPERINTENDENT OF
PUBLIC
INSTRUCTION .
STATISTICS
OF
Private and Incorporated Schools.
207
Thirteen
schools
primary
.
Family
. Six
schools
.
schools
colored
ary
.'sAStMcademy
.
schools
primary
Five
.Family
schools
Alexandria
city
Vernlam
.
Brookland
. Sunny
.
Bank
Batesville
.Edge
.
Hill
Five
.
schools
primary
Family
. colored
school
.One
school
Albemarle
county
Accomac
county
.
SCHOOL
AND
PRIN
RArlington
.Mivers
School
rs
Home
Misses
Green
. .Miss
RPowell
White or colored .
W.
Charlottesville
.JHInstitute
W ones
orace
W.
.
Grade.
W
Pungoteague
.
.W
W.
Belle
.
Haven
.Onancock
Locustville
.
-OFFICE
.POST
private.
Date of organization.
H
.H.
H.
P.
Incorporated or
P.1871
fizieisiais pinigaisiaisiaisiaisasiseseisies
「 五且且正nn HHHHHHP正正正正正正正正正正正e
Denomination, if any.
1857
1871
1869
1858
Male.
Alexandria
.
N&P P.
.W H. P.1833
W.W H. P.1858
. H P
W. .H :1869
W. H. .1P 857
.W.W H.H.
W.
.W
W
W.. H..H
W. P.
РІ
ev
1971
1858
1869
1866
1858
at
'l.
Epis
1853
H
0EDepot
.IWm
,C&RW vynglish.
1867
Latham
Jarden
rreenwood
C,C.&0RNG.&0R,GWoodville
.1PP.1H868
865
.BGMiss
arland
AE atesville
W.
Shadwell
.Miss
W.
P.1H 1871
Mary
Randolph
66
B.SAcademy
Alexandria
Jeach
ohn
Blackburn
and
Potomac
.CSTaylor
Academy
HHenry
.F enry
.WHGreenwell
Moach
Institute
Vernon
.MARMount
iss
GHaven
arber
MBelle
.EBInstitute
iss Sister
Mary
,S.C
Leocadia
.LRC'sASt
arne
Jichard
ohn
cademy
EJMoore
.Miss
MPiedmont
eade
Institute
.RK rs
Female
Battail
.
Henry
Haynes
.
Augustus
Onancock
.ASFurcran
Academy
NG.DLocustville
icholson
eo
Academy
NCITY
,OFORAME
NAME
COUNTY
,ORTEACHER
CIPAL
.PRESIDENT
Female.
COSAA
.
Pupils
Nof
.oin
structors
PRIMARY
AND
HIGH
SCHOOLS
.
Sex of
218
314
..
111
4
| No.of
'M.&F31032
9M.&F4% 03
11
F.
M.
M.
M.
M.
M.
.
941
6
970
976
10 1
10
10
10
10
750
53 0
-5
74
10
per month
250
1000
300
880
150
Incidental charges
9
16
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31
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208
SECOND ANNUAL REPORT OF THE
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county
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.
schools
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209
1
Craig One
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school
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Culpeper
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schools
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schools
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Carroll
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SECOND ANNUAL REPORT OF THE
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schools
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. Eight
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SUPERINTENDENT OF PUBLIC INSTRUCTION .
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00
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29
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17July
14
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1.5
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28
1
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SUPERINTENDENT OF PUBLIC INSTRUCTION .
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SECOND ANNUAL REPORT OF THE
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SUPERINTENDENT OF PUBLIC INSTRUCTION.
215
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.
county
Powhatan
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trakePowell
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ohn
'S.Rev
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.Young
EMliza
Gregory
rs
CRMiss
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ead
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ARDanville
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ev
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verett
ev
School
Female
College
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Mrs
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NRIN
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armville
rawley
.Farmville
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ake
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anville
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Date of organization.
.1853
In
11867
11858
1867
.In1Meth
857
'sIn.1858
Bap
t
'lP.1871
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'n
Pres
1860
- com
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SCHOOL
AND
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Sex of
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F.F.
.&FM
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F.&M
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1
1
. .
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05 0
400
00
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101010
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178
00
300
48
120
332
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per month
M.&F
. . ... . .
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11
1 F.
13 M. M.&F
203
17)110401
0
10306
No.monthshept open.
| Tuition per month .
.
structors Pupils
.of
No
in
—(Continued
SCHOOLS
PRIMARY
AND
.)HIGH
Male.
No co8 cost Female.
NO CO
No. vols. in library.
2000
1500
1500
50
12
15
June
30June
30
June
30
June
28
June
30June
June
30
30June
June
30
.1
Aug
300
June
sion .
2628
June
216
SECOND ANNUAL REPORT OF THE
.
sessai pisipiniai teiger
Timeof ending ses
Board per month.
county
George
.TwoPrince
schools
primary
.
schools
Family
Prince
county
William
GWGreenwich
.,DRBAcademy
hite
Rainesville
ev
.
school
primary
One
county
Pulaski
Newbe
axton
.SPAlex
School
Newbern
.. rn
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.
Knob
Peake
'sValley
Draper
.CDraper
Tate
harles
V
s
'
alley
school
.
primary
schools
.FamilyOne
county
Rappahannock
.HBarksdale
. Richmond
schools
Family
1
county
Warsaw
.GNevitt
.
Warsaw
Academy
.
city
Richmond
rs
ichmond
.CMRML arrington
Inst
Female
Southern
rs
H's.Mrs
EFMoward
.
s
'
Grattan
Misses
M
isses
's.
Tazewell
Miss
. ADChesterman
Tazewell
Miss
.
School
Masonic
M
Bentley
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's. ordon
Misses
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.
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Miss
.
s
'
Gordon
Miss
Lane
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HLane .Rev
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Male
Richmond
.
Doggett
oodson
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's.
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oseph
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.
High
German
.AWolfeForbes
'Misses and
.Misses
.P'sMMrs
Garnett
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rs
Pellett
's.Mrs
PellettUniversity
.Mrs
.
School
THSNorwood
STBeach
Academy
Hill
.Shockoe
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ev
Mrs
SReed
.Mrs
.'sReed
Visit
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Maria
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other
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College
.Southern
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EPRichmon
Inst
.Collegiate
arham
CHWinston
Inst
Female
.Richmond
.
schools
primary
. Nineteen
schools
colored
Eight
county
Roanoke
Salem
Sogan
alem
rs
LMSeminary
.ACFemale
Mohnston
School
Female
,.FRJLongwood
iss
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1867
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24
June
24June
June
30June
30June
30
30June
30June
June
30June
3030
30June
June
3030
June
30June
June
3030
June
3030June
June
June
0
June
3000150'3June
30
1
July
.J19une
21
June
1
June
1
1June
June
SUPERINTENDENT OF PUBLIC INSTRUCTION.
217
: : i
: : :
warer 6
(continued
)Roanoke
schools
.primary
Eight
.FamilyTwo
schools
.
schools
colored
.
schools
primary
Five
.Family
schools
county
Spotsylvania
countyTen
Scott
. Shenandoah
schools
primary
county
.
schools
primary
Six
connty
Smyth
. Southampton
schools
primary
Four
county
Rockingham
county
.
schools
primary
Fourteen
.
schools
Family
county
Russell
.
schools
primary
Three
Famil
.schoo
primalsry
Four
.schoo
lsy
One
school
primary
schools
.Family
county
Rockbridge
P, RIN
LGCaruthers
.Miss
ev
.JWPRlratt
Academy
Smith
Ann
LJ.LSchoo
Class
uyical
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Acad
Hill
AME
NOF
,ICOUNTY
CITY
ORNAME
,OPRESIDENT
.CIPAL
RTEACHER
NMFHMarrison
ew
rs
.Market
Seminary
Female
burg
and
ownsnary
rirkl
iss
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vue
Belle
. gton
Lexin
V.
V.
W.
'bredericksburg
BFred
Academy
FMale
Caruthers
.and
urg
uckner
..DCMLiberty
Ford
Mile
Seven
School
iller
High
W.
Grade.
.LCProf
BHollins
Springs
has
ocke
otetourt
Institute
-OFFICE
.POST
White or colored.
2
13
of
.
SCHOOL
AND
White or colored .
TELES
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1
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.
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In.
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| Incorporated or
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private.
Date of organization.
P.
Denomination,if any.
9
186
1869
1865
.
Pres
structors
.of
in-No
1
23
121
972
3
M.&F
.&FM
M.&F
34
10M.&F
F.21
M.
978
10
9%
10
.2000100
Board per month.
No. vols. in library.
per month .
175
30
51 4
18
27| 5
|500
|500
0356$00
05200
10
Tuition per month .
F.
.M
F.
.. . .
11
75
Incidental charges
.M
M&F.
.&FM
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No.of
F.
.
Pupils
No.months keptopen.
.&FM 131 %2
3
1
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1
M.&F!113
4 M.& F.
1
4
1
3
. ...
3
1
5
Female.
Sex of
Baptt
1842
Male.
—(Continued
SCHOOLS
HIGH
AND
.)PRIMARY
June
sion .
28
July
28July
21
June
15
June
15June
22June
27
June
21
June
3
May
June
218
SECOND ANNUAL REPORT OF THE
| Time of ending ses
Stafford
county
primarsy
Three
.school
y
.York
count
county
Westmoreland
.Family
schools
county
Wise
schools
primary
Three
.
county
Wythe
schools
primary
.
Family
schools Three
schools
primary
.Six
county
Warren
Washington
county
-*Surry
county
Sussex
county
school
primary
.One
scbool
colored
.One
county
Tazewell
schools
primary
Five
.
Wytheville
Classical
School
.
McDowell
ev
SRMountain
allen
.DLView
.
Academy
.WBDGoodson
evault
Academy
Male
Abingdon
R
.
C
arson
obert
Washingt
'gMartha
.RWJCol
ones
e Stonewall
on
.Jackson
Inst
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amuel
,Tenn
.Bristol
*Nreports
received
.o
ytheville
.
Abingdon
..
,Tenn
.Bristol
Abingdon
.Abingdon
1871
Woc
Meth
.
Pres
'n
Pres
'n
M.)3 eth
M
F.
5/.&F|M 7
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†Nprivate
schools
.o
county
inthe
.M
M.&F
E&.
M .
20 10
146 233
6
60 4
5040 10495
40 1010
M.&F 82
12
29/ 1
24
05 0
250
|1 6
425
255500
02
501200001200303001
June
June
June
.2Dec
Dec
4
.26
.1May
Dec
85
SUPERINTENDENT OF PUBLIC INSTRUCTION.
*
*
- A180CDI
219
.Theological
Seminary
Union
.
NAME
ahas
'sC.J*Sollege
t
ohn
.
,
Market
New
.
LOCATION
Richmond
Richmond
.
incomplete
volumes
inLibrary
*Report
ofnumber
'ary
Sem
Theological
Protestant
Episcopal
,Dumb
Blind
and
Deaf
for
Asylum
Virginia
.
.Macon
College
Randolph
Ashland
. Richmond
Salem
ichmond
.RCollege
.
Virginia
College
. Medical
School
Polytechnic
.
College
. Commercial
School
Telegraph
White
Normal
. Colored
School
Normal
School
.
..Colver
Institute
Hampton
'sInstitute Dominion
Old
College
Business
.* ollege
C'sJSt
ohn.
Roanoke
College
.
.ofVirginia
University
.
LOCATION
5 Date of Organiza
.
PRESIDENT
tors.
365
300
312
167
183
140
Virginia.
Number of
Catholic
Roman
1869
Tuition perSession.
.
tist
66
853
60
133
25
39
|40
00
Free
110
0075
40
40|F0050ree
00$50
800
0012
824abney
1D.,RLDcoRPrince
Presbyterian
621 Free 00$1205
ev
43 Free 00
.Episcopal
ohns
823
,DL1JJRFairfax
evEdward
county
125
,0*2150
.May
5031st
. 30th
1st
June
.
June
.J30th
30th
une
.100
June
.June
30th
June
500
.1,200
12th
SECOND ANNUAL REPORT OF THE
.and
September
1,200
March
inJune
Thursday
9,000
Last
ofending
Time
.
Session
.7,500
10th
May
June
5000148,03400
1 00
July
018July
00
4005,003,5June
85,350
1,500
0010
0035,01June
500
/$7200
June
001510,00000
41500|,0July
(1June
00173
,075001315June
00
6000134,814750
857
8
49
71! 09
Students
oNo
.f
Board per Month.
921
72
165
81
139
36118
106
150
54
States
from
Number of volumes
in Library.
|1813
124
35
11
853
D1,FRev
ittle
B.Lutheran
158
11
.|1844
Baptist
77
.Hampden
Presbyterian
1Sydney
776
A
D
,
tkinson
.Edward
JMPPrince
Rev
county
76
. College
Episcopal
1693
.Methodist
,D1ADRev
J1838
asuncan
. 831
Methodist
. . . . . . . . . . . .
.
SCHOOLS
TECHNICAL
1870
B.H,Bco’tShenandoah
yenton
D.ALMRichmond
rayer
1866
1cGovern
871
M
&
.
Paynter
Richmond
.AWashburne
1867
1867
.RMManlyGeneral
Rev
Richmond
A
C
.
S
rmstrong
1868
.
Hampton
1866
CRev
CH orey
s
.NMrichol.mond
1868
Rich
cCoy
harles
M.DBM,JRichmond
851
acCaw
V1MCD.Staunton
.
PRESIDENT
.Theological
-|ment
depart
attached
well
William
Mary
and
College
.GBSEeneral
K.O'MNorfolk
Reefe
evWilliamsburg
,B.PAM uryear
,DE ashington
iley
county
.Rand
ev
Emory
WHenry
College
,L.DCharlottesville
C8Vee
enable
.GWCLGeneral
eneral
Lexington
University
Lee
and
Washington
1.FHSGLInstitute
839mith
Virginia
Military
exington
tion .
tion.
Date of Or
ganiza
tion.
Number of Instruc
of In
DO CON OTCO EForn No.structors.
.
NAME
Denomination .
Denomina
Other
.
COLLEGES
per .
Session
sion .
Number of
Students.
Tuition
Timeofending Ses
Board per
.
Month .
No. vols. in
Library .
220
SUPERINTENDENT OF PUBLIC INSTRUCTION.
221
SUMMARIES FOR THE STATE .
SCHOOL POPULATION —(CENSUS 1870.)
Number of persons between fiveand twenty -one years of age :
............... 247,002
................ 164,019
White.....
Colored..
411,021
PUBLIC SCHOOLS .
Number of public schools :*
White........
2,788
907
Colored .............
Number of graded schools.........
Average length of session (in months)..
Number of schools yet needed (average 20 pupils)..............
.
(
"
15 "
Pupils.
. .
.
.
.
.
.
. .
.
.
.
.
.
O
3,695
107
5 .72
680
562
)...........
.
Number of pupils enrolled :
White................
Colored ....
.......... 119,641
............ 46,736
166,377
"
"
in average daily attendance:
69,116
White .............
Colored .....
OOOO .
.
.
. 001
26,372
95,488
Per centage of school population enrolled :
White...
Colored .... . .. .. . ..
Colored
in average attendance :
White .........
48.4
28.6
40 . 5
27.8
Colored .................
.. .. ... .. .
16 .1
23.2
of those enrolled in average attendance:
White . .. .. ... .. ... .. .. .. .. ... .. .. .. ... .... .....
... . .. ...
Colored ............
57.8
56 .4
57,4
............................
Cost" of tuition
per" month per pupil enrolled ...........
"
in average attendance...... .........
* Counting each grade of one teacher in a graded school as one school.
. 70
$ 1.22
222
SECOND ANNUAL REPORT OF THE
Teachers.
2 ,346
Number of white male teachers.........
“ female teachers... .............
colored male teachers...............
" female teachers...........
1,147
224
color
136
3,853
Average monthly salary
:
Male
s........... ... .......
Females ........
.....
$30 58
.. .. . .. .. ..
28 25
$ 29 81
County Superintendents.
Number of county and city superintendents...........
Average number of visits made to schools...........
teachers examined .......
48
official letters written..................
245
miles travelled on official business...
828
138
days employed ............
salary from State ...
$ 92 51
310 95
salary from State,less incidentals..............
218 44
amount of incidental expenses*..............................
county ..............
186 80
State and county.
State and county, less incidentals ...
497 75
415 24
School Houses.
Number of log........ .......
.............................
.............. .......... ............
frame............
brick
..
brick .................
2,036
1,357
142
stone ...............
3,559
Whole number used ........
504
... .. ... ... .. .. .. .... .
Number owned by districts........
Value of school property owned by districts.................
$387,672 00
PRIVATE SCHOOLS.
Number of Primary Schools :
White ............
Colored..
Number of High Schools.................
Colleges.......
Technical Schools...............
Total number of private schools.... ........
* Not paid out of public funds.
610
37
647
181
12
850
SUPERINTENDENT OF PUBLIC INSTRUCTION .
$ 1 90
Cost of tuition per month in primary schools..............
"
223
high schools...... .......... ....................
4 91
colleges and technical schools..............
7 00
Average length of session of primary schools................................ 6.75 months.
"
high schools .............
.. ......... ...... .. .... 8 .33 months.
colleges and technical schools.............. 9. months.
Number of pupils attending primary schools:
White .........
........................ 8,844
Colored ........................................... 1,476
10,320
Number of pupils attending high schools................
"na
colleges
co
................
n
7,491
1,813
"
technical schools...
853
20,477
Number of teachers in primary schools.............
"
high schools.................
"
colleges....... .............
technical schools........
715
574
124
66
Whole number of schools, public and private .............
of teachers in public and private schools .................
of pupils in public and private schools.................
1,479
4 ,545
5,332
186 ,854
NOTE.— The slightdiscrepancy between some of the items of this summary and
the corresponding itemson page VIII, arises from the fact that one or two reports
were received after the first summary had been printed.
224
SECOND ANNUAL REPORT OF THE
FINANCIAL SUMMARY.
Total amount of funds— applicable to current expenses — received by
the second auditor from taxes and interest...........
............ . $346,593
62
EXPENSES (INCLUDING UNPAID BALANCES.)
To State Funds.
For pay of teachers and treasurers
387,815 22
For pay of county superintendents... ..................
28,296 88
For pay of clerks in office of Superintendent Public In
struction ............................ ...........
2,200 00
For travelling expenses of Superintendent Public Instruc
175 09
tion ............................................. ...
For printing............ ...............................................
For postage ..........................
. . . C
630 00
331 20
For Educational Journal............
For stationery and books ..........................................
430 10
For miscellaneous expenses............
422 00
301 94
4,490 33
For salary of Superintendent Public Instruction, paid out of State
2,000 00
treasury ......
$422,602 43
Total........
To County Funds.
202,865 48
For pay of teachers and treasurers ...........
For pay of county superintendents.............. ............. 16,998 15
Peabody fund and private donations........................... 52,384 98
$272,248 61
To District Funds.
For real estate, rent, building and repairs .................... 155,504 09
For furniture and other apparatus.............................. 22,905 42
For text books for indigent children , and other expenses.. 46,533 41
For pay of clerks of district boards...........
...........
19,524 68
For treasurers' commissions............
4,636 73
Value of means furnished without expense to districts ... 49, 363 22
Total...
$ 298,467 55
SUPERINTENDENT OF PUBLIC INSTRUCTION
225
Whole Cost of Public Education for the year ending August 31, 1872.(including un
paid balances.)
To State To County To District To other TOTAL.
Funds.
Funds.
Funds.
sources .
For pay of teachers and treasurers......... $ 387,815 22 $202,865 48 .......... $52,384 98 $643,065 68
45,295 03
For pay of county superintendents. ... 28,296 88 16,998 15
For expenses of central office................| 6,490 33
6,490 33
For district expenses.. ........ ................ .
249,104 33 49,363 22 298,467 55
Total..................... $422,602 43 $ 219,863 63 $249,104 33|$ 101,748 20 $993,318 59
[Estimates for Mathews county included.]
Deduct $ 176,506 56, the excess of value of public school property in 1872 over
that in 1871, and wehave as the total cost for current expenses $816,812 03.
NOTE. - The total cost of public education in the State for the year is less than
the amount reported, because it appeared evidentin analyzing the reports of County
Superintendents that some of them had charged to the current year's account the
liabilities for the year previous, which were paid during the current year. This
discovery wasmade too late to return the reports for correction.
NOTE. — The account of the Second Auditor,made out for any given period,will
never correspond with the accounts kept in this office for the same period, because
drafts come in to the Second Auditor which do not appear in our statement for the
period, they having been issued from this office previous to the beginning of the
period . Moreover,drafts will have been issued from this office which as yet have
not been forwarded to the Second Auditor.
Differences also arise from the terms used and manner of grouping the items in
the two offices respectively. So that absolute harmony between the accounts can
be established only by following out the items in each . It should be observed also
that in making up our estimates for the cost of the public school system for the
year,we include the unpaid liabilities as well as the actual payments.
29
226
SECOND ANNUAL REPORT OF THE
SECOND AUDITOR'S REPORT.
SECOND AUDITOR'S OFFICE,
RICHMOND, September 12 , 1872.
Rev. W . H . RUFFNER,
Superintendent of Public Instruction :
I here present a statement of the receipts and disbursements on account of
the Literary Fund, from the 31st of August, 1871, to the 1st of September, 1872:
RECEIPTS.
From capitation and property tax.
Of Wm . F . Taylor, Auditor of Public Accounts, for Public Free Schools for the
year 1870 – 71 –
1871 — Sept'r 16..........
October 9...
Dec'r 2..............
1872 - Febʼy 14 ............
April
9.
............. $ 20,000
25,000
. ............. 13,000
............ 11,000
........
00
00
00
00
4, 182 33
$ 73 ,182 33
For the year 1871-' 72 –
1871 — October 9.......
Dec'r
2.. ...... ... ... ....
1872 — Febʼy 14 ........
April
July
9..............
2 ... ......
............. 75,000 00
.............. 112,000 00
...... .... 85,000 00
.............. 29,928 10
.............. 13 ,500 00
315 ,428 10
From interest on Virginia State stock .
Of Asa Rogers, Second Auditor
1872 — April 20. Two per cent, interest, payable 1 Janu
ary , 1872, on two-thirds of unfunded registered
6 per cent. stock, amounting to $882,367 33...... 11,764 89
July 9. Ditto , 1 July , 1872, less $588 24, State
11, 176 66
tax on the stock ..........
April 20. One and two-thirds per cent. interest,
payable 1 January , 1872 ; do., 5 per cent. do.,
$ 155,000.......
Carried forward..
. .. . . . .. . . . . .
1,724 44
............. $ 24,665 99
227
SUPERINTENDENT OF PUBLIC INSTRUCTION .
Brought forward......
............... $ 24,665 99
July 9. Ditto, 1 July , 1872 , less $98 29 State tax
on the stock ................ ................................
1,626 15
April 20. Two per cent. interest, payably 1 Janu
ary , 1872, on two-thirds of unfunded registered
6 per cent. old James River Company stock ,
amounting to $ 112,500 (225 shares)................. 1,500 00
July 9. Ditto, 1 July, 1872, do., less $ 75 State tax
on the stock ................................. .. . . . . . .. . ... 1,425 00
June 29. Two per cent. interest, payable 1 Janu
ary, 1872, on 6 per cent. coupon bonds, issued
under act of March 30th, 1871, amounting to
...... .. ...
$ 22,100 ............
442 00
July 9. Ditto, 1 July , 1872, do., less $27 62 State
tax on the bonds.
414 38
30,073 52
From interest on loan to Washington College.
Of Asa Rogers, Second Auditor
1871 - December 29. The interest on $2,000 of old James River
Company stock, from 1 January, 1865, to 1 July , 1871,
due to said college, and payable to the Literary Fund ,
............ . 780 00
6 per cent............
1872 – August 22. Ditto, from 1 July, 1871, to 1 July , 1872, do. 120 00= 900 00
From interest on stock of the city of Richmond.
1872—-January 31. Of the city of Richmond, the interest due
the 1st of January, 1872, on a certificate of 6 per cent.
.......... 180 00
stock of $400....
July 23. Ditto, to the 1st of July, 1872 , do..................
12 00
192 00
From Commonwealth 's fines.
Of Wm . F. Taylor, Auditor of Public Accounts ,
1872 — January 31. The amount of fines from the 14th ofMay, 1866,
to the 30th of September , 1871.....
..... . 12,333 83
From refunded salary .
Of Wm . F. Taylor, Auditor of Public Accounts —
1871 — December 6. The amonnt of thesalary of the Superintendent
of Public Instruction , paid erroneously out of the fund and
returned to it.............
..........
Amount of receipts......
2,772 31
$434,882 09
The balance in the treasury to the credit of the fund on the 1st of
September, 1871..
8,811 92
$443,694 01
228
SECOND ANNUAL REPORT OF THE
DISBURSEMENTS .
$399,329 88
1871 -'72 — To county treasurers......
26,495 36
To county superintendents of schools ....
For the salaries of the clerks in the office of the Superin
tendent of Public Instruction ..........
2,381 96
For postage.................. .......................
For Educational Journal......... .........
For printing...........................
331 20
430 10
867 70
For stationery ......... .................... .......
For miscellaneous expenses.....................
.
.
. .
.
. .
.
.
. .
. . .
35 64
722 00
$430,593 84
Investment.
1872- February 9. In $22,100 of Virginia coupon bonds issued
under act of March 30th, 1871, 6 per cent.....
12,333 83
$ 442,927 67
Amount of disbursements...........
1872 — September 1. The balance in the Treasury to the credit of the
Literary Fund........
766 34
$443,694 01
Very respectfully,
ASA ROGERS,
Second Auditor,
APPENDIX .
VIRGINIA
AGRICULTURAL AND MECHANICAL COLLEGE.
ITS HISTORY.
The Congressional land scrip was disposed of by act of General As
sembly , approved March 19th, 1872, one-third thereof being bestowed
on the Hampton Normal and Agricultural School, and two-thirds set
apart for the establishment of a separate institution , to be called the
Virginia Agricultural and Mechanical College, and to be located at
Blacksburg, Montgomery county ; provided the real estate belonging to
Preston and Olin Institute be transferred without cost to the Visitors of
the new college ; and provided also the county of Montgomery should
vote the sum of $ 20,000 as an addition to the funds of the college.
It was required in this and subsequent acts, that a Board of Visitors
should be created, consisting of nine persons to be appointed by the
Governor, the President of the Virginia Agricultural Society , and the
members of the Board of Education ; and still further, that the Board
of Education , acting conjointly with the Principal of the Hampton
school, and the Rector of the new college should make sale of the land
scrip , and invest the proceeds in stocks bearing not less than five per
cent. interest.
The Governor appointed as members of the Board of Visitors, Messrs.
D . C . DeJarnette, John Goode, Jr., J. R . Anderson, W . T . Sutherlin ,
Robert Beverly, Joseph Cloyd, W . A . Stuart, J. T. Cowan and Harvey
Black.
The first meeting of the Board was held at the Exchange Hotel,
Richmond, on the 25th day of March, 1872, and continued in session
for two days. The members present were Messrs. D . C . De Jarnette,
John Goode, Jr., J . R . Anderson, W . T . Sutherlin , Robert Beverly, W .
A . Stuart, J. T. Cowan, Harvey Black, W : H . Ruffner and J. C . Taylor.
Dr. Black was chosen Rector, and W . H . Ruffner , Secretary .
A committee, consisting of Messrs. Ruffner, Anderson and Sutherlin ,
was appointed to report a plan of organization and instruction for the
new college, to the next meeting of the Board.
VIRGINIA AGRICULTURAL AND
Messrs. Black, Cowan and Cloyd were appointed a committee to see
whether a suitable farm for the use of the college could be purchased ,
and on what terms, and report at the next meeting
The Board adjourned on the 26th of March , to meet at the Mont
gomery White Sulphur Springs on the 18th of July, at which time and
place the trustees of Preston and Olin Institute were requested to meet
the Board prepared to execute all proper conveyances of that property,
provided the county of Montgomery should have complied with the pro
visions of the act.
In pursuance of the resolution adopted at the session in Richmond,
the Board convened at the Montgomery White Sulphur Springs on the
18th of July, and continued in laborious session for three days. All
the members were present, to wit: Messrs. Black (Rector), Governor G .
C . Walker, W . H . Ruffner, Superintendent of Public Instruction , J. C .
Taylor, Attorney -General, Lewis E . Harvie, President of the Virginia
Agricultural Society , D . C. DeJarnette, John Goode, Jr., J. R . Ander
son, W . T . Sutherlin , Robert Beverly, Joseph Cloyd , W . A . Stuart and
J. T. Cowan.
At an early stage of the proceedings,the report of the Committee on
Organization , which is hereafter given in full,was called for and read .
The Executive Committee of the Virginia Agricultural Society , and
the trustees of Preston and Olin Institute, who were on the ground, were
invited to be present during the reading of this report.
Mr. A . Phlegar, of Christiansburg,appeared as the representative of
the Board of Supervisors of Montgomery county, and furnished evidence
that the county had complied with the conditions required by the act of
Assembly approved March 21, 1872, entitled “ An act to authorize sub
scriptions in aid of the Virginia Agricultural and Mechanical College
at Blacksburg,” by voting the requisite $20,000 by a large majority ,
and that said subscription would be paid in eight equal annual install
ments, falling due on the 1st day of each January ,with accrued interest,
beginning with January, 1873, bearing interest from July 1, 1872, and
secured by coupon bonds. Mr. Phlegar having made a formal tender
of this subscription to the Board , on motion of Mr. Goode, the subscrip
tion thus made and tendered was unanimously accepted as a full com
pliance with the conditions required by law .
A deed of conveyance of the property of Preston and Olin Institute
was made in due form .
Governor Walker, as President of the Board of Education , made a
statement concerning the sale of land scrip , and the investment of the
proceeds thereof, the price obtained being ninety -five cents per acre, the
MECHANICAL COLLEGE.
largest price obtained by any State. So much of the proceeds of the
sale as had been realized were invested in Virginia State bonds.
The 19th of July was spent by the Board at Blacksburg , viewing the
property of the Preston and Ohio Institute and such lands as were
offered for sale to the college.
There are five acres of land belonging to the institute, with a sub
stantial three story brick building, 100 feet by 40, containing three
recitation rooms, a chapel, and twenty -four lodging rooms.
Blacksburg is a small town, occupying a plateau of high table land ;
it is seven miles from the Atlantic, Mississippiand Ohio railroad, and
within a few miles areurthe
rings aSulphur
al oMontgomery
bjects of grepWhite
nd New Springs,
he AAll
Rings,tthe
leghany Springs, the Yellow Sulphur Springs and New River Springs,
and a number of natural objects of great interest. The scenery is pic
turesque, the soil of fine quality limestone land, and the climate very
healthful at all seasons. The country around Blacksburg really belongs
to the great Valley of Virginia, a region of the State possessed of ·
boundless resources. Veins of coalof superior quality, and large bodies
of timber, lie within easy reach.
Before the adjournment of the Board , a contract was made with
Colonel Robert T. Preston for the purchase of a portion of his ļome
estate, known as “ Solitude,” including themansion and principal farm
buildings, and all that part of the farm lying west thereof, supposed to
contain two hundred and fifty acres. The tract of land thus purchased
is one of great beauty and fertility , lying within one- fourth of a mile of
the Institute building. The price to be paid is eighty-five dollars per
acre, and full possession will be given October 1st, 1872. A mill stream
passes through the farm ; there is water in every field , and limestone
and sulphur springs are convenient to the mansion.
During themeeting of the Board, it was resolved to apply one-tenth
of the proceeds of the land scrip to the purchase of this farm .
It was determined to elect annually a Treasurer ,who should act also
as Secretary of the Faculty and Board of Visitors, Librarian, and Proc
tor, giving bond in the penalty of $ 10 ,000, and to receive a salary of
$ 1,000 per annum . Mr. V . E. Shepherd was elected to fill these offices.
The Board resolved to take all needful steps to put the college in
operation on the 1st of October , 1872. Instruction for the first year
was committed to the following corps of officers :
1. A President, who, with the concurrence of the Executive Commit
tee, may appoint an Instructor, if deemed necessary.
2. A Professor of Chemistry and Natural Philosophy.
3. A Professor of Mathematics and Modern Languages.
VIRGINIA AGRICULTURAL AND
4. A Professor of Technical Agriculture and Mechanics .
Military Tactics to be assigned to some one of the Professors, as may
be agreed upon.
The salary of the President was fixed at $ 2,000, and that of each
Professor at $ 1,500 ; the tuition fees to be divided equally among the
members of the Faculty, provided the addition to the income of any
member thereof shall not exceed $500.
The Board resolved to meet on the 14th of August at the Yellow
Sulphur Springs, for the purpose of electing Professors. The Rector
was instructed to givenotice of the fact in the Richmond and Christians
burg papers, and to state that changes might be made in the assignment
of branches of instruction to suit the wishes of the Professors who may
be elected .
The charges to each student not exempted by law were fixed at
thirty dollars for tuition , and ten dollars for college fees. The act of
assembly requires that the college shall give instruction free of all fees .
to as many students as there are members of the House of Delegates,
to be selected by the school authorities of the several counties.
· A standing committee of three members, to be called the Executive
Committee, was appointed , whose duty it should be to have general
charge and oversight of the college between the sessions of the Board ,
and to see that the regulations and orders of the Board be duly carried
out. Committee Messrs . Black, Stuart and Cloyd .
This committee was instructed to make inquiries concerning board
and lodging for students, and report at the next meeting.
On motion of Mr. De Jarnette , it was unanimously resolved that the
report of the Committee on Organization be adopted ,and that two thou
sand copies thereof be published in pamphlet form , together with an
abstract of the proceedings of this Board from its first meeting to the
close of the session to be held on the 14th of August ; and the same
committee was instructed to attend to the publication .
MECHANICAL COLLEGE.
PLAN OF ORGANIZATION .
(REPORT OF COMMITTEE.)
All schools may be divided into three classes :
1. Elementary .
2 . Liberal.
3 . Technical.
1. By Elementary , aremeant schools for teaching those studies which
form the introduction to all other studies, and which are now adjudged
to be indispensable to every civilized man.
2 . In Liberal schools are taught studies designed primarily to liberal
ize and strengthen the mind. The old -fashioned college curriculum
was intended to embrace the most important of these branches in such
proportion as to produce the highest result in developing the powers of
the student. This curriculum has not generally been retained in modern
American colleges in its integrity , but the studies composing it are still
retained, and they still have the weight of opinion in their favor.
Educators have different views as to the relative value of the various
branches of study, but all agree as to the disciplinary value of a liberal
education .
3. Technical schools are designed to qualify the student for some par
ticular vocation. They are now very numerous, and may in time be
come as diversified as are human employments. They are all based
upon the doctrine, that there is pertaining to every pursuit a theory and
a practice worth learning, and better learned in schools than in active
life .
Schools of Law , Medicine and Theology, have long been in vogue.
Normal Schools are becoming general. Polytechnic Schools are starting
up everywhere , either as separate institutions, or as outgrowths from
colleges and universities; and there will soon be schools without num
ber for commercial, manufacturing,mining,agricultural and mechanical
pursuits.
The amount of generalknowledge required to profit by these special
schools varies not only with the leading subject taught in the schools,
but with the manner of teaching it.
What is called a common college course, is usually regarded as an in
dispensable preparation for the schools of law ,medicine and theology,
on account of its knowledge and its gymnastic power . It is contended,
with great force, that every man is the better for this liberal college
VIRGINIA AGRICULTURAL AND
education, whatever may be his subsequent pursuit. But it has been :
found impossible to hold the world up to this doctrine. Simpler and
more directmethods of education have been demanded . The establish
ment of the Polytechnic School, by the French government in 1794,
marks the first great divergence from the established course of educa
tion. The name originally given to it, indicates the want it was de
signed to supply ; it was called “ The Central School of Public Works,”
and was meant to supply engineers, both civil and military .
The style of education known as polytechnic discards, or at least
passes lightly over the “ humanities,” in the general sense , viz : lan
guage, rhetoric , literature, history, social and political science, psycho
logy and ethics ; and gives prominence to mathematics, physics, ana
lyticalmechanics, geodesy , descriptive geometry, drawing, and modern
languages. The general training of the mental powers forms no part
of its purpose , but its advocates contend that its studies have as fine a
gymnastic effect as those of the curriculum .
The great characteristic of all forms of polytechnic education is that
it has an objective purpose,one external to the student himself,and
external to man as man . Its foundations are in the objective sciences ;
its eye is upon nature, whose powers are studied that they may be
utilized.
This may not be the broadest and highest style of education, and yet
it is one of great value to society, and one which has produced men of
immortal fame. Its influence in developing the riches,and applying the
forces of nature for the use of man has been , and is, incalculable. There
is an inherent reason too why a polytechnic course must be thoroughly
mastered by the pupil : its results in practice must be exact, or they are
worthless. Hence the rigid drills of these schools.
Men who are or will be educated in polytechnic schools may be divi
ded into two grand divisions, viz : those who handle instruments, and.
those who handle tools ; or , those who plan, and those who execute.
The former class may be made to include men of capital who own
farmsand factories, but who do no manual labor; it includes also pro
fessional chemists, who are employed by manufacturers in testing and
compounding medicines,chemicals used in the arts, and manures,natu
raland artificial, in analyzing soils, food, & c.,and perhaps in conducting
systematic experiments in medical, agricultural and mechanical prac
tice ; but this grade of polytechnic students mostly become engineers.
MECHANICAL COLLEGE ,
SCIENTIFIC ENGINEERING .
Engineering has been defined by Webster, “ The science and the
art of utilizing the forces and materials of nature.” This definition is
not exact, because under it might be included the chemist, the archi
tect, and the scientific farmer and mechanic. The radical idea of en
gineering is contrivance — scheming to use the forces and materials of
nature to accomplish a purpose. If it be contrivance to subserve mili
tary ends, it is military engineering ; if it be for civil purposes, it is
civil engineering. Butengineering has been sub-divided into a great num
ber of special branches. A beautiful distinction is made between civil
and mechanical engineering. The work of thecivil engineer belongs to the
department of statics ; that of the mechanical engineer to dynamics.
The work of the former is fixed , that of the latter is moved by power.
The former makes roads, and the latter machines : and of these wé
have other sub-divisions— mining, topographical,agricultural,hydraulic,
steam , gas engineering, & c., & c.
All these varieties of engineering are learned professions, requiring
almost as many years of laborious study as any of the other professions.
And hence engineering in all its branches belongs properly to institu
tions of high grade. Whether this profession should be provided for
by separate schools of high grade, is a question which may well engage
the thoughts of both educators and statesmen. As a fact, however,
colleges and universities are very generally incorporating departments
of engineering in their courses of instruction . And the young men
who pursue the engineering conrse are of the same class as have
usually attended college.
Those who pass successfully through the engineer's course do not
become practicalmechanics, except a small proportion of those who study
mechanical engineering. A few of these go into the workshops, and
rise to fine positions as master workmen . This number may increase.
Whilst the scholarly training of these engineers will incline them to
the departments of mere designing and general superintendence of con
struction , the increasingly high wages now given to accomplished work
men may inclinemen of polytechnic education to exchange the pencil
for the chisel. Should this tendency increase, independent polytechnic
schools of high grade will become a necessity ; not only because literary
institutions cannot be expected to provide the necessary machinery for
practice, but because there would then be a growing incompatibility
between the dominant ideas belonging to the two forms of education .
The enforced conjunction of incongruous systems of education
VIRGINIA AGRICULTURAL AND
must end in the destruction of the weaker. Every successful school
must have an idiosyncracy — a life of its own - into which everything
about it is absorbed.
But as long as the engineer handles instruments, and not tools, his
education may be made to harmonize with that of the other learned pro
fessions; and hence be successfully pursued in colleges and universities.
It is, howevever an education for the few and not for the many. A
very small corps of engineers will keep busy at work an army of con
tractors,master workmen , miners, journeymen and common laborers.
The engineer will plan the iron bridge, but he will not toil in the ore
bank, the furnace, the foundry, or the machine shop. The mining en
gineer will survey the mineral land, test the quality of the mineral,
indicate the place for drifts and shafts, provide for drainage and pure
air ; but the whole work of developing the mine is done by other hands
than his.
Now it is easy to perceive that if the engineer needs to be an accom
plished scholar, the man who stands next below him ought not to be an
ignoramus. If theman whomakes the picture of a bridge needsan educa
tion, the man who makes the bridge itself needs an education also. The
builder may not need so much learning as the planner,but he does need
some of the same sort of learning in order to execute the work intelli
gently . He has his plans and calculations to make; he needs to under
stand the nature of the materials he is to work up , and the principles
on which they are to be built together. And through all the processes
of working up the various crude materials into their final shape there
is needed a skill and an intelligence beyond what can be learned in the
shop.
The want of some special provision for the practical classes first
found expression about the middle of the last century in the Real
Schools of Germany, and from that time to this the idea has been gain
ing, and has been embodied in a variety of forms, that special schools
are needed for mechanics, farmers, and traders for the same reason that
they are needed for lawyers, doctors and engineers. Hence, besides
the high grade schools, there are in Europe schools suited to the special
wants of almost every class of people. The effect of these special
schools in promoting national prosperity is prodigious.
MECHANICAL SCHOOLS.
Hoyt, in his valuable Report on Education in Europe, states that
nothing could be more evident at the Paris Exposition in 1867, than
MECHANICAL COLLEGE.
the fact that those countries which had established special schools for
the mechanic arts excelled all others in the mechanical products result
ing from such special training.
As early as the latter part of the last century, artisan schools began
to spring up in many parts of France and Belgium , and in some other
countries — schools for instruction in the arts of engraving, coloring, dye
ing, of the making of astronomical instruments, stone-cutting and glass
making, of the working of metals into every variety of form - schools
likewise of various grades for instruction in the principles and practice
of the more complex and comprehensive arts of mining, engineering,
agriculture, & c. — and to-day it is undeniable that in nearly all the
branches of industry named , in every one, Hoyt affirms,) those coun
tries are the acknowledged leaders of all others. Similar schools have
sprung up by the thousand in Prussia, Switzerland , Holland , and all
the German States, and are exhibiting results similar to those of France
and Belgium .
These results,can be spoken of with confidence, inasmuch as they
were thoroughly tested at the different World 's Fairs which have been
held , and particularly at the Paris Exposition of 1867. These results
have been studied by intelligent practical men, and are shown to be
directly connected as cause and effect with the general intelligence and
special training of the workmen who produced the fabrics.
This whole
matter was the subject of one of the most remarkable investigations of
modern times — one made by order of the Parliament of England. The
results of this investigation are noticed at some length in the annual
report of the Superintendent of Public Instruction for 1871; but it is
proper in this connection to repeat a few of the leading facts and quota
tions there presented , with some not therein adduced . In 1851, Eng
land had surpassed all competitors at the World 's Fair held in London
in nearly every department. Sixteen years later, superiority was ad
judged to her in only ten of a hundred of the departments ; in other
words, she was beaten in ninety out of every hundred of articles exhi
bited . As theresult of this terrible defeat, the kingdom was convulsed ,
and this investigating commission was appointed . The testimonies were
almost unanimous to the effect that the superiority of the continental
workmen was owing to their general and specialtraining.
J. Scott Russell, F. R . S., says:
“ As a juror in the Paris Exposition , I have come to the conclusion that the
higher class of education given in each of those countries to the workmen in its
skilled trades, as well as the superior professional education given to the higher
10
VIRGINIA AGRICULTURAL AND
classes ofmen employed in technical professions, is everywhere visible in the works
exbibited by those countries, and I attribute the surprising strides thuse countries
have been making in the last ten years in many of the great staple branches of
mechanical corstruction and manufacture to the admirable scientific and practical
training which the governments of those countries provide for their working
classes ."
A . J. Mundella,managing partner in a hosiery firm employing five
thousand operatives, says :
" While I believe the English workman is possessed of greater naturalcapacity
than any of liis foreign competitors, I am ofopinion that he is gradually losing the
race through the superior intelligence which foreign governments are carefully
developing in their artisans.”
James Young, Esq ..(Chemical Works) says :
“ The reason for this increased rate of progress is the excellent system of tech
nical education given to the masters of work-shops,sub managers, foremen, and
even workmen .”
Mr. Scott Russell adds :
“ We find that some nations have gone so far as to have established in every
considerable town technical schools for the purpose of teaching to the youth to be
craftsmen , those branches of science which relate most nearly to their future craft.
“ Workers in metal are taught the nature of the mechanical powers with which
they willhave to work, and themechanicalproperties of the materials they will have
to operate upon ; engine builders are taught the principles of heat and steam , and
the nature of the engines they will have to make and work : ship builders are
taught the laws of construction, hydraulics, and hydrostatics: and dyers and
painters are taught the laws of chemistry and color. All skilled youth are taught
geometry, drawing, and calculation : and in many countries, every youth who
shows great talent in any department is promoted to a higher training school and
there educated at the public cost. Beside these local schools, other countries have
technical colleges of a very high class for the education of masters, and foremen in
engineering, mechanics, merchandise, and other practical and technical profes
sions.
“ Wehave not failed to notice that it is precisely those nations which have been
systematically giving a course of preparatory training and education to their
population in their skilled trades that have shown the most inarked progress in
national industry in these successive exhibitions. Prussia, Switzerland, Belgium ,
France and America, seem to make progress in proportion to their excellence of
educational training.
“ Prussia in steel, iron and general engineering work ; Switzerland in scientific
engineering,machinery,and watch and telegraph work, and in textile manufac
tures; Belgium in metal working and mechanical trades; France in metal work ,
and in steam engines, engineering structure, naval architecture and steam naviga
tion. All these nations seem to exhibit growing skill and progress in proportion
to the excellence of the education they give to their manufacturing population."
MECHANICAL COLLEGE.
11
Quotations to the same effect might be multiplied indefinitely . The
result of the discussion and investigation in England was the speedy
establishment of a public free school system of education for themasses,
and of industrial schools for special branches in many places. At a
great public meeting held in England,the following resolutions were
adopted :
“ That to establish and maintain a system of technical education adapted to the
requirements of arts, manufactures and commerce in the United Kingdom , the
three following educational reforms should be effected :
1. In the universities, grammar schools, and other educational institutions for
the upper and middle classes, instruction in science and art should be placed on the
same footing as other studies.
2. Efficient means of primary and secondary education should be brought within
themeans of the working classes everywhere.
3. Technical institutions for special instruction , adapted to the wants of the va
rious classes of society, and to the industries of the country, should be established
and maintained in the United Kingdom .
With regard to these practical schools, which are becoming so promi
nent in the policy of more advanced countries, some of them are mere
schools of apprenticeship in single branches of manufacture . The
most of them combine with practice instruction in those branches of
mathematics and physical science which bear directly upon the special
industry,whilst others add studies designed to give general information
and to liberalize the minds of the pupils. Of this latter class, there are
schools known by the title of “ Schools of Arts and Trades.” One of
the earliest founded and most famous of these schools of arts and
trades is in Moscow , Russia :
“ The entire course of study occupies five years, but is so divided into — first,
a theoretical and practical course (elementary in character) which embraces three
years; and secondly, a special superior course of two years, that many young men ,
already qualified to enter the second division ,may then fit themselves for practical
business in two years. The instruction is given by fourteen Professors in the
theoretical departments, assisted by a competent force of practical mechanics and
technologists in the workshops and laboratories,which are both numerous and
extensive. The five principal workshops — a foundery, forges, shops for setting up
machinery, the finishing shop , and the model room - are provided with lathes for
wood and metals, powerful machines for cutting up the various materials, trip
hammers, and various tools and machines driven by steam , so that the pupils,
working by classes and in harmony with the educational plan of the institution,
are enabled, by their own manufacture, to fill orders to the average amount of
$ 40,000 per annum , thus returning to the treasury a part of the $ 100,000 an .
nually expended for the support of the institution . The school includes, besides
these several workshops,a very large laboratory for technological operations and
12
VIRGINIA AGRICULTURAL AND
for chemical analysis — a museum of models and of mechanical and technological
apparatus-- collections of raw materials used in manufacture, a geological and
mineralogicalmuseum , and a valuable scientific and technical library , comprising
several thousand volumes.” — (Hoxt.)
France has appreciated this class of schools more than she has uni
versål elementary education. As Virginia did with regard to the views
of Jefferson , so did France with regard to the enlightened views of her
Great Napoleon, viz : adopted fragments of his system of education.
Under the influence of Napoleon these “ schools of arts and trades” at
Chalons sur Marne, Angers and Aix, were established for the purpose
of furnishing to the country educated and skilled chiefs and foremen of
workshops in the several branches of the useful arts, and these schools
have been and are centres of important influence upon the industries of
France. The three receive annually about two hundred thousand dol
lars from the public treasury. Besides suitable literary instruction,
practical actual service is required of the pupils at the forge, in the
foundery and various workshops. There is also a celebrated school of
this character at Lyons. In all four of these schools the course of in
struction occupies three years. These high grade Artisan Schools are
multiplying in Germany, Belgium , Holland, England,the Scandinavian
States, and indeed all portions of Europe.
In Germany there is a peculiar class of schools known as “ Building
Schools,” which are held only in the winter, for the benefit of mechanics
whose work cannot be carried on at that season of the year. There is
a boarding school of this class at Holzminden, in Brunswick , with ac
commodations for five hundred pupils, and the establishment is usually
crowded . The cost of boarding and lodging for the five months'term
is less than $ 20 ; charges for tuition , fire and light, washing,medical
attendance, and all requisite material for writing and drawing, about
$33 ; total expenses of the term $53.
In Nienburg, in Hanoverian Prussia, is a similar school, with fifteen
professors and some two hundred pupils, including machinists and mill
wrights, masons, carpenters and joiners, cabinet makers and lock
smiths, as well as builders proper.
Besides the schools intended to improve the ordinary mechanic arts,
and besides a great number of artisan associations for mutual improve
ment, there is an important class of schools which,in Europe, are called
“ Schools of Applied Art," and in this country are called “ Schools of
Design." The art of drawing constitutes the chief feature in these
schools, and the object is to create designs, which are needed in endless
• MECHANICAL COLLEGE.
18
number and variety in connection with almost every mechanical and
manufacturing industry.
The artistic French first made a specialty of this form of industry ,
and in consequence thereofsurpassed all nations in the beautiful designs
exhibited on their ornaments and fabrics of every description. But in
time the Germans, Swiss, Russians and English established similar
schools, and now they are to be found in almost every city of Europe,
as well as in many of the chief cities of America. The School of De
sign at South Kensington, England,has become one of the most famous
of the world .
There is another class of schools found in Europe which is worthy of
special mention . These are attached to great manufactories,and are
designed to educate and train workmen for those factories. A striking
example is to be found at Creuzot, France, in connection with the great
smelting,mining, locomotive, and other machine building establishment
lately conducted by M . Schneider — an establishment which has been
distancing all competitors, and has of late been furnishing locomotives
even for English railways. The following account of this gigantic con
cern, and a similar one in Germany, is quoted from the Edinburg Re-
view of April 1868.
“ The works of Schneider, at Creuzot, cover three bundred acres. The work
shops and forges occupy fifty acres. The iron works annually produce more than
one thousand tons of iron , in addition to machinery; locomotives, iron bridges and
viaducts, iron gun boats and war steamers, of the average annual value of
£600,000. Nearly ten thousand work people receive wages, which amount to
£370,000 per annum , and most of these dwell in and around the town of Creuzot.
These steam engines are equal to a duty of nearly ten thousand horse -power, and
the new forge is contained under a single roof of thirteen hundred feet in length ,
and three hundred and ten in width .
“ No other single forge can be mentioned of equal dimensions. There are valuable
coal and iron mines on the estate, which yield annually two hundred and fifty
thousand tons of coal and three hundred thousand tons of iron ore, besides which
about three hundred thousand tons of coal and one hundred and twenty thousand
tons of ore are purchased. Our present interest is in the personnel of this great
establishment, a very large proportion of which was born , or has been trained
on the spot. It is due principally to a system of education , dating as far back as
1841, that a highly skilled body of workmen , engineers and accountants has been
formed ; and although the system has been termed elementary , it will be found to
be really in part special or technical. The course which is open to all pupils of
sufficient capacity, extends over no less than nine years , and includes advanced
instruction in French , Literature, History, Natural Philosophy, Geography, the
Chemistry of metals, Geometry, mechanical and free-hand drawing, and modeling.
Promising boys are sent to higher technical schools elsewhere.. Noboy is admitted
to the works who cannot read and write, or who has been dismissed from the school
.
RAL
VIRGINIA AGRICULTU
14
AND
for misbehavior. The fruits of this educational system are observable in the ac
tivity , extent and perfect discipline of the work .
“ In walking through the sheds with Mr. Samuelson, where several pairs of
marine engines were in course of erection , Mons. Schneider told his visitor that
there was not a man among the mechanics employed in that department who could
not make an accurate drawing of the work in which he was engaged .
“ In fifteen years, felonies, only twenty-three ; annual misdemeanors, forty ;
policemen , three.
“ Krupp & Company, at Essen , consume eight hundred to one thousand tons of
coal every casting day, raised from pitz within the walls of the works, employ
nearly eight thousand men, and produce sixty thousand tons of steel annually ,
more than twice the whole export of steel of the United Kingdom . At the out
break of the war one thousand of the men were called under arms, but two hun
dred and fifty of them were returned lest the manufacture of cannon should be
stopped . All the heads of the technical departments are pupils of the various schools
of Germany."
With regard to the practical schools which have been noticed above,
it may be remarked that some of them are maintained wholly , and
others in part, from the public treasury. Many such schools, however,
have been founded and supported by private liberality, and a large
number by philanthropic societies. In Belgium , practical schools have
been made use of by the government as an important means of elevating
the lowest class of her population . And in America ,the reform schools
which are springing up in our large cities for both males and females
nearly all include instruction and practice in industrial arts. In Europe
there are many industrial schools designed for the especial benefit of
females, and such schools are multiplying in America. In Boston the
art of sewing has been introduced into the public free schools.
It does not fall in with the drift of this report to notice particularly
the higher forms of technical education , whether found in independent
special schools, in polytechnic institutions, or in colleges and universi
ties. As remarked heretofore, these higher grades of technical educa
tion are intended to make analytic and technological chemists, scientific
agriculturists,veterinary surgeons,professional architects, and engineers
of the many kinds already alluded to. Schools of this sortare scattered
abundantly over Europe and America. It will be seen presently that
wehave in Virginia quite a number of institutions supplying the means
for this higher technological education.
AGRICULTURAL SCHOOLS.
A few chairs of agriculture were attempted in France toward the
the close of the last century ; but the first separate schools were in the
15
MECHANICAL COLLEGE.
same year (1799) established in Prussia, Switzerland and Austria .
These sehools all had a moderately successful career. The Swiss school
was established by a nobleman on his estate at Hofwyl, and for fifty
years was remarkably successful, and it was the model on which hun
dred of similar institutions were organized . The Austrian school was
established on an estate of 300,000 acres, and still holds a place among
the foremost. The Austrian government was so gratified with the ex
periment that it has continued to multiply its agricultural schools,
until it now has forty .
Prussia has more than fifty agricultural schools of different grades,
besides a great number of small experimental farms, or stations. Of
all these schools, only some eight or nine are of high grade, and these
are more or less intimately connected with universities. France has a
number of separate agricultural schools. Saxony has five agricultural ·
schools and departments ; Bavaria has twelve ; Belgium ten or twelve ;
Baden six ; several of the Duchies, especially Saxe-Weimar, make
liberal provision for agricultural education, and have among them about
thirty schools. Sweden , Denmark, Italy, Spain , and Portugal, and
even Greece and Turkey , have all recognized the importance of these
institutions, and are bringing them
into existence. England has
made some effort in the same direction, but without much success;
Scotland is making a beginning. Ireland has been more fortunate.
For forty -five years she has had a flourishing farmers' school with
two hundred acres of land attached. In 1838, another school was es
tablished (near Dublin ), which is a sort of a normal agricultural school.
Ireland has now about seventy agricultural schools .
10 .
Russia embraced the idea of special agricultural education in 1824,
and now has a very large number of agricultural schools of various grades .
Themost of these are free,and are supported by the government,with an
nuitiesranging from eight thousand to a hundred thousand dollars. They
have on an average from a hundred to a hundred and fifty pupils —
one of them four hundred and fifty . No expense has been spared to
give these schools the highest efficiency.
There are two agricultural schools in Europe which may be specially
noticed — the one at Geisberg, near Wiesbaden, in Nassau ; the other at
Hohenheim in Würtemberg.
We are indebted to Prof. Grabowskie of Preston and Olin Institute,
for the following account of the Geisberg school; which we have con
densed :
Formerly the sessions of this school continued most of the year ; but
now continue only during the winter — the summer months being left
16
.
VIRGINIA AGRICULTURAL AND
for practice on farms. The change was made for the accommodation of
small farmers who required the services of their sons at home during the
summer months. Other students labored on farmsduring the summeras
apprentices, or under special arrangements. The students,on returning
to the school in the autumn, are required to give an account in writing
of their summer labors, and of the farm on which they were employed .
There is no farm -practice during the winter. Pupils may enter the
Geisburg school directly from the public elementary school; but they
not unfrequently come from the Real and mechanical schools, and even
from theGymnasia , Polytechnic schools,and universities. Instruction is
given by lectures of a very simple character, copiously illustrated, and
by excursions. The entire course has direct practical bearings, the
subjects being pruned of irrelevant and less important matters. The
institution is highly esteemed, especially by farmers. The regular
course is completed in two winters. It consists of the lower mathemat
ics, with surveying, levelling, and drawing, mineralogy and geology ,
botany, zoology, human anatomy and physiology, and comparative
anatomy, physics with meteorology , chemistry , anatomy and physiology
of domestic animals, veterinary pathology, therapeutics and obstetrics,
agronomy, implements and machines, plant and meadow culture, drain
age, stock -raising. agricultural economy, book-keeping, political econo
my, gardening and agricultural technology and architecture. It is fur
nished on a liberal scale with appropriate illustrative collections.
The following account of the agricultural school at Hohenheim , near
Stuttgart, Würtemberg , is taken almost verbatim from Hoyt's Report.
The vast buildings occupy a high swell of ground, commanding one
of the most extensive and beautiful views in Germany.
The farm em
braces between eight and nine hundred acres,and adjoins a government
forest of five thousand acres. It is conducted on the basis of a scientific
rotation of crops,serving the double purpose of a model and experi
mental farm . About twenty acres are set apart for experimental pur
poses, and are under the special charge of the Professor of Agricultural
Chemistry. There is also a botanical garden of several acres, in which
are grown all sorts of plants possible to the climate and soil of the loca
tion. Connected with the institution are a beet sugar factory, a brew
ery, a distillery, a starch factory, a vinegar factory, a malting and fruit
drying establishment, a silk worm establishment, and an agricultural
implement and machine factory. The best agricultural implements and
machines used in Germany are made at this establishment.
The institution at Hohenheim , or the Royal Academy, as it is called ,
consists really of three distinct schools, to wit :
MECHANICAL COLLEGE.
.
17
1. The Institute, having the character and rank of a professional
school of agriculture.
2. The school of forestry. .
3 . The school of practical farming. .
The institute and school of forestry were designed for the sons of the
gentry, fitting themselves for the general management of inherited
estates, or ambitious young men from the middle classes, looking to a
stewardship over large estates. These students pursue a two years'
course of study in agriculture and forestry , supported by mathematics,
natural history and physical science. Tuition fees are charged in these
higher departments, whilst the schools of practical farming and horti
culture are supported entirely by the government.
The school of practical farming is designed for the sons of working
farmers,who desire simply to acquire a knowledge of the general prin
ciples of agriculture, and themost approved practicalmethods of farm
ing. They spend but two or three hours daily in gaining theoretical
and scientific knowledge, and the remainder in actual labor on the farm
and in the other practical branches of the academy, under the direction
of foremen and managers.
Besides these three distinct branches or departments,there are seve
ral special courses or schools designed to give instruction in the princi
ples, and especially in the practice of different branches of industry.
There is a special course in vacation for the instruction of school teachers.
The instruction is given by the Director and twelve other Professors.
Among the departments we find one of political economy ; one of rural
architecture, and one of drawing. All the branches of general agri
culture, and plant culture, meadow culture, vine and fruit culture,the
breeding of domestic animals, dairying, silk worm and bee culture,
forestry, & c., are taught by lectures, by demonstrations, by excursions,
and by actualmanipulations. The scientific course consists of instruc
tion in arithmetic and algebra, planeometry , stereometry , trigonometry,
practical geometry, mechanics, taxation, book-keeping, physics, chemis
try in all its branches, geognosy , botany, zoology, veterinary science,
economical architecture , principles of law , and national economy. Be
sides these, there are special courses in forestry.
· This academy, as may be seen, occupies 'a very wide field . It was
established in 1817 by the agricultural society of Würtemberg, under
the patronage of the king — has now had a successful career of sixty
five years, and by its great usefulness to the State, has acquired a
marked influence, not only in the kingdom of Würtemberg , but in all
the countries of Europe.
18
VIRGINIA AGRICULTURAL AND
Concerning all these agricultural schools, it should be remarked that
their courses of study vary from two to four years ; the student's ex
penses also vary . The most of the schools are supported by govern
ment, and they are entirely free , or charge very moderate fees. Some
furnish board and books free, as well as tuition ; and at at least one .
school (in Russia ) the pupil, in addition to all this, receives a sum of
money for general purposes.
AGRICULTURAL EDUCATION IN AMERICA .
on
Unit
ed years since the first agricultural college was estab
ly eighteen
ItIt isis only
lished in the United States,
sub and as yet there are very few settled ideas
w
l
ject oof aagricultural
nel of hile aeducation.
nd
in the country on the subject
No doubt the
reason of this late beginning, and of these unsettled views, is to be
found in the vast tracts of fresh and fertile lands, which were ever open
to the settler at a trifling cost. In 1855,Michigan launched an agricul
tural college on a farm of six hundred and seventy-six acres of land .
This example was in a short time followed by New York , Maryland
and Pennsylvania . These States soon learned one thing about agricul
tural colleges,víz : thatthey are very expensive affairs, especially when
they set out with a liberal programme.
Out of this discovery grew the movement in congress, which ended
in the act of 1862, by which nearly ten million acres of public lands
were divided among the States to aid in agricultural and mechanical
education. In every State there was a grand scramble for the land
scrip among colleges in esse and in posse; and the results of the strug
gle were various. According to the list given by General Eaton in his
report for 1871, sixteen States connected the land grant with colleges
or universities, twelve with separate, special colleges, and nine had not
acted. Some of the universities which received the grant,were created
in part out of this fund, and are polytechnic in character, and in nearly
every case the congressional funds are held in separate trust, in order
that they may not be diverted to classical or literary studies. These
institutionsall profess to use the funds for teaching the applications of
science to industry, and some of them recognize the wants of those who
are to labor with their hands on farms and in workshops. But techni
cal education in America is having the same history that generaleduca
tion has had in all ages. The rich and influential classes are first and
most liberally provided for,whilst the toiling masses are comparatively
neglected . In former ages the masses were neglected by the ruling
classes, because they were despised , and were not regarded as fit sub
MECHANICAL COLLEGE.
19
jects for education . This feeling is rapidly passing away, and every
enlightened government now recognizes the fact, that national aggran
dizement is more dependent upon the education of the people than upon
all other causes combined . And, as shown in a former part of this re
port, European nations include in this the technical as well as elemen
tary education of the people. But one who studies the American tech
nical schools will see that they are cast principally for the higher grades
of students. The reason of this may in part be, that public sentiment
on the subject is largely controlled by scholarly men , whose tastes re
volt at narrow and short courses of study, and who cannot let go the
traditional doctrine that the best way to enlighten popular ignorance is
by means of constellations overhead. Another reason is, that working
people have not hitherto demanded technical education, as they will do
ere long. It requires special effort and time to inspire practicalmen
generally with a respect for scientific schools,and a desire to learn the
results of science by systematic practice.
But the present in America is a time of experiment and discussion in
this field , and our people will not long remain in rear of other nations
in regard to any kind of schools.
CLASSIFICATION OF AGRICULTURAL SCHOOLS.
The various forms of agricultural education might be classified as
follows: 1. Didactic. 2. Practical. 3. Combined. 4. Progressive.
1. Under the head of didactic may be included all schools which
require 'no manual operations from the student. There is a simple
teaching of the theory and practice of agriculture,with cognate branches
by means of text-books, lectures and lecture- room illustrations, with, in
some cases,opportunities more or less extensive of observing agricultural
operations. There is no effort to improve the student in manual dex
terity , farm management, or general business habits. These he is
expected to know beforehand, or to acquire elsewhere as he may have
opportunity.
This is the sort of education usually given at colleges and universi- .
ties which have agricultural departments. Among the best of its class
in America may bementioned the agricultural department of the Shef
field scientific school connected with Yale College. Among the European
schools of this class, those of Hallé, Jena and Göttingen are the most
celebrated ; though these partake of the Progressive, as well as the
Didactic character.
2 . Schools of agriculture which are here called Practical are such as
20
VIRGINIA AGRICULTURAL AND
are known in Europe as farm schools. Manual labor, or actual practice
with tools on a farm under supervision, constitutes the bulk of the
course.
Two or three hours a day are spent in study, the rest in labor;.
but the labor is performed under the direction of skillful managers,who
are constantly giving instruction by precept and example .
This class of schools is almost unknown in America , but is common
in Europe. The Swiss school at Hofwylwas the prototype of this class..
These schools have generally had a charitable intent. Count Fellen
berg, who established the Hofwyl school on his own estate, had in view
the improvement of the sons of the peasantry, who thus might gain a .
practical knowledge of the most improved methods of agriculture, and
also some acquaintance with the scientific principles involved therein ..
3. Combined schools are,as the nameimports, schools in which theory
and practice are combined. There are institutions in Europe in which
one season of the year is wholly given to study, and another season
wholly to labor or excursions. As for example the Russian school at.
Lesnoy near St. Petersburg , as well as the school at Geisberg, which
has been noticed . In other institutions there are practical classes en
gaged chiefly in labor, and studying classes engaged chiefly in study, as
at Hohenheim . But in the majority of well-equipped schools, the
didactic elements predominate, whilst only from ten to twenty hours a
week are spent in manual exercises. The Massachusetts Agricultural
College is a good example of this class ; and Cornell is a young giant
who is destined to amaze the world with such a combination of erudi
tion and handicraft as has never been seen ; but as he gets older he may
grow less practical.
4 . Under the term Progressive may be included those forms of agri
cultural instruction which are designed to prepare students for original
investigation . The teaching is carried on largely by means of analysis
and experiment. Baron Liebig is the most distinguished exponent of
the sort of teaching and investigation here referred to : Largely owing.
to his influence, universities have engrafted this feature upon their
courses, and what are called experimentalstations have been established.
by governments, and are rapidly multiplying all over Europe. In con
nection with these stations, and with some of the higher universities,
there are extensive chemical and physical laboratories, and even collec
tions of domestic animals, with all needed facilities for studying physio
logical problems. The agricultural experiments are usually conducted
on a few acres of land , from twelve to twenty , and here are studied
those fundamental principles which underlie all successful practice, and
out of the knowledge of which will grow agricultural advancement.
21
MECHANICAL COLLEGE ,
AGRICULTURAL AND MECHANICAL COLLEGES.
Having considered these two classes of colleges separately, it now
becomes necessary to consider them together. In so doing, we must
discard all classifications heretofore made, and form a new classification
which shall not be too minute in its sub-divisions, and shall be equally
adapted to the two grand divisions of the subject.
The grades in the
classification should represent corresponding schools. No doubt these
grades will become more numerous as schools become more special in
their character ; but for the present in our State it will be sufficient to
divide combined agricultural and mechanical education into three
grades or classes, representing the wants of three grand divisions of our
population.
First Class. - In this class we would place schools for training Engi
neers of all sorts, Architects, Chemical Technologists, Manufacturers and
Scientific Teachers, Investigators and Explorers. These belong to the
Mechanical and Technological department. For the agricultural
branches, schools of this class would educate analytical chemists, agri
cultural professors and experimenters, veterinarý surgeons, and such
agriculturists as desire a thorough scientific knowledge, including, as of
necessity it does, almost the entire circle of physical sciences, besides
studies of an abstract and literary character .
This grade of agricultural and mechanical education belongs naturally
to the highest class of literary and polytechnic institutions; and on this
grade must we depend for the most valuable, but not the most immedi
ately available results.
Second Class. — This class of schools should aim to meet the needs of
farmers and mechanics who expect to continue in their vocations. Of
course the great mass of these are neither able, nor anxious, to pursue
an extensive or protracted course of study; but the experience of other
countries, and to some extent of our own, has abundantly shown that
there is a considerable and a constantly increasing proportion of ordi
nary farmers and mechanics who have a desire to know something of
the scientific principles underlying their vocations, to learn the results
of scientific experiment, and become acquainted with themost approved
methods, implements and machines pertaining to their pursuits. This
is the population who are provided for by the most of the agricultural
and artisan schools of Europe, and this is the grade of education which
has produced such telling results in advancing the interests of the
continental nations.
3d . The third class consists of schools of practice simply , or chiefly ,
:
A
VIRGINI
22
LTURAL
AGRICU
AND
and will usually be connected with the reform or eleemosynary opera
tions. But the example of Hohenheim shows that an almost purely
practical department may be connected with schools of higher grade.
We have at length reached the question
• WHAT SORT OF SCHOOL SHOULD BE ESTABLISHED AT BLACKSBURG ? .
1. Let us first look at the termsof the grant. The act of congress
uses the following language concerning the proceeds of the land scrip .
They “ shall be inviolably appropriated by each State which may take
and claim the benefit of this act to the endowment, support, and main
tenance of at least one college where the leading object shall be, with
out excluding other scientific and classical studies, and including mili
tary tactics,to teach such branches of learning as are related to agri-.
culture and themechanic arts, in such manner as the legislatures of the
States may respectively prescribe, in order to promote the liberal and
practical education of the industrial classes in the several pursuits and
professions of life.”
The State law disposing of the fund uses nearly the same language.
It will be observed that this fund is to be used not for the benefit of
all classes ,but of certain classes which are specified ; and are denomi
nated “ the industrial classes ;" and that these are to be benefitted, not
in some remote and indirect way, but by the actual education of the
· people belonging to these classes.
Now who are the industrial classes ? They are the men who carry
on the industries of the country. This word industries, when used in
a concrete sense, has acquired a technical meaning, and • refers to the
physical or materialoperations of the country — those which change the
form of crude materials. The industrial classes then are not the bank
ers, capitalists,merchants, or men belonging to the learned professions,
but they are the men who handle tools, the men of the field , themine,
and the workshop. That these are themen referred to is evident from
the character of the branches required to be taught; they are the
branches suited to enlighten farmers and mechanics.
But it is not required that the sort of education provided for these
industrial classes shall be a mere apprenticeship , a mere matter of tools
prefaced by the " three R’s.” It can be as liberal in its provisions as
may be desired ; it must include those branches of liberal and scientific
study which have practical applications. Practice is to be reached
through science .
The classes to be provided for,and the studies required , clearly indi
MECHANICAL COLLEGE.
23
cate that the style of school required is one of applied science — a tech
nical school, as distinguished from a liberal school — a technical school,
with liberal appendages if you choose, but still a technical school.
There will be little danger of erring as to the character of the school
if the fact is recognized that the ultimate object aimed at is the imme
diate utilization of science for the development of thematerial resources
of the country .
2 . In order that any institution may be made available for the in
dustrial classes, its costs and charges of every sort mustbe small, other
wise a very small proportion will be benefited . The earnings of the
industrial classes beyond their necessary expenses are very small, parti
cularly in our State at this time. Very few working farmers or me
chanics can afford to pay from four to six hundred dollars a year for the
support and education of each son .
3. The new college ought to trench as little as possible upon ground
well occupied by institutions already existing in the State. Even if it
would not be a perversion of the fund to use it for the establishmentof
an ordinary classical college, it would certainly be very bad economy to
do so, as well as very unjust to such as are already established and
doing good service. Sadly have our people already erred in the undue
multiplication of colleges. What richly endowed and splendidly equip
ped institutions we might have had if the funds distributed among our
nine colleges had been concentrated on half the number.
The true
friend of education will seek to abate the evil rather than aggravate it.
If our funds can be applied in providing formsof education different
from any provided in our existing institutions it would seem manifestly ·
wise so to employ them . The review which has been made in this re
port of industrial education in other States and countries, taken in con
nection with our own condition , seems plainly to show that there is not
only room , but a crying demand, for a different school from any we now
possess.
The principles which have been laid down will exclude the various
engineering courses from the new college. Whilst the engineer stands
next above the industrial classes, he does not belong to them . More
over, his wants are abundantly provided for in the colleges, military
institute, and universities of the State,many of which have full and
special courses of engineering.
The general principles of engineering
must be taught in the new college, with special application to farm
roads, bridges and draining, with something of surveying and mining,
and a good deal of motors and mechanical powers, but to provide a
24
:
VIRGINIA AGRICULTURAL AND
complete set of professional engineering courses would of itself absorb
all the funds of the institution .
Similar remarks apply to architecture. Something must of coursebe
taught of building and building materials — something of the laws of
proportion and ornamentation , and something of the different orders of
architecture; but the professional architect needs a much fuller and
deeper knowledge of all these things than the builder, and he needs
something above and beyond this. He needs a mind highly cultured
by classical and esthetic, as well as scientific studies. He needs to
understand the face of nature and the principles on which nature and
art may be made to harmonize. He needs to understand man, his
tastes and habits, and all the uses for which architectural structures are
reared. The true architect is a creator, having to originate and to
adapt. Heneeds both genius and common sense, and having to meet
all wants, and to please all tastes , he must be possessed of endless re
sources. Such a result as this comes only from an elevated and many
sided culture, such as can be found only in universities - general or poly
technic. For analogous reasons thenew college ought not to undertake to
make professional chemists ——that is, men who make it a business either
to teach chemistry, to analyze ores, mineral waters, soils, agricultural
products,manures, or technical products, to compound medicines, or to
make original investigations. Simply to equip such a department as
this would require a large share of the entire endowment of the institu
tion. Nor ought the new college to provide for all the wants of that
class of agriculturists who not only desire a liberal education , but who
wish to take a'wide range among studies relating to agriculture, and to
pursue those studies exhaustively.
When we remember the ample provisionsmade for this high grade of
instruction in our superior schools of learning, we need not regret that
the inadequate endowment of our prospective institution will prevent
its entering into competition with those higher schools.
Before leaving this point, we may,without disparagement to other
well-appointed institutions, allude to the fine development our State
University has made in this direction. A large building has been
erected and thoroughly furnished for the purposes of Applied Chemistry ;
the best advantages are offered in the department of Natural Philoso
phy ; a professorship of Agriculture has been established, and a portion
of the University grounds' set apart for experiment and illustration .
The agricultural department is based upon the Miller fund of $100 ,000,
and this whole department of Applied Science may, and doubtless will,
MECHANICAL COLLEGE.
25
ultimately afford the,grand desideratum of a high grade school of agri
-culture and the mechanic arts.
4 . If these views be correct, the proper sphere for the proposed col
lege is that of a middle grade agricultural and mechanical school - one "
which teaches chiefly results and practical methods, and only so much
of mathematical and physical science as may be necessary to render
results and methods fully intelligible. The proposed farmer and me
.chanic should go there simply , or chiefly , to learn what there is in
science and in improved methods and machinery to make him a better
farmer or mechanic. And the spirit and tendency of the institution
should be, not to educate its students away from their vocations, but in
and for them — not to send them home with a distaste for manual labor,
and a craving for some more literary or less toilsome pursuit, but to
send them back with fresh zest for their work, and a higher sense of its
dignity and its capabilities, and with their own powers so strengthened
that they may command a degree of success which they could otherwise
never have attained . Any agricultural and mechanical school of the
kind we are now considering,which does not have this effect upon the
mind of its students is a failure as regards its proper object, whatever
success it might have as to numbers. Therefore all the studies and
arrangements of the school should be carefully disposed so as to develope
in the young farmer and mechanic a higher appreciation of his vocation ,
and a more resolute determination to excel in it.
But, as before remarked , it does not follow that because the design of
the institution is special, there should be nothing taught there except
.strictly special studies. · There is a certain degree of general intelligence
and ofmental culture, which are essential in order to enable the student
to profit by the special studies, and to use them effectively after they
have been acquired . Hence some liberal studies are needed for their
training and liberalizing effect, as well as for the light they directly
ongdifficult
ask which now de
-cast upon the path of the student.
neral and amThe
the ult ttask
volves upon this board is so to select among the many branches of study,
and so to commingle the general and the special, as to produce the best
possible result upon the student, and through him upon the material
interests of the State.
COURSE OF INSTRUCTION . .
5 . Advancing a step further into the heart of the subject,we next
enquire what should be the studies of the new college. Having here
tofore considered the field lying above it, we may now for a moment con
26
VIRGINIA AGRICULTURAL AND
sider the field lying below it, and thus be able to define its position
more sharply . It is perhaps sufficient to say, in general terms, that the
field properly belonging to the existing public school system of the State
oughtnot to be invaded on the one hand any more than that of the col
leges and universities on the other . Therefore it ought to be required
that the pupil shall have availed himself of the provisions of the com
mon schools before being admitted into the technical college. The six
elementary studies taught in these schools are an essential introduction
to the studies of the higher school, and should be thoroughly mastered .
There is reason to fear, however, that as yet comparatively few of our
country schools give as complete instruction in writing, arithmetic, geo
graphy and grammar as the college studentoughtto have,and therefore
it may be proper, at least temporarily, to include in our curriculum the
higher grades of those studies. The student should be required to pass
a good examination in spelling, reading, writing, elementary grammar,
intermediate geography, and arithmetic to the end of decimal fractions.
Having now laid off the ground on both sides of the new college, it
remains to arrange a programme for the college itself; and this is really
the most difficult aswell as the most important part of this report .
Before, undertaking this task , the Chairman, besides conferring with
the other two members of the committee, and finding that their views
harmonized entirely with his own, put himself in communication with
the Faculties of all the colleges in the State. He gave them his viewsof
what the new college ought to be, and asked theirs in return. He has
heard from nearly all of them , and is pleased to find that the viewsof
the committee are cordially approved by most of the representatives of
these literary institutions. Of these, the following gentlemen have
furnished plans of instruction, viz : Professors Campbell and Allan, of
Washington and Lee University ; Williamson , of the Virginia Military
Institute ; Estill and Shepherd, of Randolph Macon College ; Davis,of
Roanoke College; Professor Martin , of Christiansburg; and Colonel
Grabowski, of Preston and Olin . Letters containing suggestions have
been received from President Ewell, of William and Mary ; President
Atkinson ,of Hampden Sidney ; Professors Smith and Mallet, of the Uni
versity of Virginia ; and Professor E . B . Smith, of Richmond College.
A communication has also been received from Colonel J. T . L . Preston ,
of the Virginia Military Institute, proposing a course of action, which
differs from the others, but is given on his individual responsibility .
Colonel Venable,of the University of Virginia, also wrote a letter to a
member of the committee expressing friendly sentiments .
· MECHANICAL COLLEGE.
. .
MECHANICAL COLLEGE
27
All these communications are filed with this report, and it is hoped
that it may be the pleasure of the Board to hear them read .
Your committee beg leave, however,to submit a plan which differs
somewhat from the others. It provides, as will be seen, for a three
years course of instruction, or rather, for an introductory course of one
year common to all the students, and two courses of two years each for
agricultural and mechanical students respectively .
Proposed Course of Instruction .
FIRST YEAR .
Commercial Arithmetic.
Book keeping
Algebra,through Equations of first degree.
English Grammar, Elocution and Composition . .
Geography with Map Drawing.
Descriptive Astronomy.
Penmanship.
Free Hand Drawing.
Lectures on Physiology and Hygiene, Habits and Manners, the value of
Agriculture and the Mechanic Arts to society, etc.
French or German .
Farm or Shop Practice.
Military Tactics.
SECOND YEAR .
Agricultural.
Mechanical
Geometry , Plane Trigonometry and Geometry, Trigonometry and Mensura
Mensuration, Surveying and Agricul- tion , Descriptive Geometry .
tural Engineering.
· Agricultural Physics and Mechanics.
Physics and Mechanics.
Agricultural Architecture and Ma
chines .
· History and Literature, partly as a History and Literature, partly as a
class exercise in Reading and Geo- classexercise in Reading and Geography.
graphy. ,
French or German .
Mechanical Drawing.
French or German.
Mechanical Drawing. .
Essays.
Essays.
Daily Practice.
THIRD YEAR .
Agricultural.
Agricultural Chemistry andGeology,
with special reference to the soils and
geological structure of Virginia .
Mechanical.
AnalyticalGeometry .
Industrial Chemistry .
Mineralogy and Metallurgy,
28
VIRGINIA AGRICULTURAL AND
.
Agricultural Botany and Zoology
(with simple veterinary arts.).
Machinery, e. g. Steam Engines, Mill
Wheels and Gearing, Lathes, Planing
Systems of farming, planting, gar - and Boring Machines, & c.
dening, dairying, fruit growing, stock - Building and building materials.
raising, & c., with special attention to
Lectures on the Resources of Virginia
the climates, crops, peculiarities and ca . as to Water power, Timber, Barks, Coal,
Metals, Ores, Building Stone, and other
pabilities of Virginia.
Farm Economics including labor, valuable minerals ; also on the existing
accounts, buying and selling, renting, industries of Virgina .
& c.
Drawing.
· Lectures on Government, Political
Lectures on Government, Political
Economy, Business Economy, Psychol- Economy, Business Economy,Psychology
ogy and Ethics.
.
French or German .
and Ethics.
Pr
en
French
or German .
Daily Practice.
Your committee do not offer this as a plan of instruction to be fixed
upon by this board at present; but only as an expressiou of the views of
the committee, with the hope that it may please the board to approve
at least its general drift. The working programme must be left to the
faculty.
6 . Concerning the professorial corps, it may be remarked that the
success of such a school ashas been sketched depends more on obtain
ing the services of men having the peculiar qualifications needed, than
upon all other circumstances combined . The cast and design of the
school being different from anything now existing in our section of the
country, we have among us no class of men trained in its special ideas
and methods. Our only hope is to seek outmen of education who are in
sympathy with the objects of the institution, who have natural versatility ,
and whº have had some experience in the direction aimed at. Mistakes
in the selection of instructors would be so certainly fatalto the young in
stitution, that where there is doubtas to suitability, temporary appoint
ments should be preferred to permanent. Among the officers, of course
the most important is the president. His general duties will leave him
but little time for the instruction of classes. Beside the attention he must
give to all the varied internal affairs of the institution, he should give
much thought and labor to its advancement in public estimation, and .
especially in securing an enlarged endowment, and donations for spe
cial purposes. It is thus that the means for increasing the endowments
and facilities for these applied schools elsewhere have been obtained ,
and their success assured .
Asto the size of the Faculty, that is of necessity regulated by the
funds. Four instructors beside the president and the practicalmana
MECHANICAL COLLEGE.
29:
gers might suffice for some years to come, and even fewer might an
swer in the beginning — but an increase will certainly be wanted in the
future.
There will be no difficulty in securing the necessary means for carry
ing on the institution, if we can only succeed in creating such a one as
will really meet a great públic want.
MATERIAL APPLIANCES NEEDED.
Having thus fully considered the scholastic department, wemay now
enquire what material provisions will be needed to give full effect to .
the teachings of the lecture and recitation rooms. It is obvious that
in an agricutural and mechanical college; the physical apparatus .
should receive a compartively large development. In fact,there is pro
perly no limit to its expansion ,because the field covered by the curricu
lum is boundless , and infinitely diversified . So that, whilst valuable in -struction may be given with a moderate supply of apparatus, the
advantages of the school will be improved in proportion as its illustra - .
tive appliances are increased. .
In this, as in everything else, we must be governed by the funds
available for the purpose, and there is nothing so important to any
institution as to husband its means, and avoid debt. But it is well to
have an ideal toward which we may aspire , however far wemight come
short in the beginning. And with due regard to both these considera
tions, we may consider first, what is desirable, and second, what is
feasible.
:
Thematerial appliances alluded to may be divided into such as per
tain to the lecture-room , and such as pertain to the farm and the shop ..
Proceeding in this order,we remark that in themechanical department,
beside the usual chemical materials,mineralogical specimens, mechani
cal and physical apparatus,and mathematical instruments and models,
it is desirable to possess a large assortment of models of machinery of
all sorts, showing the actual applications of motors and mechanical
principles, and illustrating those peculiar and often abstrusemechanical
combinations and expedients which have to be resorted to occasionally ;
also models exhibiting joints and splices, roof construction , & c., and
where models cannot be obtained , drawings and photographs thereof;
also collections of woods, stones,metals,clay, and other material used
in building and manufacturing.
The professors in the agricultural department, besides chemicals,
physical apparatus, mineralogical specimens and herbariums,would be
30
VIRGINIA AGRICULTURAL AND
much aided by a class of illustrative models, such as are now made in
great perfection in France and Germany.
In the botanical department, models are now made of flowers, the
cultivated plants, and grains, on a magnified scale , so that the lecturer .
can exhibit separately every part of a plant, or of a seed, so as to be
distinctly visible to each member of a large class. There are also very
useful engravings and photographs of cultivated plants with their sepa
rate organs and structure. In addition to these are needed miscellane
ous collections, illustrating the materials, processes and products of
agriculture and horticulture .
The chair of Veterinary Science should be supplied ,with a great
variety of instruments and models. Almost every part of a domestic
animal is now illustrated by models, life size , showing the abnormal, as
well as the natural condition of each limb and organ. At Cornell Uni
versity there is a model of a horse of life size which cost the institution
nearly $ 1,000. It is constructed like a manikin, with every limb and
organ complete, and yet capable of being dissected and exhibited in
detail. Drawings are also used with advantage in this department.
The departmentof Zoology generally has use for a large museum .
In the entomological branch a full collection of insects, useful and inju
rious, is very valuable.
The chair of technical agriculture is assisted by models of farm build
ings, fences, bridges, wagons, implements, and agricultural machines of
every sort. Cornell has a collection of 187 models of ploughs, exhibit
ing all the forms of the plough from the earliest period of history to the
present time. The collection cost about $ 400.
The outside appliances of an agricultural and mechanical school usu
ally consist of a farm and a workshop.
With regard to the latter, it being impossible to illustrate all trades
at one institution, the best idea seems to be to exhibit the working in
wood and iron ,'as the leading occupations. If complete,'these shops
would be well stocked with hand-tools and labor-saving machinery
driven by water or steam , as well as materials for working up. The
iron department is of course .capable of indefinite expansion. The
blacksmith 's shop, foundry and machine shop represent the three grand
· divisions of iron work - hammering, casting,and finishing. A large and
well-appointed shop is no small affair as to cost.
A farm is the great theatre of agricultural illustration. Familiar as
a farm is to every eye, one does not often see a farm properly improved ,
stocked and managed, as should be the case with a college farm . Every
feature should be a model of its kind .
A grain and cattle barn should
MECHANICAL COLLEGE.
31
•exhibit themost improved method of housing crops and cattle, of feed
ing, grooming, and nursing the domestic animals; the horses, sheep and
cattle should be of breeds best suited to the State, and their increase
properly managed ; the implements and machines should be in full sup
ply and of the best patterns; the crops selected, the enclosures, drain
age, manuring, ploughing, cultivation, and general management, should
be unexceptionable. Experiments should be systematically carried on.
Cheese and butter making, tree and fruit growing, gardening, plant
houses, and many other things are worthy of attention ; and they will
all be provided for in the course of time, if the college is so managed as
to commend itself to the enlightened common sense of the people.
But of course an extensive and complete establishment like the one
described is beyond our reach at present, and the difficult task is ours ,
of determining what we shall begin with , and how far we shall attempt
to go with our means. Prudence readily suggests that the expenditure
should be rigidly controlled by the income, and that it would be better
to attempt too little than too much . A few things well done will give
far more value and reputation than many things poorly done.
But the question recurs — What should be the first thing ? The em - .
bracing of any opportunity which may offer for purchasing a suitable
farm seems to claim the precedence over everything else . The next
thing probably should be to provide necessary accommodation for teach
ers and pupils ; then comes an immediate demand for helps in teaching ;
after which the farm and shops may receive attention.
Before dismissing the plan of instruction , there are two points on
which something should be said , viz : - Manual labor, and military
tactics.
MANUAL LABOR.
Manual labor by students of technical colleges is a subject on which
there is a variety of opinions. A prejudice exists in the minds of some
persons against the manual labor system , because some forty years ago
the experiment was tried in several American classical colleges of pro
viding workshops wherein students of small meansmight aid in paying
for their education, but the plan was properly abandoned as being an
attempt to unite studies and labors which had no natural relations to
each other,and to establish an unsound system of economics. But in
technical schools there is a direct relation between the studies and ·
labors of the pupils, and the design is not'economical, but educational.
There are four sets of views on this subject actually put in practice
in schools of this class :
:
NIA
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32
AL
ULTUR
AGRIC
AND
1. Some make no provision for manual labor. .
· 2, A larger number require from one to two hours labor daily , with
out pay of all the students.
3. In perhaps a still larger number a certain amount of labor is:
required, and extra work is allowed and paid for .
4. In others all labor is voluntary , and paid for.
The subject is an embarrassing one, and yet the following views seem
to be established by experience as well as reason.
In superior schools of applied science, in which the students are ex
pected to become engineers, chemists, and such like, or to have simply
the general management of farming, mining,or manufacturing property,
the labor feature may be wisely omitted.
But in schools designed specially for those who are to handle tools,
actual practice should form ' a regular part of the course — actual labor
under skilled managers. To say that the manipulatious and processes
of the shop and farm may be learned at home, is to suppose that the
home processes are good models for imitation ,which , if true, would in
dicate that there is no need of schools ; but home practice is just what
needs improvement. There are not only improved methods to be
learned , but there is a training needed for the eye and the hand, which
has great educational as well as practical value, and which should be
conducted with as much system and careful supervision as instruction
in penmanship and drawing.
The most troublesome question is as to the regulations under which
the labor should be performed . Should it be voluntary, or involuntary ?
We think it should be required of all without distinction, and at the
times and seasons should be as much prescribed as any other part of
the course of instruction .
The value of the labor should be taken into consideration in fixing
the termsof admission ,and not be paid for currently. The question of
allowing and paying for extra labor is also one of some difficulty . It
seems to be proved that laboring even one or two hours a day on the
farm may be made very useful to the student and valuable to the insti
tution .
It has been found more difficult to utilize the labor of students in
mechanical work ; but the problem seems to have been solved at Wor
cester, Massachusetts. In each of the great wood and iron shops con
nected with the mechanical Institute at that place, there are a number
of skilled workmen who take charge of the students as they come in ,
find out by experiment what degree of skill each one has in the use of
MECHANICAL COLLEGE.
33
tools, and put him to work on some part of a job that suits his attain
ments. The pupil is kept working at that point of advancement until
he becomes expert, after which he is promoted to a higher grade ofwork ,
and so carried forward according to his aptitude and industry, until
before completing the course he may become a thorough master me
chanic. The work turned out of that shop has taken the highest pre
miums at competitive exhibitions.
The finished work is all sold , and
much of it is done by contract. The shops do not quite pay expenses,
and yet the annual deficit is not large.
MILITARY
TACTICS .
The military feature offers another embarrassing problem . There is
great power in the military system ,but as GeneralLee once remarked
“ To be effective, it must be perfect ;" that is, not only complete in or
ganization, butbacked by military authority and penalties.
The act of Congress having been passed during the war, the clause
requiring military tactics to be taught may have been prompted by
some intention to establish the Prussian military system over the whole
land. But if such an idea ever existed it has passed away, and there
now seems no disposition on the part of congress to be exacting with
regard to the military feature in these technical schools. In point of
fact, the colleges which received the land grant have, with a few ex
ceptions, given no prominence to this feature,and would be glad to omit
it altogether.
Still, whilst the law exists, military tactics must be taught in some
form . Wedo not understand that the term “ military tactics” covers
the whole ground of military science and tactics, but has special refer
ence to field evolutions. Therefore an opportunity given to the stu
dents for military drill would satisfy the law . Someof the disciplinary
regulations might be usefully adopted, if it should be concluded to
board all the students on the college grounds.
The terms on which students shall be admitted is among the first
points to be decided . The Board is aware that the act of Assembly
requires that a number of students shall be received without charge,
corresponding with the members of the House of Delegates. It is for
us to decide whether any charges shall be made in other cases. It is
hoped by this committee, that the timewill come when all our State
institutions will be free to the people of the State. But this cannot be
thought of at present for this institution ,because its income alone could
not furnish the needed facilities for instruction ; and yet prudence and
NIA
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34
AL
ULTUR
AGRIC
AND
propriety seem to dictate the policy of making the fees very moderate.
A certain amount of attainment, a good character, and a minimum age,
say 15 or 16 , will, of course , be required of applicants for admission .
It is taken for granted that the salaries of regular professors will not
be inferior to those received at other colleges, and will be paid partly
from the annual proceeds of the endowment, and partly from tuition
fees.
A LARGER INCOME.
Whilst with proper managementwe can in due time open our doors
and offer to the youth of the State a school well worthy of their patron
age, we cannot hope to accomplish all our wishes and purposes in the be
ginning,and we should cast aboutat once for an increase of incomein order
that the college may grow into a fully equipped institution. There is
reason to believe that Congress will add to the grant already made, and
unless our State proves to be an exception, our wealthy citizens will
make donations ; butour main dependence is upon the heart of the
* people.
Wehave this tremendous argument to back our appeal for an increase
of endowment, viz : that this is the first thing the State has ever done
in the way of collegiate education for themasses of her people,and even
this is but the turning over of a gift from the Federal government. To
neglect the special wants of the great producing classes is not only un
just, but exceedingly unwise . It is toward them the vitalizing power
of technical education should be most studiously directed , and the
forms of education should be so varied that its forces will take effect
throughout the entire mass.
The Land -Grant was a recognition by Congress of the claim of the
producing classes for forms of scientific education really suited to their
wants, and the action of the Legislature of Virginia in creating a sepa
rate college was a similar recognition. This action of our Legislature
was as wise in policy as it was just in principle, and may be regarded
as an indication of the intention of that body to provide whatever may be
necessary for its support. We cannot suppose that our industrial classes
will be left wholly dependent upon the bounty of Congress for the
means of technical education . Day laborers being left out of view ,
farmers and mechanics constitute the great bulk of our population.
There are in Virginia , by the census of 1870, 73,000 farms, which no
doubt represent at least thatnumber of farmers (including proprietors
and tenants ). Wehave not yet been able to ascertain the number of
mechanics in the State, but supposing it to be one-third less than the
35
MECHANICAL COLLEGE.
number of farmers, we have something like 125,000 white farmers and
mechanics in the State, which is within 25 ,000 of the whole number of
white registered voters in 1869.
These facts compared with our educational statistics show where lies
the great field for technical education ,and furnish a guaranty for the
ultimate success of the Virginia Agricultural and Mechanical College.
WM . H . RUFFNER,
Chairman .
J. R . ANDERSON ,
W . T. SUTHERLIN ,
Committee.
MEETING OF THE BOARD AT YELLOW SULPHUR SPRINGS.
Thismeeting was held on the 14th of August. Present - Messrs. H .
Black (Rector), Robert Beverly , John Goode, Jr., Jos. R . Anderson , Jos.
Cloyd, John Cowan, D . C . De Jarnette, W . A . Stewart, W . H . Ruffner,
Superintendent Public Instruction , James C . Taylor, Attorney General,
and Lewis E . Harvie, President Virginia State Agricultural Society.
Instead of the instruction contemplated in the action of the previous
meeting, a Chair of English Language and Literature was established.
The following faculty was then elected : Charles L. C. Minor, President;
James H . Lane, Professor of Natural Philosophy and Chemistry ; Gray
Carroll, Professor of Mathematics ; Charles Martin , Professor of Eng
lish Language and Literature. Military Tactics was assigned to the
Chair of Natural Philosophy and Chemistry ; Modern Languages to the
Chair of Mathematics ; and Ancient Languages to the Chair of Eng
lish . The election of a Professor of Technical 'Agriculture and Me
chanics was postponed to a meeting to be held in Richmond on the 7th
of January next; and Natural History was assigned to that Chair. At
this meeting a Farm Manager will be appointed.
Messrs. Anderson , Taylor, Sutherlin , Beverly and Ruffner were ap
pointed a committee to memorialize Congress in behalf of this institu
tion , and to ask for it a special donation of public land ; this committee
to act in conjunction with any similar committee that may be appointed
by the authorities of the Hampton Normal and Agricultural Institute.
Messrs. Taylor,Goode, Anderson , De Jarnette, Cloyd and Ruffner,
were appointed a committee to memorialize the General Assembly of
Virginia to pay full interest on the bonds of the State held by this
institution.
36
VIRGINIA AGRICULTURAL AND MECHANICAL COLLEGE.
The Rector reported that $ 17,500 of Montgomery county coupon
bonds had been delivered to him , and that the balance of the county
subscription would be paid by warrant on the treasurer of the county.
Mr. Cowan was made a member of the Executive Committee, and
appointed agent of the college, and authorized to receive subscriptions
in its behalf.
The Executive Committee reported that probably a hundred and
thirty students could be accommodated with board and lodging in the
college building and in the town of Blacksburg ; that the price of table
board would be twelve dollars per month ; and when a room , bedding,
furniture and fuel are supplied, the price would be fifteen dollars per
month . Coal abundant at fifteen cents per bushel.
The Faculty was requested to report a programme of instruction and
government for the institution to the meeting in Richmond on the 7th
of January ; and also to report on the necessities of the institution
generally .
The report of the Committee on Organization with the abstract of
the proceedings of the Board, heretofore ordered to be published in
pamphlet form , was adopted as the annual report of this Board to the
General Assembly.
THE HAMPTON
· NORMAL AND AGRICULTURAL INSTITUTE .
DR. WM. H . RUFFNER,
Sup't Public Instruction, State of Virginia :
SIR : - In compliance with your request, and on behalf of the
Trustees of the Hampton Normal and Agricultural Institute, I have
the honor to present to you the following statement of the system and
condition of our school, trusting that it may obtain due consideration
from the State Legislature.
As trustees of this institution , we believe that “ whenever a ‘ Manual
Labor System ' is attempted , it should be carefully adjusted to the
demandsof scientific and practical education. The question at once
arises what this manual labor should be. There are two theories,
of which the first is that its entire aim should be to give the means
to students of supporting themselves, that a profitable farm on a very
large scale should enable a large number of students to support them
selves by agriculture, and that workshops on a large scale for the man
ufacture of some simple fabrics of universal consumption should en
able a large number of students to support themselves by mechanic
arts ; that in both these cases the main theory should be self-sup
porting industry and not educational industry . The second theory
is, that the primary object of the manual labor in both departments
should be educational; that is, that the work should be first of all done
with a view to perfect the student in the best processes,and to make him
scientifically and practically a first-class agriculturist and mechanic.
While the first of these theories may at times be desirable, the secord
is essential, and all schools which are destined to be permanently suc
cessful,must be founded upon the fact that aid given to them by indivi
duals, and more especially by government, is not to assist ten , twenty
or fifty young people to support themselves, but to enable hundreds of
them to obtain a through, practical and scientific education , in order to
develop the industrial resources of the nation .” Evidently such an .
education must be in the outset expensive, for no harvest can be reaped
38
HAMP
TON
NORM
AL
AND
without a liberal sowing of seed , and while institutions which are in a
measure self-supporting are good when nothing better is to be had, the
schools which give the best ultimate results and tell most favorably
upon the national life, are those which have for their primary object
educuation rather than production. The experience of continental
Europe and England has established beyond controversy certain facts
in regard to popular education which , if properly used ,may be made
to save us, as a nation, some expensive mistakes. These conclusions
may be found usefully condensed in the following extract from the Re
port of the English Parliamentary Commission appointed to examine
into the condition of agriculture and mechanics in the various European
countries, a report which forms one of the most important public docu
ments of modern times : “Weare convinced that a knowledge of the
principles of science on the part of those who occupy the higher indus
trial ranks, and the possession of elementary instruction by those who
hold subordinate positions, would tend to promote industrial progress
by stimulating improvement, preventing costly and unphilosophical at
tempts at impossible inventions, diminishing waste, and obviating, in a
great measure, ignorant opposition to salutary changes.”
To this end
have been established throughout France, Germany, Switzerland, Hol
land, Russia and England, manual labor schools of every description ,
special schools of art, agriculture, mechanics, etc., where such expense
of detail can be afforded, and polytechnic schools in places where the
general'need is greater than the special.
Most of these schools depend upon government for their support, but
many of them , particularly in England, have been endowed by indivi
duals, and there are not a few gratifying instances in which they are
established and carried on by the working men themselves, while in no
case are they expected to be self-supporting. In the innumerable re
ports and discussions which this modern system of training has produced
there is not a dissentient voice as to the correctness of the fundamental
theory and the immediately successful result, even where the schools
are entirely dependent on the public treasury . Pages of proof are at
hand for quotation, but such proof is undoubtedly already in the pos
session of the present Legislature, and we will offer only, as bearing
more directly upon the subject before us, testimony of the complete
success of manual labor schools established about forty years ago among
the uneducated nations of the Sandwich Islands. Rev. Dr. Dwight
Baldwin , one of the first missionaries to the Pacific, writing from Maui,
says, “ The Lahaina luna school has been a great light in the midst of
the Hawaiian Islands. For the whole forty years that it has been in
AGRICULTURAL INSTITUTE.
39
operation , it has been a mighty power to aid us in enlightening and
Christianizing the Hawaiian race. Without this seminary how could
we have furnished anything like efficient teachers for an universal sys
tem of common schools,a sytem which has already made almost the en
tire people of those islands readers of the Bible. Then also , of all the
native preachers and pastors who have been enlisted in this good work ,
it has been very rare to find one particularly useful who has not been
previously trained in this seminary . And throughout the island, except
just about the Capital, where foreigners are employed , the execution of
the laws depends entirely upon educated Hawaiians.
“ Lahaina luna has always been a manual labor school. This arose
partly from necessity, but a second reason was that all our plans for
elevating this people were so laid from the beginning as not only to
give them learning, but also intelligent appreciation of their duties as
men and citizens, and to prepare them in every way for a higher
civilization. Experience, in one case at least, has shown this to be the
method both of reason and of nature.”
In this statement is struck the key note of the endeavor of the found
ers of the Hampton Normal and Agricultural Institute, and it is to the
theory and practice of that school that we desire to call your attention .
The past of our colored population has been such that an institution de
voted especially to them must provide a training more than usually
comprehensive,must include both sexes and a variety of occupation ,
must produce moral as well as mental strength , and while making its
students first rate mechanical laborers must also make them first-rate
men and women. Their especial needs require to be considered in any
system of education which has their development for its object, for
while the main principles of successful labor are the same all the world
over, theremust be always a certain adaptation of them to time and
circumstance. The higher Southern schools for negroes can and should
have better discipline and more earnest students than any college in the
North , and this will be attained only by carefully studying the pecu
liarities of the position. Throughout the South the demand for skilled
labor in all departments is imperative, and with proper training that
demand can be supplied from the ranks of the colored people, for in
devotion to study our pupils at Hampton are enthusiastic, they are do
cile and plastic, and their mechanical faculties work quickly ,while they
are capable of acquiring knowledge to any degree. What the negro
needsat once, is elementary and industrial education . The race will
succeed or fail as it shall devote itself with energy to Agriculture and
the Mechanic arts, or avoid these pursuits, and its teachers must be in
40
HAMPTON NORMAL AND
spired with the spirit of hard work and acquainted with the ways that
lead to material success. An imitation of Northern models will not do.
Right methods of work at the South must be created, not copied , though
the underlying principle is everywhere the same. There must be an
essential and inevitable difference between Hampton and schools of a
similar nature at the North or in Europe. While this institution is
distinctly Agricultural, a majority of its graduates become teachers,
and as such might be held to need no special Agricultural or Mechani
cal training. In an older civilization this would undoubtedly be true,
but with us, the teachers sent out come directly in contact with the
farmers of the country and can make their practical and scientific
knowledge tell at once upon the Agricultural interəst by putting into
the hands of their pupils the experience which they themselves have
gained during their three years' course at Hampton. They can impart
during six months of the year knowledge which will be immediately
atilized during the succeeding six months, and as a matter of fact are
often during vacations, etc.,obliged to support themselves by the labor
of their hands, a state of things which they can be prepared to meet
only by such thoroughly polytechnic training as Hampton gives .
At the meeting of the National AgriculturalConvention held during
the present year at Washington, D . C., the committee reported , as fol
lows :
“ Two evils that have thrown a heavy shadow on our Agricultural
advancement have been, First, the painful slowness and uncertainty of
progress, and Second, the enormous waste of misdirected energy. The
farmer who in this county has upon him the treble labor of earning his
bread, of clearing up and permanently improving his estate ,and of as
certaining for himself the best method for his husbandry , must at
tempt either of these enterprises at the cost of some success in the
other. He needs and now begins to demand some division of labor."
As a result of this view of the Agricultural condition of the country
were offered the following resolutions:
" Resolved, That it will greatly conduce to the successful operation
of Agriculture throughout the world that its operators should have the
light of scientific knowledge to guide their work .
" Resolved , That we recognize in the act of Congress of July 2, 1862,
the foundation upon which may be organized and built colleges and
schools, where the scientific principles and knowledge of Agriculture
may be taught, and that it is our anxious desire and duty to fos
ter and encourage them in the work of educating farmers.
“ Resolved , That in the establishment of Agricultural colleges and
in
AGRICULTURAL INSTITUTE.
41
schools, their organization should embrace the following principles, 1st,
that they should be instinctively Agricultural in their government and
teachings; that whilst no branch of learning should be excluded whe
ther it be the knowledge of language, of mechanics, or military tactics,
yet the main design should be a knowledge of all those branches of nat
uraland exact science and practical skill which peculiarly belong to a
finished Agricultural education. 2d , that in any such school or college
actual manual labor should be practiced and taught. 3rd, that females
as well asmales may be admitted as pupils."
The Hampton school not only fulfills these general requirements, but
offers even more than is demanded by the officers of the National Con
vention, inasmuch as it, as has before been said , adapts itself to the
special needs of the people for whom it has been established. Power ,
character, manhood is the ultimate end of education, of experience and
of life, and the best, most practical training is that of the faculties
which should guide and direct all the others. The South needsmen
and women trained to labor, both general and special, but even more it
needsmen and women trained in their duties as citizens, powerful for
good by themoral force of their characters and the never -failing exam
ple of their lives. The negroes,who are to form the working classes of
the South ,must be taught not only to do their work well, but to know
what their work means, and while at Hampton the discipline of hard
work keeps away the indolent, it attracts the determined and deserving,
endows the graduates with a spirit of self-reliance and of manliness,
and returns them to the world at the end of the course something more
than mere pedagogues and farmers- civilizers, able not only to encour
age the young idea ,but to work to advantage the exhausted lands about
them ,and by example and precept to teach right ideasof life and duty .
Such men are needed by the State, but above all are they needed by
the colored race, whose greatest danger is in the bad leadership of
demagogues,whosedestiny is not yetassured , and whose future honorable
position is to be secured only by toil. To this end also the training of
the women is a valuable adjunct ; their work in the Industrial School
which is connected with the Institute , and their manual labor in the
Institute itself, fitting them to meet the demands which are likely to be
made upon them in after life, either as teachers of young children or as
wives and mothers.
The trustees of the Hampton Institute , while taking this broad view
of their duties to their students, and holding that in their instance a
polytechnic system promises the completest success, have endeavored to
make a well-defined religious purpose the basis of all that moral educa
42
HAMPTON NORMAL AND
tion which plays so important a part in their theory and practice. The
deep religious nature of the colored people is capable of the finest de
velopment, and although sectarian influences are carefully avoided ,
there is no hesitation in using all the power of Christian sentiment, and
so far as possible, the pupils are made to feel the value of an earnestly
religious purpose. A clergyman is permanently connected with the
school, and regularr instruction in the principles of Christianitym is given
vice, inin the
eet per
the Sunday-school,
sed to the
su This is to soand
me through
in the weekly service,
sonal intercourse of the teachers. This is to some extent contrary to
usual practice in such institutions, but it is believed to meet the
wants of the students and to elevate the general tone of the school.
The system upon which the Hampton Institute is founded has been
shown, as far as possible, in the preceding pages. It claims to be based
upon the tested experience of other and older nations, and to have re
gard to the peculiar needs of the colored race. While specially agri
cultural, it is also polytechnic, training its' students for the duties of
civil life, and also in a measure for the rarer discipline of military
order, placing higher than all, as the ultimate goal, such an education
of character as shall make its graduates, not only skilful in handiwork,
but wise and honest in their lives.
What Hampton has done is shown in the reports following upon this,
which give, as briefly as possible, a statement of the actual results
already arrived at, the amount of farm land under cultivation , the
crops obtained, number of students, and general statistics of the school,
for which is asked careful attention,as they furnish tangible proof of
great labor and proportionate success . What Hampton promises in the
future is most encouraging, for much is certain , but themuch must be
made more, and the large sums already collected beyond the State
limits justify the friends of the Institute in looking to the action of the
State Legislatnre for much of the assistance which will hereafter be
needed.
President White, of Cornell University, has stated forcibly the posi
tion of all public educational institutions at the present day, and his
words give us a résumé of the whole matter. He says : “ There must
be concentration of resources for advanced education . Such institutions
as those we need demand a great outlay . There must be the best pro
fessors, buildings, libraries, cabinets, collections of models, apparatus,
machines; there must be farms and shops, and all of the best. These
cost much money . To secure thesewemust keep funds for thispurpose
together. Wemust not fritter away the resources of a single State on
severalinstitutions. It is not enough to have a professor of agricultural
AGRICULTURAL INSTITUTE.
43
chemistry or of mechanic arts, here or there. You want them brought
together with ample educational material of every sort. In early days,
when men travelled by stage coaches, it was important that colleges
should be scattered over the State ; now , the case is different. Now
that railroads and telegraphs have nearly annihilated time and space ,
we can afford to concentrate our means. Happily in regard to the in
stitutions recently created, every State, save one or two, has adopted
this policy of concentrating resources for the highest scientific and in
dustrial education , rather than scattering them . It is now regarded as
an axiom : Scatter your resources for primary education, concentrate
your resources for advanced education.”
The college at Hampton has a primary claim to State aid for all the
reasons given by President White, and for still another, viz : that it is
already in advance of any similar institution devoted to the interests of
the colored race, it has already more of the necessary material,and is in
a position to more immediately utilize all endowments. The $ 200,000
raised outside of this State, and invested or expended at Hampton ,
have laid a foundation whereon the citizens of Virginia may build to
good purpose, and there is little doubt that in whatever exertion they
may make,they will be heartily seconded by the Northern friends of
the Institute. An increase of the land scrip of the State, with a just
division of such increase between existing claimants would be only in
keeping with the policy of other States, and would give a solid impetus
to the movement in favor of thorough agricultural education. Thebest
training,as has been practically determined, while it includes manual
labor, is not self-supporting, and that monies expended upon schools,
which furnish h such training, pay good interest to the State, is to -day
beyond a doubt.
Every civilized foreign nation,withoutan exception , has found that
the true secret of national prosperity is in the education of the people,
and in America, full of young blood, fierce energy and untold wealth ,
it is the first duty of the government to protect and assist such institu
tions as, founded on correct theories, are directing and training the labor
of the masses. Our legislators can save the State from great future
expense, from the dangerous results of misdirected energies, and from
the curse of waste lands and an ignorant population, by a judicious pre
sent outlay of public funds.
By concentration of power and liberal endowment the educational
facilities of this State may be speedily made equal to any in the Union,
and if the men who have now the opportunity will put their hands to
this work , the children of Virginia will one day rise up and bless the
wisdom of their fathers .
HAMPTON NORMAL AND
44
The Hampton Normal and Agricultural Institute was incorporated
on September 21st, 1868, at which time fifteen trustees were appointed
with full power to act for the interests of the institution , the purpose of
which , as set forth in the act of incorporation , is “ for the instruction of
youth in the various common school, academic and collegiate branches,
the best method of teaching the same, and the best mode of practical
industry in its application to agriculture and the mechanic arts."
Various changes having taken place since the incorporation , the
Board of Trustees is at the present time composed of the following gen
tlemen :
GEORGE WHIPPLE, New York, President.
R . W . HUGHES, Virginia , and
ALEXANDER HYDE , Massachusetts, Vice Presidents.
S. C . ARMSTRONG, Virginia , Secretary.
J. F . B. MARSHALL, Boston, Treasurer.
T . K . FESSENDEN , Connecticut, Financial Secretary .
0 . O . HOWARD, United States Army, Washington .
M . E . STRIEBY, New York.
JAMES A . GARFIELD, M . C., Ohio .
E . P. SMITH , Minnesota .
JOHN F . LEWIS, U . S. Senator, Virginia .
B . G . NORTHROP, Sec. Conn . State Board of Education , New Haven .
SAMUEL HOLMES, New York .
ANTHONY M . KIMBER, Philadelphia .
EDGAR KETCHUM, New York .
E . M . CRAVATH, Brooklyn, New York.
These gentlemen now hold and control the entire property of the
Institute.
At a meeting of trustees held at Hampton , Virginia, on June 12th ,
1872, it was
" Resolved , 1st, That the trustees of the Hampton Normal and Agri
cultural Institute accept the trust reposed in them by the General As
sembly of Virginia in the act approved March 19th , 1872, entitled ' An
act to appropriate the incomearising from the proceeds of the land scrip
accruing to Virginia under act of congress of July 2d, 1862, and the
acts amendatory thereof' on the termsand conditions therein set forth .
“ Resolved , 2d, That in view of this appropriation ,the trustees hereby
stipulate to establish at once a department in which thorough instruc
tion shall be given, by carefully selected professors in the following
branches, viz : Practical Farming and Principles of Farming ; Practical
Mechanics and Principles of Mechanics ; Chemistry, with special refer
AGRICULTURAL INSTITUTE .
45
ence to Agriculture ; Mechanical Drawing and Book-keeping; Military
Tactics.
" Resolved, 3d , That the trustees request leave of the curators to
invest at an early day not more than one-tenth of the principal of the
land fund assigned to this institution in additional lands, to be used for
farm
p and to expendprnot exceeding five hundred dollars ($500)
d purposes,
incipal aof chemical
resent year
uring the
year inthepurchasing
the present
this the flaboratory
ree colore
during
“ Resolved, 4th , That the principal of this institution be authorized
to receive one hundred ( 100) students from the free colored schools of
this State, free of charge for instruction and use of public buildings, to
be selected by him in such manner as may be agreed upon between him
self and the Board of Education of the State of Virginia ."
" All the members of the Board of Curators who were present, viz :
Messrs. E . Willard Smith, William Thornton, Cæsar Perkins and James
H . Holmes, gave their unanimous consent and approval to the above
resolutions.”
Owing to the fact that there was not a quorum of the Curators pre
sent, the above proceedings were not strictly legal, but the Board of
Education having expressed approval of them , they may be regarded
as approved by a large majority of the Curators,and as therefore valid .
It is intended to call a full meeting in December next to secure the re
quisite formal vote.
In compliance with the resolutions of the trustees, and upon corres
pondence with the Superintendent of Public Instruction the follow
ing was published in a Circular of this Institution , dated July ,
1872 :
“ The avails of one-third of the College Land Scrip of Virginia hav
ing been given to this institution by Act of General Assembly, tuition
and the use of public buildings aremade free to all.
“ One hundred students will be received from the public free schools
of Virginia, at the rate of two from each of the forty-three senatorial
districts of the State; the other fourteen from the State at large. All
applications from State students should come through the County su
perintendents of schools, and for the current year, should be made be
fore the 20th of September next.”
Seven State students have already been admitted , but a majority of
those who applied were not received on account of a misunderstanding
on their part as to the terms on which they are expected to enter . They
had in many cases supposed that their personal expenses were to be de
frayed for them , whereas it is only their tuition and room rent which
are free, the actual cost of their subsistence ($ 10 per month ), remaining
46
HAMPTON NORMAL AND
to be paid in cash entirely , or half in cash and half by their own labor.
This expense a comparatively large number of them felt unable tomeet,
and therefore, have taken no advantage of their appointment, a result
of the misunderstanding which is sincerely regretted by the officers of
the Institution , and which can be remedied only by a clear statement of
the fact that their appointment as State students includes free tui
tion and lodging, but does not defray the cost of their personal sub
sistence.
Fourteen of the students now in attendance who are well qualified
and fairly entitled to the appointment of State students, at large ,
have applied for it and been recommended to the Board of Educa
tion .
It has been arranged with the Board of Education that not over one
third of the one hundred State students should be admiteed annually
in the next three years, in order to secure for the future a steady rate
of admission and graduation .
The trustees have endeavored to meet the requirements of the Act of
the General Assembly donating Land scrip , both in its letter and in its
spirit, even before receiving any of the benefits of the grant.
The original purchase of land at Hampton was 125 acres, and the
position being already in every way eligible, large and valuable college
buildings were erected , the principal of which is a fine three-story hall,
containing assembly and recitation rooms for 300 students and dormito
ries for forty . The rapid growth of the institution necessitates an
equally rapid increase in accommodation, and the plan of the trustees
now includes a complete series of buildings, harmonizing with and sup
plementing each other, and offering every facility for the instruction of
the pupils. This work will proceed as quickly as possible during the
coming year, and,when finished, will present as fair an ensemble of col
lege buildings,representing a total cost of $ 200,000,as is to be found
in the South , the whole being arranged with due regard to the health of
students and teachers. As regards the actual success of the school, the
most satisfactory proof can be offered in the figures which exhibit its
growth from its establishment up to the present time. The number of
pupils for the first year was 20,with two academic teachers, while for the
present term there are 213 students ,with an efficient corps of 8 academic
teachers, which former number could have been run up to 263 had it been
possible to provide sufficient accommodation for them . As it is, some
AGRICULTURAL INSTITUTE .
· 47
24 students are encamped in tents in the open fields — for while the pre
sent hall provides ample space for assembly and recitation rooms, there
is crying need for different and more spacious dormitories, the over
crowding of which is directly injurious to the health of the students .
The farm which forms so important a feature of the training afforded
is improving in the same ratio as the academic department, and offers
unvaryingly favorable testimony as given below in quotation from
REPORT OF FARM MANAGER.
For the purpose of interfering as little as possible with recitations,
the students are divided into five squads,which are successively assigned
one day in each week for labor on the farm . All the boys also work
on the forenoons of every Saturday during the term . Each student
has, therefore, a day and a half of labor on the farm , for which he is
allowed from seven to ten cents an hour or from $ 1 to $ 1.50 per week ,
according to his ability. If he is disposed he can, and some do, work
the whole of Saturdays. As the charge for board , washing, lights,
room rent and tuition is $ 10 per month, or 33 } cts. per day, there is
a considerable deficiency for theterm . To meet this deficiency , and to
pay a reasonable charge for clothing and books, every student is liable
to be called out at any time during the term , as the exigencies of the
farm may require, for any number of days not exceeding twelve ; and
they have the further opportunity to pay off all arrears, by labor during
the long vacation of three and a half months. Opportunity is given to
every one disposed to work to pay his bills for board, books, and $ 20 to
$25 worth of clothing, which is furnished at very low prices by the In
dustrial Department for female scholars.
Size of farm , 120 acres — under cultivation , 80 acres.
· More attention has been given to stock in 1871– 2, than in previous
years. The growing demand of the school for beef and milk and the
considerable local market, has resulted in increasing purchases of beef
cattle, and sales to the Boarding department at Fort Monroe, and to the
neighborhood at a profit. The market wagon has continued to run
daily, supplying customers at Old Point Comfort, with fresh milk and
vegetables in the season. Larger sales have been made this year than
previously, especially of milk .
• The meat cart has run tri-weekly to Hampton and Old Point; this
branch of business is a new feature and promises well. Peaches, pota
toes and cabbage have been shipped to Baltimore, Philadelphia , New
York and Boston , with unusually satisfactory returns. While more ma
48
HAMPTON NORMAL AND
nure than ever, has been used,less has been purchased . More dealing in
stock will without special outlay aid in bringing the farm up to higher
condition .
The farm is steadily improving in productiveness, and the additions
and improvements of the past year have been as follows :
1.
2.
3.
4.
Shelter to replace the barn destroyed by fire a year ago.
Three acres of asparagus set out.
150 Concord grape vines set out.
Two acres land reclaimed.
5 . Four grade milch cows, imported from ' Berkshire, Massachu
setts .
6 . One pair Chester white pigs and a stock of light Brahma
fowls .
7. One French Canadian Stallion .
8 . A blacksmith shop.
For the first time, a year has passed without purchase of fodder
for stock , excepting to replace losses by fire.
Thirty-five acres of corn yielding over 1300 bushels have supplied
but 128 bushels to boarding department, having been used for feeding,
as follows: 7 horses, 33 head of hogs, 17 head of cattle. 300 bushels
now on hand .
The prospect for a peach crop, (800 trees) is most encouraging, the
plantation of apple trees (500 ), pear trees (500 ), cherry trees (300) ,
plum (50 ), and quince trees (100 ), are thriving. 20,000 cabbages and
nearly seven acres of potatoes are ready for market. 16 acres of oats
and 10 of clover are ready to cut. There are planted and to be planted
for fall crops, 36 acres of corn , 23 acres of roots, 33 acres sweet pota
toes, 43 acres late potatoes, 2 acres corn fodder, 30,000 late cabbage, 20
acres cattle peas sowed in corn , also watermelons, squashes, pump
kins, etc.
Farm sales and receipts from June 1, 1871 , to June 1, 1872, are ,
as follows :
1. To boarding department for subsistence of teachers
and students ,
- $ 3 ,595 56
2. To outside customers,
:
:
Total receipts for sales and work done,
:
: 5,124 91
$ 8 ,720 47
49
AGRICULTURAL INSTITUTE.
The farm outlays for the year have been (exclusive of manager's
salary ), as follows :
· 1. For current expenses, namely :
$ 1,282 18
Student's labor,
All other labor, including extra work in hauling
stone for cemetery wall, -
1,908 72
528 92
Fodder and manure,
Seeds and plants, -
224 65
391 72
Miscellaneous,
Total,
$ 4 ,336 19
2 . Permanent Improvements, etc. :
$ 349 93
290 34
364 60
Repairs to replace loss by fire,
Implements,
Milch cows,
-
-
-
Total,
-
3 . Beef, mutton and pork, for slaughter,
ot
Total, -
-
$ 1,004 87
3,375 51
-
$ 8,716 57
Showing a gain of receipts over outlays of $ 3 90 , or of $ 1,008 22
over current expenses. Adding to this the outstanding amounts due
farm , not included in above receipts, amounting to $ 305 52, and we
have a total of $ 1,314 59 as the profits of the year's work, or $314 59
above the salary of the manager.
Student labor costs about one-fourth more than that of hired men,
for the reason that work is sometimes given at a disadvantage, in order
to give them an opportunity of earning their expenses. The desire for
labor has been greater than the farm could supply , and, as a general
thing, they have been faithful hands. In most cases there is a steady
change from month to month for the better, both in efficiency and dispo
sition. Each student has opportunity of becoming familiar during his.
stay with nearly every kind of practical farming and gardening adapted
to his future needs, and, in most cases, their opportunities are improved
by observations and questionings quite distinct from the mechanical
drudgery of ordinary field hands.
In connection with the above report, attention is drawn to the fact,
50
HAMPTON NORMAL AND
that at the Agricultural Fair of Virginia and North Carolina, held in
Norfolk in the latter part of October, the Hampton Normal and Agri
cultural School took the following prizes :
Best stallion over four years old , silver ice pitcher, valued at $ 25
Best Ayershire bull, silver waiter, valued at
.
Best Alderney bull, silver waiter, valued at
Best heifer calf, silver napkin ring, valued at
15
.
EXTRACT FROM REPORT OF MANAGER OF INDUSTRIAL DEPARTMENT.
Expenditure,
Receipts,
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
ont
Balance to credit industrial department,
$ 2 ,373 09
.
2 ,499 63
126 54
An appropriation of $ 200 was voted by the trustees. No money
was paid over, but a credit of $ 200 in the account of the industrial
department with the Normal Schoolwas allowed by the treasurer. The
manager does not avail herself of this credit. The department has
been conducted on proceeds of sales, with the exception of $65 dona
tions.
31 young women have been employed, of whom
26 have been taught the use of one sewing machine.
7 have been taught the use of two different machines.
4 have been taught the use of three different machines.
5 have been taught the use of four differentmachines.
Besides the manafacture for sales in market, 643 articles which the
students could procure in no other way, have been made and issued to
them at low prices and on long credit. The young women employed
have, in most cases, been faithful and industrious, eager and grateful for
the opportunity of earning something towards their expenses. Their
spirit and conduct in connection with the department, except in the
cases of three or four dropped for being idle and untrustworthy, have
been good in all respects.
REPORT OF PRINTING OFFICE .
The job printing office of this institution was opened for business
Nov. 1st, 1871. It was my intention, as far as possible, to employ
only such help as could be obtained in the school, as the printing office
was intended partly as a means of instruction to those who wished to
avail themselves of the advantages of a good trade in connection with
their general education. This idea has been carried out with one ex
ception — it was found necessary to have a boy in the office permanently ,
AGRICULTURAL INSTITUTE.
51
and it was thought advisable to take one not then connected with the
school, and who could give his whole time to the office . The results so
far have been whatmight have been expected in any school. It was
necessary to try several boys and select those who possessed some talent
for the business. Of the five first chosen , but one has been dropped for
not making satisfactory progress. So far, results go to show that the
students' labor can be used to advantage (to them and to the in
stitution ) in this department. One of the students employed in the
office during the past year has acquired sufficient knowledge of the bu
siness to enable him to pay his way in school by his work in the office
out of school hours. None but unusually bright boys can do this in so
short a time. Should the business of the office largely increase, past
experience shows that a sufficientnumber of the students canbe trained
as compositors to obviate the necessity of procuring outside help .
The
amount of job work done has been satisfactory , and with the assistance
of a cylinder press would have been quite profitable. All the machin
ery we have for book and job work are two presses — one a Washington
hand press, the other a quarter medium Gordon press ; we have, there
fore,been compelled to print all of our book and newspaper work by a
very slow process and at a great disadvantage, consequently decreasing
the profits of the office to a considerable extent.
The cost of the printing office, establishment and outfit, amounted to
$ 2,600 ; which wasmetby donations from friends of the enterprise atthe
North . During the eight months that the office has been in operation
its receipts for job printing, and subscriptions and advertisements for
the newspaper have been $ 1,784 45, and its expenses, including wages
of foreman and assistants, $ 1,708 58 ; thus more than paying its ex
penses, besides giving the students employed in it the opportunity of
learning a useful trade.
The first number of the “ Southern Workman,” an illustrated month
ly devoted to the industrial classes of the South , was issued January 1 ,
1872. It has a circulation of 1,500 and a subscription list of over
1 ,000 from 25 States in the Union .
The reports above quoted show conclusively, not only themechanical
and financial success of the various departments, but also the admirable
spirit of the students, their desire to do their work intelligently, and
their general honesty and persistence. And as the highest possible tri
bute to the value of the Manual Labor System as practiced at the
Hampton Institute, the heads of the Departments bear unanimous wit
52
HAMPTON NORMAL AND AGRICULTURAL INSTITUTE.
ness to the marked progress from month to month of the students em
ployed under their direction .
The history of the Institution has been presented with as much con
densation of facts as possible, but the record is one which undeniably
promises good work in the future , and encourages the friends of the
school to make bold claims for assistance from every legitimate quarter.
The funds accruing to the corporation from the land scrip already given
by the Legislature will immediately and largely increase the capacity
and influence of the school, and it is hoped that the results of that gift
may be so satisfactory as to justify the trustees in asking for further
State aid .
I am , sir, with great respect,
Your obedient servant,
SAMUEL C . ARMSTRONG ,
Principal of the Institute.
HAMPTON, VA., Nov. 5th , 1872.
RICHMOND COLORED NORMAL SCHOOL .
53
RICHMOND COLOPED NORMAL SCHOOL .
This Institution continues under the charge of Mr. R . M . Manly ,
Principal, with four assistant teachers. The number of pupils is larger
than ever before, and its standard of scholarship is advanced by a more
rigid examination and higher conditions of admission. The number of
pupils at present, in the three normal classes, is ninety -four, and the
model school has thirty.
The conditions of admission to the junior class are, ability to write a
fair hand, to read and spell with tolerable fluency and accuracy , pass a
good examination in Geography, and in the Primary Grammar, and to
be found thoroughly proficient in Arithmetic, mental and written ,
through common and decimal fractions, and have attained the age of
fifteen years. The course of study occupies three years, and embraces,
in addition to the common branches, the following, viz : Map-drawing ,
linear drawing, objective teaching, physiology, civil government, physi
cal geography, botany, natural philosophy, algebra, vocal music, calis
thenics, English composition and the history and philosophy of educa
tion. Pupils, in the senior year of their course, have charge, in rota
tion , of the model school, under the inspection and criticism of their
own teachers.
The normal school receives its pupils mainly from the excellent public
schools of Richmond,where their instruction has been thorough in the
elements,and comprehensive of all subjects proper for the grade. Thus,
entering the normal school, well disciplined in habits and methods of
study, and quite well advanced in the common branches, their future
progress is comparatively easy and rapid. Pupils, however, are received
from abroad if they are properly prepared . Those who have com
pleted the course of study and gone out to teach have uniformly been
successful.
The school is supported from charitable sources, including the Pea
body fund, and no tuition is charged .
54
RICHM
OND
INSTIT
.
UTE
RICHMOND INSTITUTE.
This Institution for the training of colored preachers and teachers was
established in the city of Richmond about five (5) years ago. During
the last year eighty-three (83) adult males were in attendance,about
sixty (60) of whom are preparing for the ministry. The Institution is
open to all Denominations, and instruction is free to all. Last year, of
those preparing for the ministry more than forty (40) were supported
wholly or in part as Beneficiaries of the American Baptist Home Mis
sion Society, under the auspices of which the school is conducted . There
are at present four (4) regular instructors.
The building occupied by the Institution is at the corner of 19th and
Main streets. Information respecting the school may be obtained by ad
dressing the Principal, Rev. C. H . Corey .
HISTORY OF FREE SCHOOLS IN ALEXANDRIA,
[Extract from Supt. Carne’s Report to the City School Board : 1872. ]
Free schools are no novelty in Alexandria, for, almost a century ago,
our illustrious neighbor and friend, George Washington, in the interval
of time which elapsed between the laying down of the almost unlimited
military power with which his countrymen had invested him , and the
acceptance of their highest civil office, founded such a school among us.
After making a liberal subscription towards the erection of the Alex
andria Academy, of which he was one of the corporators, General
Washington addressed,on the 17th of December, 1785, the following
letter to the Board of Trustees :
To the Trustees of the Alexandria School:
GENTLEMEN , — That I may be perspicuous, and avoid misconception ,
the proposition which I wish to lay before you is committed to writing,
and is as follows :
It has long been my intention to invest , at my death , one thousand
pounds, in current money of this State, in the hands of Trustees ; the
interest only of which to be applied in instituting a school in the town
FREE SCHOOLS IN ALEXANDRIA .
of Alexandria for the purpose of educating orphan children , or the
children of such indigent parents as are unable to give it.
The object to be conceived of and determined on by the trustees for
the time being, when applied to by the parents or friends of the chil
dren who have pretensions to this provision.
As it is not in my power, at this time, to advance the above sum , but
that a measure which may be productive of good may not be delayed ,
I will, until my death , or until it shall be more convenient for my estate
to advance the principal, pay the interest thereof, to wit, fifty pounds
annually .
Under this state of the matter, I submit to your consideration the
practicability and propriety of blending the two institutions together,
so as to make one seminary under the direction of a president, visitors,
or such other establishment as to you shall seem best calculated to pro
mote the objects in view , and for preserving order, regularity , and good
conduct in the academy.
My intention, as I have before intimated , is that the principal sum
shall never be broken in upon ; the interest only to be applied for the
purposes before mentioned .
It was also my intention to apply the latter to the sole purpose of
education, and of that sort of education as would be most extensively
useful to the people of the lower classes of citizens, viz : reading,
writing, and arithmetic ; so as to fit them for mechanical purposes. The
fund if confined to this would comprehend more subjects. .
But if you shall be of opinion that the proposition I now offer can be
made to comport with the institution of the school which is already es
tablished , I approve of an incorporation of them
in the manner before
mentioned, and, thereafter, upon a full consideration of the matter,
should conceive that this fund would be more advantageously applied to
wards cloathing and schooling than solely to the later, I will acquiesce in it
most cheerfully , and shall be ready as soon as the trustees are established
upon a permanent footing, by deed or other instrument of writing, to
vest the aforesaid sum of one thousand pounds in them and their suc
cessors forever, with power to manage and direct the sameagreeably to
these my declared intentions.
G . WASHINGTON .
DECEMBER 17th, 1785.
To this letter the President, by direction of the Board,made the fol
lowing reply :
To His Excellency General Washington :
SIR , — The Trustees of the Alexandria Academy having considered
your proposal of investing one thousand pounds in their hands for the
purpose of educating orphan and other poor children, the interest
thereof, viz : fifty pounds per annum , to be paid in the mean time, and
applied to that purpose, are unanimously of opinion that the proposal, as
set forth in your letter of this date addressed to them , is very consistent
8x712 ; )
- 1861
56
DRIA
FREE SCHOOLS IN ALEXAN
.
with the institution of the academy as already framed, and are ready
to accept the same, engaging on their part to do everything in their
power to comply fully with your benevolent intentions.
As to the proposition of leaving it hereafter at the option of the trus
tees to apply part of the aforesaid benefaction to the purpose of cloath
ing the objects of it, the trustees are of opinion it will be better that
the whole be directed to be applied towards schooling them only .
By order :
WM . BROWN, President.
[From General Washington 's will (pages 4, 5 and 6 of the printed
copy published by Andrew Jackson in 1868), it appears that he left
twenty shares of stock in the Bank of Alexandria , worth four thousand
dollars, to the trustees of the academy, in lieu of the thousand pounds
($ 3,333 33 !), for the support of the school, “ the stock to remain entire
and untouched unless indications of a failure of the said Bank should
be so apparent, or a discontinuance thereof should render a removal of
this fund necessary,” in either of which cases the trustees are to invest
the money in some other bank or public institution " whereby the in
terest may with regularity and certainty be drawn and applied as
above." By the failure of the bank , the endowment was lost in 1834.]
On the 8th of April, 1786, an agreement was entered into by the
committee of the Board with Philip Webster, under which he con
tracted “ to teach twenty scholars the several branches of reading,
English writing, and the common rules of arithmetic, for the sum of
fifty pounds, being the donation of General Washington, and the school
to be opened in the third story of the Alexandria Academy."
*
*
The first pupils admitted were “ one son of Ann Gullott, one of Ann
Farmer, one of Ephraim Wyley, one of Ann Sanderson , one of Mary
Ha — , [here the record is imperfect], one of Martha Brown ,one of
Henry Pitieman , one of Hannah Harper, one of Sarah Gordon (oneof
Mrs. Goehegan admitted till others may be proposed , he being an in
dented apprentice), and two sons of Mrs. Kelly ; also two girls of Mrs.
Hayes are admitted upon this condition : that General Washington shall
explain it to be consistent with his intentions that girls may be taught
in this school.”
It is worthy of note that the very first rule made for the schoolwas
one which is still found necesary : “ That any scholar failing to attend
the school more than one day without sufficient excuse,to be judged of
by the visitors,or any of them ,may , on that account, be excluded from
said school by such visitor or visitors, till the next meeting of the trus
57
FREE SCHOOLS IN ALEXANDRIA .
tees, to be then submitted to them to determine finally on every such
case."
That General Washington approved the admission of girls is to be in
ferred from the fact that Mary Watson was admitted with Wm . Smith,
by a vote of the Board, on the 24th of June, and that Charlotte Lin
away was so admitted on the 5th of May, 1787, though he appears to
have directed that preference be given to boys in case there should be
more applicants than vacancies, for, on the 8th of May, 1778, two girls
admitted were “ to give place whenever there shall be applications for
admittance, on behalf of boys, proper objects of this bounty, who are
directed to be preferred .”
*
On the 28th of April, 1800, Rev . James Muir, Dr. Elisha Cullen
Dick, and Thomas Swann , Esq ., were appointed a committee to suggest
to the city authorities the propriety of assigning to the trustees the sum
of sixty pounds annually , which it seems they had been for some time
appropriating for free education, in order that the accommodations of
the Washington Schoolmight be increased . On the 23d of June, 1800,
the Common Council agreed to the proposition .
*
*
*
The school hours at this date would scarcely suit the children of the
presentday. They were as follows: “ From the first of May to 1st of
September, from 6 to 8, and from 9 to 12 A . M ., and from 2 to 5 P. M .,
and from the 15th of September to the 1st of May, from 9 to 12, and
from 2 to sunset.” In all, eight hours in summer, and about five and a
half in winter. As to studies, it was enacted . “ that the greatest atten
tion shall be paid to reading accurately , to writing and to arithmetic ,
and that the Grammar at the end of the Spelling Book shall be com
mitted to memory." Whether the result was to make the pupils good
grammarians, we are not informed .
That there was a constant supervision appears from a requirement
" that all Copy Books shall be kept with their names in them and dates,
that their progress may be observed.”
In 1812, the Lancasterian System was introduced , and the city au
thorities erected on the Academy grounds the building which has been
ever since used by the school, which , up to that time, had occupied the
third story of the Academy building, now the residence of Col. B. F .
Sceva. Messrs. Jacob Hoffman, John Janney and Jonah Thompson
were the building committee,in connection with a committee of Council,
and “ the teacher of the Lancaster School at Georgetown having given
it as his opinion that the mixture of male and female scholars in the
samebuilding is attended with great inconvenience, and is inconsistent
58
FREE SCHOOLS IN ALEXANDRIA .
with the plan of Lancaster,” Messrs. Hugh Smith , Jacob Hoffman, Wil
liam Hodgson , John Janney and Thomas Vowell were appointed to en
quire into the practicability of opening a female free school. This com
mittee made a favorable report, and were directed to proceed with the
building of the house on Columbus street near Queen,now greatly im
proved and occupied by Potomac Lodge, No. 38, I. O . O . F., and St.
John's Academy. The female school was opened there, Miss Rachel
Judge being elected teacher. Townsend Waugh succeeded Edmond
Edmonds, at this time, in the charge of Washington School. In 1813,
itwas ordered “ that no pupil be admitted into the Alexandria Academy
for instruction in any branch taught in the Lancaster School,” in which ,
at that time, a large portion of the pupils paid for their tuition .
From the proceedings of the Board of Trustees, December 22d, 1814 ,
it would seem that the system had not worked as successfully as had
been expected , for the Rev. W . H . Wilmer, John Janney and Thomas
Vowell were appointed a committee to investigate the condition of the
schools, and enquire into the causes of their decline, if they should be
found to be less prosperous than formerly . No final report from this
committee appears upon the record .
On the 27th of April, 1829, Rev. William Jackson, Edmond I. Lee
and William L . Hodgson were appointed a committee to examine into
the condition of the school, in conjunction with a committee of the Com
mon Council, and the same committee was instructed “ to examine into
the state of the fund left by Mrs. Washington for the education of poor
females,and report the same.”
On the 28th of June, 1829,the committee reported in favor of trans
ferring the charge of the school to the city , and the following resolution
was adopted , viz :
“ That the dividends or interest arising from the late General Wash
ington's legacy be and is hereby appropriated to the support of the said
school,so long as the trustees remain satisfied that the teacher continues
and attends to his duties as teacher of the poor, agreeably to the terms
of the bequest."
The report on the female school merely relates to the building,which
appears to have been occupied first by various teachers, some of whom
failed to pay their rent, and finally by a colored Methodist Society. The
female school had, evidently , but a brief existence,
On the 31st of August, 1829, Townsend Waugh having resigned his
place as teacher,the Board declined electing a successor, as the city au
thorities had made no appropriation for a salary.
Early in 1830, “ The Board of Guardians of the Free School,” having
59
FREE SCHOOLS IN ALEXANDRIA .
been organized by the City Council, with the Rev . Elias Harrison as
President, Samuel Plummer was placed in charge of the school. He
taught several years, and was succeeded by a young man from the
North ,who remained in charge a short time, but whose name I have not
been able to ascertain , part of the recordshaving been destroyed during
the war. In 1837, Perry E . Broccus became teacher , and was succeeded
in September, 1839, by Col. S. King Shay , who ruled with a firm hand,
and during the sixteen years of his administration inducted many hun
dreds of boys into the ways of knowledge. During most of this time
Benjamin Hallowell was a Guardian, and a most faithful and efficient
one, visiting the school regularly every Thursday.
*
*
*
In 1855 Col. Shay was superseded , for political reasons, a new Board
having been elected because the old one was unwilling to allow politics
to enter into the choice of a teacher, and William Sheriff served a short
time, and was succeeded by L . Whittlesey.
*
*
*
In 1859 Samuel T. Beach succeeded Mr. Whittlesey as teacher. The
grade of the school was now raised , boys being promoted to it from the
State schools, and Mr. Beach both ruled and taught in a most satisfac
tory manner . He served until November, 1861.
*
*
*
On Mr. Beach's resignation the school was closed,and the house was
soon after seized by themilitary authorities and appropriated to the use
of the “ contrabands," who were then flocking into Alexandria . It was
subsequently used as a school-house for colored people,but was at length
restored, in 1864, to a Board of Guardians, of which the Rev. William
F. Speake was President, and his brother, Henry Clay Speake, was ap
pointed teacher,being first “ required to take the oath of allegiance to
the United States."
The attendance during Mr. Speake’s administration was very large, so
large as to preclude the possibility of his teaching all properly. He
governed well, however , and,with the aid of monitors, managed to in
struct the boys as well as could have been expected .
In 1866 a new Board was elected , and Col. Shay was again made
Principal,Miss A. V . K . Shay being elected assistant. The City Council
had the house thoroughly repaired , a new roof and a new floor being
among the improvements, and a charge of one dollar a quarter being
made to all except orphans, the furniture and books which had been
destroyed during the war were replaced ,and the city was relieved from
all expense except for salaries. Col. Shay continued in charge until
1871, and I was elected President of the Board (August 1st, 1866 ), and
continued in office until its dissolution , April 7th , 1871.
For many years before the war the city authorities paid the salary of
60
.
IN ALEXA
FREE SCHOO
LS
NDRIA
a teacher appointed by the Lady Managers of the Female Orphan Asy
lum to give gratuitous instruction to the girls in the school room at the
Asylum . .
*
On the retrocession of Alexandria to Virginia , the free school law of
the State becameoperative, and commissioners were appointed for each
of the wards, with Robert L . Brockett as County Superintendent. A
number of primary schools were either established or subsidized by
these Commissioners,and the rudiments of an education were thus given
to many children .
*
*
To Sylvester Scott,who succeeded Mr. Brockett as County Superin
tendent, on his removal to Lynchburg in 1859, the highest praise is due
for his faithful and zealous administration . Instead of idly complaining
about the inadequacy of the means provided for public education , he
employed himself,most industriously , in making the best possible use of
the money at his disposal, and , animated by a love for his fellow men ,
which shone forth in every act of his life,he worked , without ceasing,
until he had achieved his end. His incessant labors, and the troubles
of the times, in which he bore his part, ended , prematurely , his career
on earth , but his memory will long live in the affections of hundreds
among us to whom he was a father .
other
COLLEGE STATISTICS.
887
· · · · · · · · ·
Delaware , ·
Florida , .
Georgia, . .
Illinois, .
Indiana, .
Iowa,
.
Kansas, .
Kentucky,
Louisiana,
Maine ,
Maryland,
Massachusetts, .
Michigan ,
• · ·
California,
Connecticut,
28
515
919
999
483
724
117
258
Missouri, ,
Nebraska,
Nevada,
New Hampshire ,
New Jersey, .
New York , .
North Carolina,
.
•
Oregon , . .
Pennsylvania , . .
Rhode Island , ..
South Carolina,
Tennessee,
Texas, . .
Vermont,
..
Virginia , . . .
West Virginia ,
Wisconsin ,
.
Arizona Territory , .
Colorado Territory, .
District of Columbia,
Idaho Territory,
Indian Territory, .
Montana Territory, .
New Mexico Territory ,
Utah Territory ,
.
Washington Territory ,
Foreign, · · · ·
Total, . .
271
332
other
.States
States
.
In
From
235
244
21
14
131
643
36
88
32
22
928
780
55
176
219
535
39
411
72
124
31
604
224
323
279
457
111
267
211
147
113
112
75
204
902
656
473
39
246
85
33
138
558
72
252
563
113
382
139
441
120
1, 186
763
44
,
a
Missiesot
ssippi,
Ohio ,
243
228
47
539
460
1, 106
743
8
79
363
148
181
17
381
542
2 ,213
324
1,639
1,622
220
225
139
466
2,442
225
1,668
351
257
1,710
72
1,669
1,301
146
545
86
774
338
409
1,195
109
124
178
156
137
427
474
44
168
499
594
65
104
317
241
94
67
159
246
233
368
158
272
181
1,093
305
564
153
415
137
421
62
311
107
108
107
111
37
109
190
116
CONSOO co
Minn
own
their
In
242
140
140
O
Alabama, :
Arkansas,
.
State
From each
.
State
.
State
In
STATES AND TERRITORIES .
each
NUMBER OF COLLEGE STUDENTS ATTENDING
17,824 ' 17,824 ' 12,286 ' 5,538 15,538
62
PREEDMAN 'S SAVINGS AND TRUST COMPANY.
THE FREEDMAN'S SAVINGS AND TRUST COMPANY.
Atlanta,Georgia ......
Augusta,Georgia......
Baltimore,Maryland.
Beaufort, South Carolina.......
Charleston,
South Carolina.
Columbus, Mississippi....... ..
Columbia , Tennesse..
Huntsville, Alabama.
Jacksonville,Kentucky.
Florida .
Lexington
Little Rock, , Arkansas.....
Louisville, Kentucky....
Lynchburg,
Virginia
Georgia
Macon,
..........
Memphis, Tennessee.......
Mobile
, Alabama....
Montgomery,
Alabama...
Natchez, Mississippi..........
Nashville, Tennessee..........
Newberne, North Carolina...
New Orleans, Louisiana.....
New York , New York..........
Norfolk , Virginia ....
Philadelphia, Pennsylvania ..
$11,242 9430
$9,419
10,771 9968
614 57
29,755
52 189,217
40
189,600 74 184,924
84,4 ,364
464 5334
67,668
83
2,426
15
05
2,552 5550 102,086
,127 61
7,343
57,307
54
67,292
09
14 ,383 85 11,221
1337
7.871 0127 17,9,506
35
74
5
18,311
3,104 48
1, 242 56
6 ,808 98 27,197
7,061
5206
20,045
40
18,645 62
11,136
05
90 158,679
,005 6017
25,8,5522
,098 58
1538,113
,73148 534683 1737,775
73
207,878 53
193,145
48
74.461 61
133,209
58
16,771 88 17,757 38
11,451
49,887
,660 4918
5,663 511228 53,900
72
64,112
27,066 33
Raleigh, North Carolina... .....
Richmond,Georgia........
Virginia.......
....
Savannah,
30,951 23
ourial
8Louisiana...
8
e
e
20 ,688 72 21,105 59
Shreveport,
s
s
a
iVSt.ch Louis,
h Missouri....
02
26 ,323 93 20,599
4 ,526 75
Tallahassee, Florida
61,4 ,589
691 4573 60,068 28
Vicksburg,Mississippi.
Washington , District Columbia, 323,555 79 296 ,321 26
10,714 10 12,632
Wilmington,
North Carolina....
Alexandria , Virginia
685 6580
....
1,929 91
due
Balance
.
Depositors
amount
Total
.
ofDrafts
amount
Total
.
Deposits
of
the
for
Drafts
.month
BRANCHES.
Deposits
for
.
month
the
FINANCIAL STATEMENT EOR THE MONTH OF AUGUST, 1872.
223,020 17 $22,180 10
$ 245,200
367,653 2716 $ 996,371
284,406 9814 281,670
83,247 0234
1,278,042
32
2,944,441 88 49,431 42
2,993,873
30
95 ,176 24 205.465 41
3, 132,036
100,641 6546 2,7121,776
67 10,259 79
15 ,738 76 18,350 21
34,088
97
416 ,617 72 364,382
3,312,424 55 3,234,445 51
72 52,235
77,978 2183
238,680
22 188,308 76
172,392 10 154,914 42
914,504 61
1,057,587
71
18,354 87
36,880
98 156,308
197
,050
01
840, 218 7591
970,096
09
1,039,097 05 933,424 30
238,106 7008 612,985
213,861 7174
649,256
625 ,166 401
739,691
88
1,001,645 7495
1,057,688 32 2,171,056
2,393,584
1,673, 249 0836 1, 227,449 57
59
1,0357,924
48,762 8905 916,047
278,641 10
231,685 82 202,032 44
45
1,082,152 71 912,933
1,031,173
38 893,321 30
299,428 39 264,707 78
526,490 86
615
361,,876
614 5774 329,618 33
2,962,235 58 2,823,700 87
7,438,918
407,512 5139
457 ,360 7517 6,406,092
14,091 77
1,626 35
50,371 46
17,477 68
143,083 10
18,526 11
40,741 26
129,877 18
105.672
24 ,244 7537
36,270 96
114,525 48
56 ,042 58
222,527 13
445,
132,779914 7946
7938
79,283
29,653
26
169
219
137,852 02
34,720 6188
89,385
31,996 24
138 534 7178
1,032,825
49,848 24
12,465 42
$1,461,207 56 $1,364,899 95 $ 38,245,163 80 $34,000.685 77 $4,244,478 03
...... ......... $ 1,461,207 56
Totalamount of deposits for themonth.
.... 1, 364,899 95
Total amountof drafts for the month ...
96,307 61
Gain for themonth.
Totalamount of deposits......
Total amount of drafts.............
Total amount due depositors...............
$ 38 , 2
163 80
34,000,685 77
$4,244,478 03
CONTENTS OF PART I.
PAGE
REPORT OF BOARD OF EDUCATION...... III
LETTER OF SUPT. PUB. INSTRUCTION
TO PRES' T BOARD OF EDUCATION ......
PAGE
Proposed change in Tax law ....
Census of school population ........
Complication of school affairs.....
Agricultural and Mechanical College...
TheInstitute
Hampton Normaland Agricultural
.. .......
Visitation of schools..........
Free tickets ..
SECOND
ANNUAL REPORT
PUB. INSTRUCTION
.. OF SUPT. OF VII
VII
Statistical Summaries.....
FORMING A PART OF
Comparative Tables for 1871 and 1872 · IXIX DOCUMENTS
THE REPORT OF THE SUPERINTEN 17
Remarks on Statistics..
DENT
OF
PUBLIC
INSTRUCTION ......
Diminution
in
proceeds
of
State
School
tax .......... ...
XIх
The Literary Fund..
List of county and city superintendents, 17
The Statistics of Private and Incorpora
Written
reports of county and city su 19
.XIII
perintendents........
ted Schools.......
108
XIV
Summaries of written reports.......
Progress
of
public
sentiment.
Improvement in school-houses. ...... XVI
Statistical tables of Public School ope
ende.nts of schools.....
ty Supeteesrint........
Coun
School trus
.
.
rovement in quality of schools .......
Imp
The Colored People ............
Local school taxes ......
rations ..........
110
Statistical Tables of private and incor 208
porated schools...
221
General
summariesreport.........
for the State......... 224
Second Auditor's
APPENDIX .
Report of the Board of Visitors of the Virginia Agricultural and Mechanical College......
The Hampton Normaland Agricultural Institute ........
Richmond Colored NormalSchool..........
Richmond Institute.........
History of Free Schools in Alexandria .................
College Statistics.
The Freedman 's Savings and Trust Company....
............... .
..... .........
UNIV : OF MIOK :
AUG 14 1807
THE UNIVERSITY OF MICHIGAN
DATE DUE
Juuuu
OCT 2 6 1990
UNIVERSITY OF MICHIGAN
39015 02012 3793
ААААААА
АЛА
УДААСЛА
5 )
2 )
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А
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